初中語(yǔ)法之名詞

1、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1 1、掌握可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)（包括掌握可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)（包括 單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則 變化）；變化）；2 2、掌握不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量關(guān)系的表達(dá)；掌握不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量關(guān)系的表達(dá)；3 3、掌握名詞所有格的用法、構(gòu)成以及掌握名詞所有格的用法、構(gòu)成以及 雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)；雙重所有格結(jié)構(gòu)；4 4、掌握名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法；掌握名詞作定語(yǔ)的用法；5 5、掌握名詞在語(yǔ)境中的詞義辨析。掌握名詞在語(yǔ)境中的詞義辨析。一、一、翻譯以下中考中用來(lái)修飾名詞及名詞與其它詞類(lèi)組成的習(xí)慣翻譯以下中考中用來(lái)修飾名詞及名詞與其它詞類(lèi)組成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配。用語(yǔ)或固定搭配。a few（修

2、飾可數(shù)名詞）（修飾可數(shù)名詞）a little（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）（修飾不可數(shù)名詞）a kind of（表達(dá)名詞種類(lèi)）（表達(dá)名詞種類(lèi)）a lot of = lots of（修飾（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）do ones（名詞所有格）（名詞所有格） homework（不可數(shù)名詞）（不可數(shù)名詞）a pair of（表達(dá)名詞的數(shù)量）（表達(dá)名詞的數(shù)量）a piece of（表達(dá)名詞的數(shù)量）（表達(dá)名詞的數(shù)量）課前準(zhǔn)備課前準(zhǔn)備1. 一些，少量一些，少量（修飾（修飾可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）名詞） 2. 一點(diǎn)，少許一點(diǎn)，少許（修飾（修飾不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞）名詞） 3. 一種，一類(lèi)一種，一類(lèi)4. 許多，大量許多，

3、大量（修飾（修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞）名詞） 5. 一雙，一副一雙，一副6. 一塊，一張，一片一塊，一張，一片7. 做家庭作業(yè)做家庭作業(yè)課前準(zhǔn)備課前準(zhǔn)備8. 犯錯(cuò)誤犯錯(cuò)誤9. 與與交朋友交朋友10. 下決心下決心11. 挽救某人的生命挽救某人的生命12. 及時(shí)，來(lái)得及及時(shí)，來(lái)得及13. 半小時(shí)半小時(shí)14. 吃早餐（吃午餐，吃早餐（吃午餐，吃晚餐）吃晚餐）15. 例如例如make a mistake / make mistakes（可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)）（可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)）make friends（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）（可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)） withmake up ones mind（不可數(shù)名詞）（不可數(shù)名

4、詞）save ones（名詞所有格）（名詞所有格） life（不可數(shù)名詞）（不可數(shù)名詞）一、一、翻譯以下中考中用來(lái)修飾名詞及名詞與其它詞類(lèi)組成的習(xí)慣翻譯以下中考中用來(lái)修飾名詞及名詞與其它詞類(lèi)組成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)或固定搭配。用語(yǔ)或固定搭配。in time（不可數(shù)名詞）（不可數(shù)名詞）half an hour（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）have/eat breakfast, lunch, dinner（不可數(shù)名詞）（不可數(shù)名詞）for example（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）課前準(zhǔn)備課前準(zhǔn)備二、二、完成以下完成以下2013年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題。年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞

5、考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題?！?013重慶重慶】1. excuse me, where did you get the book? i borrowed it from the_ a. cinema blibrary c. park d. station【2013永州永州】2. i like _. they are healthy food. a. tomatos b. tomato c. tomatoes【2013茂名茂名】3. in autumn there are a lot of _ on the ground. a. leaf b. leafs c. leaves【2013達(dá)州達(dá)州】4. wo

6、uld you like some _ ? oh, yes, just a little. a. apples b. carrot c. pears d. chicken課前準(zhǔn)備課前準(zhǔn)備二、二、完成以下完成以下2013年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題。年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題?！?013遂寧遂寧】5. im so hungry. please give me to eat. a. three bread b. three pieces of bread c. three pieces of breads【2013隨州隨州】6. how far is your c

7、ousins home from here? its about two_ ride. a. hours b. hours c. hours d. hour【2013賀州賀州】7. look at the man over there. he is _ uncle. a. jims and tims b. jims and tim c. jim and tim d. jim and tims課前準(zhǔn)備課前準(zhǔn)備二、二、完成以下完成以下2013年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題。年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題?！?013威海威?！?. _ fathers cant go to

8、 the class meeting because they have gone to business. a. jack and mikes b. jacks and mikes c. jack and mike d. jacks and mike【2013濱州濱州】9. do you think the _ of this skirt suits me? of course! you always look beautiful in red. （選項(xiàng)根據(jù)重慶市中考要求有改動(dòng)）（選項(xiàng)根據(jù)重慶市中考要求有改動(dòng)） a. size b. shape c. price d. color課前準(zhǔn)備課前

9、準(zhǔn)備二、二、完成以下完成以下2013年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題。年全國(guó)各地中考試題中關(guān)于名詞考點(diǎn)的單項(xiàng)選擇題?！?013青島青島】10. where are the _ students? they are playing football with _ students from hilltop school. a. boys，/ b. boys, the c. boy, / d. boy, the【2013牡丹江牡丹江】11. all the _ enjoyed themselves on march 8th because it was their own holida

10、y. a. men workers b. women workers c. woman workers課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1. 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化book - books直接加直接加se.g. hat hats pen pens hour hours cat cats number numbers bird birds 課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1. 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化box - boxes加加ese.g. bus buses dish dishes watch watches wish wi

11、shes總結(jié)：總結(jié)：以以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的，加結(jié)尾的，加es課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1. 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化baby - babies變變y為為i, 加加ese.g. family families city cities lady ladies總結(jié)：總結(jié)：以以輔音字母輔音字母加加y結(jié)尾的，變結(jié)尾的，變y為為i加加es課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1. 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化hero - heroes加加ese.g. tomato tomatoes potato potatoes negro

12、negroes總結(jié)：總結(jié)：初中階段，以初中階段，以o結(jié)尾加結(jié)尾加es的只有以上四的只有以上四個(gè)單詞；其余以個(gè)單詞；其余以o結(jié)尾的直接加結(jié)尾的直接加s；可記口訣：；可記口訣：“黑人黑人”“”“英雄英雄”愛(ài)吃愛(ài)吃“土豆土豆”“”“西紅柿西紅柿”。課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞1. 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化life - lives變變fe為為vese.g. wife wives knife knives thief thieves self selves總結(jié)：總結(jié)：以以f或或fe結(jié)尾的，變結(jié)尾的，變f或或fe為為vesleaf - leaves變變f為為ves課

13、堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞2. 復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化foottoothchildmousemanwoman feetteethchildrenmicemenwomen 課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞3. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep, japanese, chinese課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納一、一、可數(shù)可數(shù)名詞名詞4.可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ)可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ) few, a few, many, several, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, som

14、e, any二、不可數(shù)名詞二、不可數(shù)名詞1.可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ)可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ) little, a little, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, any可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞兩者兩者不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞 few, a few, many several a lot of, lots of, plenty ofsome, any little, a little, much可以修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ)可以修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞的單詞或短語(yǔ) 課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納二、二、不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞名詞2.

15、用用“數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+量詞量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞”來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量 a piece of papera bottle of milka cup of coffeea bag of ricetwo pieces of papersome bottles of milkthree cups of coffeeseveral bags of rice課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納三、名詞所有格三、名詞所有格1. s 所有格所有格a. 一般的名詞一般的名詞，包括，包括不以不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，在詞后加，在詞后加s如：如： b. 以以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名

16、詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式只在詞后加的所有格形式只在詞后加如：如： c. 兩者或兩者以上兩者或兩者以上共有的共有的所有格形式只在后者用所有格形式所有格形式只在后者用所有格形式如如: 若表示若表示分別擁有分別擁有時(shí)，則要在每個(gè)名詞后用所有格形式時(shí)，則要在每個(gè)名詞后用所有格形式如如: my fathers car, mikes brother, todays newspaperten minutes walk, teachers day, the twins bedroomtom and jims desk a and bs +名詞單數(shù)toms and jims desks as and bs

17、+名詞復(fù)數(shù)課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納三、名詞所有格三、名詞所有格2. of 所有格所有格一幅中國(guó)地圖一幅中國(guó)地圖房間的窗戶(hù)房間的窗戶(hù)我的一本書(shū)我的一本書(shū)mary的一條裙子的一條裙子a map of chinathe windows of the roomone of my booksone of marys skirts雙重所有格雙重所有格課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納三、名詞所有格三、名詞所有格3. 其他用法其他用法 名詞所有格表處所名詞所有格表處所at the doctors在醫(yī)生候診室在醫(yī)生候診室用在時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家等無(wú)生命的東西的名詞用在時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家等無(wú)生命

18、的東西的名詞后加后加 s構(gòu)成所有格構(gòu)成所有格ten minutes walk十分鐘的路程十分鐘的路程two miles distance 兩英里的距離兩英里的距離somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody ,no one 等不等不定代詞與定代詞與else連用，連用，“s”應(yīng)加在應(yīng)加在else后面后面somebody elses pencil課堂活動(dòng)課堂活動(dòng)小組總結(jié)歸納小組總結(jié)歸納四、名詞做四、名詞做定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式的：定語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式的： 定語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的：定語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的：an apple tree, two boy students, a man work

19、er, a woman workertwo women teachers, three men teachers 總結(jié)：總結(jié)：1、a +名詞名詞+名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 2、名詞、名詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 做定語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)做定語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)第第2種情況，種情況，man, woman例外，要變?yōu)槔?，要變?yōu)閙en, women當(dāng)堂反饋當(dāng)堂反饋【2009重慶重慶】1. mr. white has a beautiful garden with many _ in it. a. flowers b. grass c. villages d. water【2009重慶重慶】2. how far is your co

20、usins home from here? its about two _ drive. a. hours b. hours c. hours d. hour【2010重慶重慶】3. something is wrong with my _. i cant see anything around me. a. nose b. ears c. eyes d. mouth【2011重慶重慶】4. could you please get me some _? im hungry. a. apple b. water c. breadd. egg當(dāng)堂反饋當(dāng)堂反饋【2012重慶重慶】5. bill,

21、whats your sisters favorite _. she likes volleyball best. a. food b. color c. sport d. movie【2013臺(tái)州臺(tái)州】6. i want to see the movie iron man 3 (鋼鐵鋼鐵3). do you know the _ of the ticket? yes. five dollars. a. numberb. price c. kindd. name【2013萊蕪萊蕪】7. lisa was so careless that she made many spelling _ in

22、her homework. a. plans b. decisions c. grades d. mistakes當(dāng)堂反饋當(dāng)堂反饋【2013黔西南州黔西南州】8. how many_ are there in your school ? twenty . a. woman teachers b. woman teacher c. women teacher d. women teachers【2013廣安廣安】9. whose room is this? its _ a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lilys c. lucys and lilys【2013龍東龍東】1

23、0. the students give their best wishes to the teachers on _. a. the teachers day b. teachers day c. teachers day【2013 黃岡黃岡】11. what would you like to drink, girls? _ please. a. two glass of water b. two glass of waters c. two cups of tea d. two cups of teas能力提升能力提升1.（2013重慶中考重慶中考a卷完形填空）卷完形填空） im ver

24、y glad to tell you that great 42 have taken place in our school this term. a. changes b. things c. interests d. lessons2.（2013重慶中考重慶中考b卷完形填空）卷完形填空） she thought 41 was really difficult and wanted to copy judys homework. but she refused. they didnt talk to each other for a few days. alice didnt know h

25、ow（原（原42題）題）to face her maths problem and she wondered is she could get on well with her friend again. a. chinese b. maths c. science d. physics3.（2013重慶中考重慶中考b卷完形填空）卷完形填空）then she took out some 46 and gave it to him. to her surprise, the boy asked her to take the money back. he explained that he wa

26、snt making money by playing the violin. a. music b. money c. food d. work能力提升能力提升4.（2012重慶中考完形填空）重慶中考完形填空） li is not alone. many middle school students now have the same 44 : they can talk about their ideas freely with（原（原45題）題）their best friends after class, but cant speak in public. a. answer b, s

27、ubject c. problem d. question5.（2012重慶中考完形填空）重慶中考完形填空） zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their 47 , such as speech competitions, english corners and class discussions. a. mouths b. eyes c. minds d. hearts6.（2011重慶中考完形填空）重慶中考完形填空） dont think you are too old to go back to 48 . i k