間接引語(yǔ)總結(jié)

1、間接引語(yǔ)總結(jié)一、概述引用或轉(zhuǎn)述別人說(shuō)的話時(shí)有兩種方法：直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)（direct speech）。用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語(yǔ)（indirect speech）。一般地講，直接引語(yǔ)前后要加引號(hào)，間接引語(yǔ)不用引號(hào)，而 用賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表達(dá)。m busy.'布菜克先生說(shuō):我很忙”。（直接引語(yǔ)）.布菜克先生說(shuō)他很忙。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)），除將直接引語(yǔ)改為賓語(yǔ)從句之外，還須對(duì)直接引語(yǔ)中的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)I改成了 he, am則改成了 was。現(xiàn)將由直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)Mr. Black said,Mr. Black said that he was busy從上例看來(lái)，

2、直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，如上例直接引語(yǔ)中的注意的問(wèn)題，分述如下：二、直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語(yǔ)中常省去），that從句之前用say、tell等動(dòng)詞，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。1、人稱的變化（如:I，me，my， mine，we，us，直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)人稱要相應(yīng)的變化，把直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱（you，your，yours）變?yōu)楹椭骶涞拈g ）相一致的人稱。直接引語(yǔ)中的第 them）變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱不變。our，ours）變?yōu)榕c主句的主語(yǔ)相一致的人稱。把直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱

3、接賓語(yǔ)（即聽話人，如無(wú)聽話人，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)人為確定一個(gè)人稱 三人稱（he，him， his， she， her，hers,it， its,they,their ， theirs，He said , I like it very much. 他說(shuō)：我非常喜歡它”。tHe said that he liked it very much. 他說(shuō)他非常喜歡它。（I 改為 he, it 不變） He said, You" told me this story.他說(shuō)”你給我講過(guò)這個(gè)故事?！県im that story.他說(shuō)我給他講過(guò)那個(gè)故事。（You改為I, me改為him, told改為

4、He said thatI had toldhad told) He said to me,She'"sleft her book in your room "他對(duì)我說(shuō)：她把書放在你的房間里去了。she had left her book in my room.他對(duì)我說(shuō)她把書放在我的房間里去了。（She' Tsheher 不變，your tmy）時(shí)態(tài)的變化主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)He told me thathad,如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ) 時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接 引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：H

5、e said, I usually watch TV on Sunday. 他說(shuō)： 我常 在星期天看電視”。tHe said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他說(shuō) 他常在星期天看電視。He said, m usIing the knife.他說(shuō)： 我正在用小刀。 tHe said that he was using the knife. 他說(shuō)他正在用小刀。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)（不變）一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)

6、She said, havenot heard from him since May. 她說(shuō)： 自從五月份來(lái)我就沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信。 t She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她說(shuō)自從五月份以來(lái)她就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。 He said， I came to help you. 他說(shuō)： 我來(lái)幫助你?！眛He said that he had come to help me.他說(shuō)他來(lái)幫助我。He said,hadll finishedmy homework before supper. 他說(shuō)： 晚飯前我己做完了作業(yè)。t He said t

7、hat he had finished his homework before supper.他說(shuō)晚飯前他己做完了作業(yè)。Zhou Lan said,ll do" lit after class.周蘭說(shuō)： 下課后我就去做?！眛Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.周蘭說(shuō)下課后她就去做。He said, shall be doing my homework then. 他說(shuō)： 那時(shí)我將正在做作業(yè)。 ” t He said that he should be doing his homework then. 他說(shuō)那時(shí)他將正在做作業(yè)。H

8、e said, "shoe have finished the work by that time. 他說(shuō)：”我們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。 t He said that they should have finished the work by that time. 他說(shuō)他們將在那時(shí)以前完成工作。注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ) 時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said, The earth is round. 老師說(shuō)：地球是圓的。”tThe teacher said that the earth is round.老師

9、說(shuō)地球是圓的。He said, was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說(shuō)："我 1965 年生于山東。”tHe said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965. 他說(shuō)他 1965 年生于山東。He said, Columbus discovered America in 1492. 他說(shuō)”哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲?！眛He said Columbus discovered America in 1492.他說(shuō)哥倫布在 1492 年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，

10、直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變He says,finishedthe work.他說(shuō)：我做完工作了?！盚e says that he finished the work. 他說(shuō)他做完工作了。He will say, I havewateredthe flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)：我己經(jīng)澆花了。”He will say he has watered the flowers. 他會(huì)說(shuō)他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化見下表:直接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this/thesenowtoday tonightthis week (month) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterdaylast week (m

11、onth) two weeks (month)ago tomorrownext week (month ) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)herecome動(dòng)詞間接引語(yǔ)that/thosethenthat daythat nightthat week (month ) the day beforethe week (month )before two weeks (months)before the next daythe next week (month )theregotakebringHe said,I met Mr. Smlittis morning.他說(shuō) 我今天早晨見到史密斯了He said that he

12、 had met Mr. Smith that morning. 他說(shuō)他那天早晨見到史密斯了。He said, We went to the cinema yesterday . ” 他說(shuō)： 我們昨天去電影院了。”tHe said they had gone to the cinema the day before . 他說(shuō)前一天他們?nèi)ル娪霸毫?。Lily said, I will come back next month . ”莉莉說(shuō)：我下個(gè)月回來(lái)?！眛Lily said that she would go back the next month .莉莉說(shuō)她下一個(gè)月就回去。He said, “

13、It is nine o'clackw .他說(shuō)：現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)了。 ”tHe said that it was nine o'clock then .他說(shuō)那時(shí)九點(diǎn)了。He said, I haven't seen her today .'他說(shuō)：今天我沒(méi)見到她?！眛 He said that he hadn't seen her t hat day .他說(shuō)那天他沒(méi)有見到她。She said, “I went thyesterdav .她說(shuō)：昨天我去了那兒。”t She said that she had gone there the day before.她說(shuō)前

14、一天她去了那兒。She said, “I'll go thtomorrow .'她說(shuō)： 明天我將去那兒。”t She said that she would go there the next day .她說(shuō)第二天她將去那兒。He said, “ My sister wase three days ago .'他說(shuō)： 三天前我妹妹在這兒。 ”tHe said that his sister had been there three days before .他說(shuō)三天前他妹妹在那兒。 (here tthere; agotbefore)She said,“ Icwttle here this evening.她說(shuō)： 今晚我將來(lái)這兒。”tShe said that she would go there that evening.她說(shuō)那晚她將去那兒。(cometgo ； here tthere ； thistthat)以上這些變化，要根據(jù)說(shuō)話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come 也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述，yesterday或tomorrow 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。直接引語(yǔ)中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)如與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，間接引語(yǔ)的一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變。Father said, I am&quo