過去分詞作定語和表語GrammarPPT課件

1、 a lighted candle一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭a used stamp一枚用過的郵票Translation第1頁/共38頁a broken coin一枚破損的硬幣一名退休教師a retired teacher第2頁/共38頁an injured finger一個(gè)受傷的手指一個(gè)醉鬼a drunken/ drunk man第3頁/共38頁基本形式和意義 過去分詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式， 表示完成和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。它在句子中可以充當(dāng)定語、 表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語，不可以單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語。過去分詞的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞+-ed”+-ed”，也有不規(guī)則的形式。The Past Participle第4頁/共38頁

2、- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy?- He has got the first prize in the contest.- No wonder he is excited!Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.第5頁/共38頁1. 單個(gè)過去分詞或由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語時(shí)，通常置于被修飾的名詞之前；當(dāng)修飾不定代詞時(shí)，放在不定代詞之后。 表示被動(dòng)或完成意義。過去分詞作定語第6頁/共38頁例如：1) an honored guest a retir

3、ed teacher 2) Everybody invited is expected to arrive at least 15 minutes early.3) The Great Wall is a well-known tourist attractionLeave的過去分詞left表示“剩下的，剩余的”時(shí)候，常置于被修飾詞之后。如： Dont worry. There is half an hour left.第7頁/共38頁2. 過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例如： For breakfast he only drinks juice from

4、the fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 分析：grown on his farm 相當(dāng)于限定性定語從句 which/ that are grown on his own farm第8頁/共38頁The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recor

5、ded分析： digitally recorded in the studio 相當(dāng)于非限定性定語從句 which is digitally recorded in the studio第9頁/共38頁e.g. The books written by Lu Xun are popular Well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago With the governments aid, those affected by t h e e a r t h q u a k e h a v e m o v e d t o t h e

6、n e w settlements. 第10頁/共38頁3. 一些不及物動(dòng)詞也有過去分詞形式。由于不及物動(dòng)詞不可以直接加賓語，所以其過去分詞作定語時(shí)只表示完成，沒有被動(dòng)意義。例如： fallen leaves the risen sun the advanced countries a retired teacher newly-arrived goods 第11頁/共38頁 動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語和 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語有什么區(qū)別呢？第12頁/共38頁1 1）語態(tài)不同）語態(tài)不同-ing表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；-ed表被動(dòng)、完成表被動(dòng)、完成the falling leaves 落葉（正往下

7、落的)the fallen leaves 落葉（已落到地面的)the changing worldthe changed world（正在變化的）（變化了的）第13頁/共38頁boiling waterboiled water（正在沸騰的) )（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）fading flowers faded flowers( (正在凋謝的) )（已經(jīng)凋謝的）a developing countrya developed country( (發(fā)展中的) )（發(fā)達(dá)的）第14頁/共38頁 2）時(shí)間關(guān)系不同）時(shí)間關(guān)系不同-ing 表示表示“正在正在 進(jìn)行進(jìn)行”或或“與謂語動(dòng)詞同與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行”或或“

8、經(jīng)常性經(jīng)常性”。-ed 表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作。表示動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作。Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? “Cant you read?”Mary said, angrily pointing to the notice.The house built about 50 years ago was damaged in an earthquake.第15頁/共38頁 3）及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式都可表示被動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式都可表示被動(dòng), , 但但-ed表示表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)

9、作, , 而而being done多表多表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 The problem discussed yesterday has something to do with us. The problem being discussed now has something to do with us. The building being built is our library.第16頁/共38頁1. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playin

10、g B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 第17頁/共38頁簡析: 首先, 根據(jù)語法分析可知, 待選部分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games的后置分詞短語; 再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 play 來說只能是被動(dòng)承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此, 該題應(yīng)選C。第18頁/共38頁2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析: 該題應(yīng)

11、選B。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng), 等于定語從句 which is spoken。第19頁/共38頁3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited簡析: 該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng), 等于定語從句who were invited。第20頁/共38頁4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the stud

12、ents in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后, 可以用非限制性定語從句“which was opened last year”代替。第21頁/共38頁5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written

13、D. written 簡析: 該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng), 等于定語從句thatwere written。第22頁/共38頁 另外, 分詞作狀語時(shí), 如果其邏輯主語與整個(gè)句子的主語不一致時(shí),需要獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或 with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)來替代。(此時(shí), 也可把該分詞看成介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。)第23頁/共38頁例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡析: 很顯然, 待選部分的邏輯主語是 his h

14、ands, 而不是句子的主語 The murderer,而 his hands 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 tie來說, 只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此, 該題應(yīng)選D。 第24頁/共38頁1. 過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點(diǎn)或 所處的狀態(tài)，與被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，主要是 表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞 其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。 如： Everyone present was very inspired at his speech 聽了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了驚嚇。過去分詞作表語第25頁/共38頁過去分詞作表語，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容

15、詞；被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，句子主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by。 例如： This shop is closed (狀態(tài)) This shop is closed by the local government. (動(dòng)作)2. 過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu) 與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別第26頁/共38頁 3. 3.一些表示情感的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞以及其他一些詞的過去分詞常作表語。除了與bebe連用之外，也可以與appear, become, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem等系動(dòng)詞連用。 第27頁/共38頁可以用作表語的常見的過去分詞有： connected crowded co

16、vered gone tired delighted disappointed upset surprised pleased astonished excited frightened experienced interested qualified puzzled exhausted satisfied drunk known married lost separated amused worried broken第28頁/共38頁Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.1. 丟了錢他自責(zé)不已。

17、He _ about losing the money.2. 你為什么總是看上很疲勞？這些日子睡 得好嗎？Why do you always _ ? Do you sleep well these days?got blamedlook so tired第29頁/共38頁3. 我對(duì)昨晚看的電影很失望。我原以為它 能好些。 I _ the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.4. 聽說那位明星死了，人人都很驚訝。Everybody _to hear the death of the famous film starwas d

18、isappointed withwas shocked第30頁/共38頁5. 要去動(dòng)物園了，孩子們非常興奮。 The children _ going to the zoo6. 他的傷口感染了一種新病毒。His wound _ a new virusare really excited aboutbecame infected with第31頁/共38頁1. _ in the traffic accident _ taken to hospital. A. An injured, was B. The injured, has C. The injuring, were D. The injured, have beenChoose the best answer.第32頁/共38頁2. The girl _ forward to buying a new gold watch. A. referred to look