熱能動(dòng)力工程專業(yè)英語 Part 副本 how to write an abstract in English實(shí)用PPT課件PPT課件

1、2021-11-15How to write an abstract in English如何撰寫英文摘要 撰寫英文科技論文的第一步就是推敲結(jié)構(gòu)。最簡單有效的方法即采用IMRaD結(jié)構(gòu)(Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion), IMRaD結(jié)構(gòu)的論文具有簡單、清晰、明了并且邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)，因而被廣泛采用。 IMRaD結(jié)構(gòu) Introduction研究的是什么問題？Materials and Methods問題是怎么研究的？Results發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？Discussion發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著什么？IMRaD結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯性IMRaD

2、結(jié)構(gòu)及Ashby提出的概念圖法第1頁/共17頁2021-11-15How to write an abstract in English如何撰寫英文摘要國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化科技論文的組成部分包括： 基本組成部分 標(biāo)題及副標(biāo)題(title and subtitle)作者(author)及所在單位和地址(institution and address)摘要(abstract)引言(introduction)材料和方法(materials and methods)結(jié)果(results)討論(discussion)結(jié)論(conclusion)致謝(acknowledgement)參考文獻(xiàn)(references)

3、這里將對(duì)摘要的撰寫進(jìn)行介紹。第2頁/共17頁 Abstract（摘要） 摘要是論文的梗概，是對(duì)論文的簡單描述。摘要應(yīng)提供論文所包含的主要概念和所討論的主要問題，使讀者從摘要中可獲得作者的主要研究活動(dòng)、研究方法和主要結(jié)果及結(jié)論。 摘要一般分為兩類：信息性摘要和指示性摘要。當(dāng)今組絕大部分的科技期刊和會(huì)議論文都要求作者提供信息性摘要。信息性摘要Informative Abstract 主要報(bào)道論文的研究目的、研究方法、研究結(jié)果及結(jié)論。通常應(yīng)提供盡可能多的定量或定性信息，能定量表達(dá)的一定要全部定量化，要充分反映論文的創(chuàng)新之處。指示性摘要Descriptive Abstract 主要介紹論文的論題，或者

4、概括表述研究的目的。不需要介紹方法、結(jié)果、結(jié)論的具體內(nèi)容，也不需要用數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行定量描述。論文各基本組成部分的寫作第3頁/共17頁1243研究的過程及采用的方法Process and Methods主要結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)Results主要結(jié)論和推論Conclusion研究的目的Objective or purpose 摘要的要素 Abstract（摘要） 論文各基本組成部分的寫作第4頁/共17頁用詞規(guī)范概括完整篇幅短小語言精練獨(dú)立成文摘要的特點(diǎn)內(nèi)容具體 Abstract（摘要） 論文各基本組成部分的寫作 一般來說，較短的論文，摘要不超過正文的5%，較長的大概為3%。另外不同期刊對(duì)摘要長度有不同的要求。語言

5、上必須精而又精，盡量避免列舉例證等需要在正文中涉及的細(xì)節(jié)。 行文不能口 語化，盡量 避免非通用 的縮略語，不使用表達(dá)主觀態(tài)度的第一人稱。概括論文的目的方法成果和結(jié)論，不能只是簡單的對(duì)標(biāo)題加以擴(kuò)展。論文的每一個(gè)論點(diǎn)都要具體鮮明的表達(dá)出來。摘要是整篇論文的縮影，簡短明了，即便不閱讀全文也能掌握同論文一樣多的主要信息。第5頁/共17頁用詞的準(zhǔn)確性例1: the attenuation caused by the quartz optical fiber is lightlight (?) negligible ()例2: the radiation signal will be projected

6、to the detector of the spectroscopy. spectroscopy (?) Spectrometer ()例3：無干擾的測(cè)量方法 non-contact measurement method (?) non-intrusive measurement method ()詞匯第6頁/共17頁 用詞的多樣性 例1: 如圖一所示 XXX was shown/plotted/illustrated/depicted in Fig.1. 例2: 做實(shí)驗(yàn) The experiments were done/performed/carried out 例3: 用儀器 A de

7、vice was used/employed/utilized 例4: 計(jì)算得到結(jié)果 The results were calculated/determined/obtained詞匯第7頁/共17頁 句子間連接副詞1.However 2.Therefore3.Hence4.Moreover 摘要中常用動(dòng)詞1.was studied2.was investigated3.was introduced4.was proposed常用詞匯 概述結(jié)果1.prove2.show that 3.reveal4.indicate 與一致1.consistent2.in good agreement wit

8、h3.accord with4.match quite well to第8頁/共17頁常見句型圖/表相關(guān)1.句尾加(Fig./Table.) 2.As shown in .3.XXX shows that4.It is shown that.5.It reveals that.6.It can be observed that. 常見句型I第9頁/共17頁 定義1. means that2. refers to 3. is considered to be 分類1.It can be divided (subdivided) into 2.It can be classified as 問題的

9、相關(guān)性 This is a problem concerned with/concerning/related to /dealing with/ relating to.常見句型II第10頁/共17頁 We can not get the real spectra from the spectrometer directly.1.We? 請(qǐng)不要出現(xiàn)第一人稱，使用第三人稱2.real? 用詞不欠當(dāng) The absolute spectra can not be obtained from the spectrometer directly.例句I第11頁/共17頁 In terms of tr

10、ansient calorimetric, the measurement process takes too much time and it is troubled to make the sample before measurement.1.Too much time?2.Trouble?3.Make the sample? In terms of transient calorimetric, the measurement process is time consuming and it is difficult to prepare the sample before measu

11、rement. 用詞的專業(yè)性！例句II第12頁/共17頁 In this way, a laser of wave length 532nm is applied to illuminate the sample cell which contains nanoparticles with nominal sizes; A CCD camera was set in the scattering angle = 45 to receive the spatial distribution of scattered light. 時(shí)態(tài)的一致性 In the image DLS method, a

12、 laser at 532nm was applied to illuminate the sample cell which contained nanoparticles with nominal sizes; A CCD camera was placed in the scattering angle () of 45 to receive the spatial distribution of scattered light.例句III第13頁/共17頁 It shows that the spectral curves measured directly by the spectrometer are very different from the theoretical ones, but the corrected ones are nearly the same It can be used for in-line measurements and has a relatively higher upper temperature limit .定量而不只是定性！例句IV第14頁/共17頁 避免冗長的句子