Themeparks-LearningaboutLanguage同步學(xué)案

1、Period TwoLearning about Language構(gòu)詞法在英語中，構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成，轉(zhuǎn)化和派生。一、合成(compounding)由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞，有的用連字符號“­”連接，有的直接寫在一起，還有的由分開的兩個詞構(gòu)成。常見的合成詞由以下幾種方式合成：1合成名詞構(gòu)成方式例詞名詞名詞 salesgirl女售貨員 chairman主席名詞動詞 daybreak黎明 sunset日落名詞動名詞 handwriting書法名詞及物動詞er/or painkiller止痛藥 bookseller書商名詞介詞名詞 editor­in­chief總

2、編輯 father­in­law岳父；公公動詞名詞 typewriter打字機代詞名詞 she­tiger母老虎動名詞名詞 swimming pool游泳池現(xiàn)在分詞名詞 flying fish飛魚形容詞名詞 greenhouse溫室副詞動詞 outbreak爆發(fā) outcome后果 output出口副詞名詞 outside外面2合成形容詞名詞形容詞 snow­white雪白的名詞現(xiàn)在分詞 Chinese­speaking講漢語的 man­eating吃人的名詞to名詞 door­to­door挨家挨戶的 face&

3、#173;to­face面對面的名詞過去分詞 snow­covered被雪覆蓋的數(shù)詞名詞 one­way單行的 five­star五星級的數(shù)詞名詞­ed three­legged三條腿的 10­storeyed/10­storied十層(樓)的數(shù)詞名詞單數(shù)形容詞 two­year­old兩歲的動詞副詞 see­through透明的形容詞名詞 superman超人形容詞名詞­ed kind­hearted善良的；仁慈的形容詞形容詞 light blue淺藍(lán)色的 dar

4、k blue深藍(lán)色的形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞 ordinary­looking相貌平平的副詞形容詞 evergreen常青的 easy­going易相處的副詞現(xiàn)在分詞 hard­working勤勞的副詞過去分詞 well­known著名的副詞名詞 fast food2 / 15 專門提供快餐服務(wù)的介詞名詞 downtown城市商業(yè)區(qū)的3合成動詞名詞動詞 sleepwalk夢游形容詞動詞 whitewash石灰水，白涂料副詞動詞 overburden使負(fù)擔(dān)過重 overcome克服4合成副詞形容詞名詞 hotfoot匆忙地 anyway無論如何形容詞副詞 anywh

5、ere無論何處 anyhow無論如何副詞副詞 however盡管如此介詞名詞 overhead在頭頂上介詞副詞 forever永遠(yuǎn)5合成代詞代詞賓格self/selves himself/themselves形容詞性物主代詞self/selves myself/ourselves形容詞名詞 nothing沒有東西6合成介詞副詞名詞 outside在外面介詞副詞 without沒有 within在之內(nèi)副詞介詞 into進(jìn)入二、轉(zhuǎn)化(conversion)將一個單詞由某種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一詞類或幾種詞類，這種構(gòu)詞法叫轉(zhuǎn)化。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與未轉(zhuǎn)化前的意義有密切的聯(lián)系。1名詞和動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化tele

6、phone電話打電話drink喝飲料watch手表觀看，注視rain雨下雨另外，還有book，date，hand，fish，milk，name，nurse，ship，swim，water等。2形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞slow慢減速better較好的改善close緊密的關(guān)閉perfect完美的使完善3名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞/副詞downtown市中心，城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)中心位于鬧市區(qū)的(adj.)；向(在)城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)中心區(qū)(adv.)4形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞chief主要的首領(lǐng) light輕的光線5動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞take a walk散步have a try試試cover n蓋子，封面；v.覆蓋6其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞Medici

7、ne is a must for the flooded area.必需品His life is full of ups_and_downs.曲折，波折三、派生(derivation)由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞。1前綴除少數(shù)前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變詞性，而不引起詞義的變化。(1)表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis­，il­，im­，in­，ir­，mis­，non­，un­等，在單詞的前面加這類前綴常常構(gòu)成與該詞意義相反的新詞。appear出現(xiàn)disappear消失cover

8、蓋uncover揭去覆蓋物/discover揭露correct正確的incorrect不正確的proper恰當(dāng)?shù)膇mproper不恰當(dāng)?shù)膌ead帶領(lǐng)mislead領(lǐng)錯understand 理解misunderstand誤解(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有a­(多構(gòu)成表語形容詞)，anti­(反對；抵抗)，auto­(自動)，co­(共同)，en­(使)，inter­(互相)，re­(再；又)，sub­(下面的；次；小)，tele­(強調(diào)距離)等。alone單獨的anti­gas防毒氣的autoc

9、hart自動圖表 cooperate合作enlarge擴大 international國際的rewrite改寫，重寫 subway地鐵television電視 multicultural多文化的2后綴­ableaccept接受acceptable可接受的­al arrive到達(dá) arrival到達(dá)­er swim游泳 swimmer游泳者­or act表演 actor(男)演員­ress act表演 actress(女)演員­ist chemistry化學(xué) chemist化學(xué)家 art藝術(shù) artist藝術(shù)家­ian Rus

10、sia俄國，俄羅斯 Russian俄國人，俄羅斯人­ism capital資本 capitalism資本主義 ideal理想 idealism理想主義­ment move運動，移動 movement運動­ness happy高興的 happiness高興­tion/ act行動 action動作­ation pronounce發(fā)音 pronunciation發(fā)音­ship scholar學(xué)者 scholarship學(xué)者身份；獎學(xué)金­ce important重要的 importance重要性.單詞拼寫1Our team won

11、 the championship in the basketball tournaments (聯(lián)賽)2The garden city attracts many tourists.3The school athletic meeting is to be held next Tuesday.4We soon saw the impossibility (不可能)of reaching the city before midnight.5They were the earliest settlers (定居者)in America.6The town was destroyed by the

12、 earthquake (地震)7Youd better spend your time on some worthwhile (值得的)reading.8They prepared (準(zhǔn)備)themselves for the worst.9His room was in disorder (混亂)10You mustnt overwork (工作過度)yourself.用括號中單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1They have succeeded in sending the satellite into space.(success)2The adventurer(冒險者)gave a friend

13、ly smile to all those who came to greet him.(friend)3You must do the exercises carefully.(care)4It will be difficult to drive a motor car through such a storm.(difficulty)5English is widely used in the world.(wide)6The boy showed great bravery in fighting the enemy.(brave)7He was so kind that he gav

14、e me many storybooks.(kindness)8The book had been sold out when I got to the bookstore.(sale)9The Frenchman went to a chemist shop to get some medicine for his cough.(chemical)10The book is very interesting.I am interested in it.(interest).完成句子1Two_Englishmen_and_three_Germans (兩個英國人和三個德國人)attended

15、the meeting.2In Britain letter_boxes (信箱)are all painted red.3He found a lot of passers­by (過路人)were grown­ups (成年人)4She is the only one among women_writers (女作家中)who writes (寫)stories for children.5My sister has two toothbrushes (牙刷)6We have two iron_works (鐵廠)in our town and a new chemic

16、al_works (化工廠)is to open soon.7She broke a wine_glass (酒杯)while washing up.8Two­ninths ()of the students in our class are from the north.9I have to write a two­thousand­word_composition (2 000字的作文)every other week.10The man is the only survivor (幸存者)of the car accident.根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，猜測下列各題中劃線

17、單詞的最佳含義1He has invented a sun­powered car which is very friendly to the environment.A以太陽能為動力的 B白天開的C明亮的 D像太陽的答案A2I have rented a house in the city center，and my landlady is very kind to me.A姑娘 B妻子 C女上司 D女房東答案D3She is a very short­sighted girl and she cant consider the interest of the futur

18、e at all.A近視眼的 B目光短淺的 C睫毛短的 D小眼睛的答案B4This dictionary is of great use.I think spending five yuan on it is very cost­effective.A明智的 B聰明的 C劃算的 D合理的答案C5Dont do it until the last moment.You should do it beforehand.A以前 B用左手 C用右手 D事先答案D6Perhaps she cant be admitted into a medical university because sh

19、e is color­blind.A色盲的 B瞎的 C色弱的 D成績差的答案A7If you are still having a headache，take this_painkiller.A殺蟲劑 B止痛藥 C安眠藥 D暈車藥答案B8As we all know，most glass is usually see­through.A看得見的 B明亮的 C光明的 D透明的答案D9This is an evergreen tree.I like it very much.A綠的 B曾經(jīng)綠的 C常青的 D漂亮的答案C10You are absent­minded a

20、gain.Please listen to the teacher carefully.A心不在焉的 B缺席的 C空虛的 D昏昏欲睡的答案A.單項填空1The early _ of Australia lived on the east coast of the continent.Asettlers Bperformers Ctranslators Ddivers答案A解析考查名詞詞義辨析。句意為：澳大利亞的早期移民定居在大陸的東海岸。settler移民者，符合題意。performer表演者；translator翻譯者；diver潛水者。2I havent heard from Sam fo

21、r a long time.Have you seen him _？Alatest Blately Clater Dlatter答案B解析考查詞義辨析。latest adj.最新的；lately adv.最近；later adv.以后；latter n后者。從問句中的現(xiàn)在完成時看出只能用時間副詞lately，因為它常用于現(xiàn)在完成時。3_，Tom met his girlfriend and talked about _ problems.AEveryday；everyday BEvery day；every dayCEveryday；every day DEvery day；everyday答

22、案D解析考查近義詞辨析。every day每天，作狀語；everyday adj.日常的，作定語。兩個空結(jié)合起來，只有D項符合。4Word came _ Chinas first spacewalk was a great success.Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhen答案A解析考查同位語從句。句意為：有消息傳來，中國首次太空行走是一個極大的成功。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，只起連接作用，但不可省略。5I got a lot of _ from looking at these pictures in the museum.Asatisfaction Bsat

23、isfy Csatisfying Dsatisfied答案A解析考查詞性。A項是名詞；B項是動詞；C、D兩項是形容詞。a lot of修飾名詞，只能選A項。6You must put your heart into your studies.Dont be _ in class.Aabsent­mind Babsent­minding Cabsent­minded Dabsence­minded答案C解析考查“形容詞名詞­ed”構(gòu)成的合成形容詞，如noble­minded高尚的，good­tempered脾氣好的，故選C項，

24、意思是“心不在焉的”。7The employees havent been paid _ since the new manager took over this company last month.Aregularly Bnormally Cabsolutely Dordinarily答案A解析句意為：自從上個月新經(jīng)理接管了這個公司，雇員們就沒按時被付薪。regularly有規(guī)律地；normally正常地；absolutely絕對地；ordinarily普通地。8Mr.Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.Aseriously Bheav

25、ily Cbadly Dhardly答案B解析句意為：史密斯先生以前吸煙很猛(大量吸煙)，但是現(xiàn)在他戒煙了。heavily重地，沉悶地，(吸煙、喝酒等)猛烈地，大量地；seriously嚴(yán)肅地，認(rèn)真地，嚴(yán)重地；badly糟糕地，差勁地；hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)詞義選B。9Every new type of plane must be given a(n) _ before it is put into use.Aexamination Btest Ccheck Dexperiment答案B解析examination(知識、能力的)考試，檢查，審查；check核對、檢查(看是否正確)；exper

26、iment實驗、試驗；test檢驗，測試(看其是否達(dá)到要求等)。句意為：每種新型飛機在投入使用之前都必須經(jīng)過各種測試(看其各部件的安全性及性能等是否達(dá)到要求)。這種測試用test。10He bought a lot of _ yesterday for his childrens new _.Acloth；clothes Bcloths；clothesCclothes；clothing Dclothes；cloth答案A解析句意為：他昨天買了許多布，給他的孩子們做新衣服。布料cloth，不可數(shù)。clothes衣服。.閱讀理解Everglades National Park is the mos

27、t endangered national park in America.The purpose of making a national park is to protect the plants and animals that live there.But things that happen outside the park also affect the life within it.Everglades National Park is part of a much larger area known as the Everglades.At one time，water flo

28、wed freely in the Everglades.During the rainy season，water would fill the Kissimmee River.Then it flowed into Lake Okeechobee.Once the lake became full，water spilled over onto the flatland.From there a shallow sheet of water moved slowly down the Florida Peninsula.Then it emptied into Florida Bay.Th

29、is shallow sheet of water was the Everglades River.It was only a few inches deep in some spots.But it was up to 50 miles wide and over 100 miles long.The Everglades is home to many plants and animals found nowhere else in the world.Today，some of these plants and animals are in danger of disappearing

30、 forever.The main reason is that the Everglades is no longer a freeflowing river.Canals have been built to drain(排干) most of the shallow river.People have also built a dam to hold back water from Lake Okeechobee.Most of the water from the Everglades is trapped in man­made lakes.Cutting off the

31、flow of water into Everglades National Park has done more harm than good.Now it threatens the wildlife in the park.Water pollution is another reason why some plants and animals are disappearing.Years ago，large areas of the Everglades were drained and turned into farmland.Today the fertilizers(肥料) us

32、ed on crops are polluting the water.The “river_of_grass” is slowly disappearing.Many kinds of plants are disappearing.Animals that depend on these plants for food no longer have anything to eat.The problems facing Everglades National Park are very serious.But there is still hope.Work is already unde

33、r way to save the Everglades.The federal government，the state of Florida，and several other groups are all working together to try to undo the damage.1What is the best title for the passage?AA Park in Danger BRare Plants and AnimalsCFollowing the River DCanals，Dams and Lakes答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了瀕危的大沼澤國家

34、公園，文章第一句便點明了主題。2What is the main problem in the Everglades?AThe rainy season is too short.BThere are too many plants and animals.CWater is no longer allowed to flow freely.DWater spills out of Lake Okeechobee.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“The main reason is that the Everglades is no longer a free­flowing r

35、iver.”可知選C項。3The underlined part “river of grass” refers to _.Athe Kissimmee River Bthe EvergladesCLake Okeechobee DFlorida Bay答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。上文提到幾年前大沼澤的大部分地區(qū)被排干，變成了農(nóng)田。如今，莊稼使用的肥料正在污染河流，“river of grass”正在慢慢消失。由此可以判斷，river of grass(青草的河流)指的是the Everglades。4Whats the authors attitude towards Everglades National Park?APleased and optimistic. BAnxious and desperate.CCurious but confused. DWorried but hopeful.答案D解析作者態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段可知，大沼澤國家公園的問題很嚴(yán)重，但是仍然有希望，拯救大沼澤的工作已經(jīng)開始。由此可以判斷作者的態(tài)度：擔(dān)憂，但是仍充滿希望。.閱讀填空There is one thing that everyone wants more than anything else._1_They think that when they have e