2022年從高考題談動(dòng)名詞作主語和賓語

1、從高考題談動(dòng)名詞作主語和賓語1動(dòng)名詞作主語例： 1.-what do you think made mary so upset ？-_ her new bicycle. （1997 上海）a.as she lostblost closingdbecause of losing解析：答案c。losing 在此為動(dòng)名詞，與her new bicycle 構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語在句中作主語。該題可以理解為： losing her new bicycle made mary so upset 1.在下面的句型中，it 是形式主語， v-ing 形式作真正的主語。1)its no usegoodv-ing如：i

2、ts no good smoking, you d better give it up its no use arguing with him 2)it s a waste of time / so nice/ foolish interesting / doing sth.it s a waste of time waiting here.it s so nice talking to you. 2.v-ing 形式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。learning new words is very useful to me writing headlines in english is not a

3、n easy job 動(dòng)名詞作賓語1）有些動(dòng)詞后只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：admit，advise，finish, avoid ，escape, delay， consider,dislike, mind, suggest ，enjoy， miss , practise，imagine， appreciate（感激） ,risk(冒險(xiǎn) )等等。2.our monitor suggested _a discussion of this subject. (85)ato have b should have chavedhaving 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - -

4、 - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -key: d 2）有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但意思不同。這類動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞詞組常見的有： stop，forget，remember，try，mean， go on，regret, cant help 等等。1）go on to do 接著做（另一件事）go on doing 繼續(xù)做（同一件事）2）stop to do 停下來去做； stop doing 停止做3）remember to do 記住要做； remember doing 記得曾做過4)cant help to do 不能

5、幫助做；cant help doing 情不自禁地做4）forget to do 忘記要做； forget doing 忘了曾經(jīng)做過5）regret to do 很遺憾抱歉地去做；regret doing 后悔做了6）try to do 努力做； try doing 試著做7）mean to do 打算做； mean doing 意味著做3.you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-well， now i regret _that.(95 ) ato dobto be doing cto have doned havin

6、g done 解析：答案d。本句意為：我現(xiàn)在后悔在會(huì)上提出了反對(duì)意見。表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情“后悔”應(yīng)用 regret doing having done 3.you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting -well， now i regret _that.(95 ) ato dobto be doing cto have donedhaving done 解析：答案d。本句意為：我現(xiàn)在后悔在會(huì)上提出了反對(duì)意見。表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情“后悔”應(yīng)用 regret doing having done 3）動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，常用在含

7、有某些介詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞之后，這類常見的短語動(dòng)詞有：insist on, think of, feel like (cf. would like to do sth.)，set about (cf. set out to do sth.) ，be fond of ，look forward to(cf. look forward 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -to do sth. )， pay attention to，get used to，give up , devote t

8、o，put off ,succeed in, have difficulty in, get down to(開始著手做 ) 等等。例： she looks forward every spring to _the flower-lined garden （1995 上海）avisit b paying a visit cwalk in d walking in 解析：答案d。look forward to doing sth是固定用法，故排除a、c 項(xiàng)。 b 項(xiàng)在 visit 后加 to 才正確，所以應(yīng)排除。cf. the letter that i was looking forward

9、to _ at last. a. comingb. camec. comed. being come key: b 4）動(dòng)名詞在need，want，require，be worth 后接賓語，常以主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)意義. cf. be worthy of being done/ to be done this book is worthy of being read / to be read.need/ want/ require doing sth / to be done ( 需要做 )eg. my bike needs repairing / to be repaired. 5）perm

10、it, allow, forbid, require( 要求 )doing sth./ sb to do sth. 跟人作賓語后，必須用不定式作補(bǔ)語。例如：this room won t allow smoking. 在這間屋里不準(zhǔn)吸煙。we do not allow anybody to smoke here. 這里不許吸煙。例：what do you think of the book ？-oh，excellentits worth _a second time ato readbto be read creadingdbeing read key: c 6)有些動(dòng)詞后可跟不定式和v-in

11、g 形式作賓語，意義差別不大。1）在 like, love, hate, prefer 等動(dòng)詞后， v-ing 形式表示經(jīng)常性、 概括性的動(dòng)作， 不定式表示具體的、特定的某一次動(dòng)作。如：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -she likes singing, but she doesnt like to sing today 7)在 begin, start, continue 后跟 v-ing 形式和不定式作賓語沒有區(qū)別，但start， begin 本身為進(jìn)行式或后接realize,

12、 wonder, understand等心理活動(dòng)的詞時(shí)，常用不定式作賓語。如：i began to realize that i was wrong 3動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)名詞有一般式和完成式。它的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作或是與句中謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生；而它的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作則一般發(fā)生在句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。例 1：while shopping ，people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need （1996 上海）ato persuade b persuading cb

13、eing persuaded d be persuaded 解析：答案c。根據(jù)句意，cant help 是“抑制不磚賓語。在此句中，people 與 persuade之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。例 2:tony was very unhappy for _ to the party （2000 上海）ahaving not been invited b not having invitedchaving not invited dnot having been invited 解析：答案d。動(dòng)名詞的否定式作介詞的賓語。由于tony 未被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)谙龋桓吲d在后，所以采用了完成式的形式。

14、4動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語時(shí)，名詞可用普通格代替所有格，代詞可用賓格形式代替形容詞性物主代詞。eg. i don t like you/ your/ tom / tom s being late.但是動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，只能用your / toms being late 形式。例:what worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital （1998 上海）ahis not allowing bhis not being allowed 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - -

15、 - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 6 頁 - - - - - - - - -chis being not allowed dhaving not been allowed 解析：答案b。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式應(yīng)把否定詞not 放在物主代詞之后、動(dòng)名詞之前。child和 allow 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以就用其被動(dòng)式。覃幾個(gè)重要的句型：1.there is no use / good doing sth. 2.there is no + 動(dòng)名詞there is no joking about such matter. 這事開不得玩笑。三. 用 to do 而不用 v-ing 作定語的情形一

16、)所修飾的詞為desire, effort, failure, promise 等she made a promise to come and help us二)所修飾的名詞前有the first lastnext， the only 和 the best，the most 等序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾語. who was the last one to leave the room last night she is always the first to get to work 三)所修飾的名詞與定語間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系i have some clothes to wash tonight she

17、gave him a piece of paper to write on 四)所修飾的名詞與定語有主謂關(guān)系i need someone to type the letters for meyou must find a person to look after your house for you while you are away五)所修飾的名詞與定語有同位關(guān)系at that time women had no right to vote they got the order to leave the city yesterday 六)定語表示的是尚未發(fā)生的將來動(dòng)作the building to be built is a laboratory some goods to be