語法專題名詞性從句 (2)

1、語法專題：名詞性從句主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個句子中所起的作用，相當于一個名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why一 主語從句1. 什么是主語從句？主語從句通常由從屬連詞that, whether, if 和連接代詞 what, who, which, whatever, whoever 以及連接副詞how,

2、 when, where, why等詞引導。That 在句中無_, 只起_ 作用；連詞that不能省略。連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義，又起連接作用；例如連接詞例句從屬連詞_ the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese is known to us all.眾所周知，火藥最早是中國人發(fā)明的。連接代詞_ caused the accident is still a mystery.導致這起事故的原因仍然是個謎連接副詞_ we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.

3、 我們將在會議上討論如何幫助那對雙胞胎。2. 位置主語從句通常位于句首，但有時主語從句放在句首，句子會顯得比較笨重，這時把主語從句移到句末，用_ 作形式主語。常用句型有以下幾種：（1） It + be + 形容詞 + that從句l It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 她肯定會在考試中取得好成績。（2） It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句l It was suggested that the work (should) be done with great care.據(jù)建議，做這份工作時應小心翼翼。（3） It +

4、 be + 名詞 + that從句，用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的常用名詞有：regret, question, no wonder, pity, news, honor, duty等。 * It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 真遺憾，我們不能去南方過暑假。（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that/ whether.從句，常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：appear，happen(_)，matter（_）,occur(_),seem 等 *It doesnt matter whether sh

5、e will come or not. 她是否會來無關(guān)緊要。l It happened that I was out that day. 恰好那天我出去了?！军c津】Whether 引導的主語從句既可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，但if 引導的主語從句只能放在句尾，前面需用it 作形式主語。Whether/if 只起到_作用，譯成“_”, 在句中不作成分。l _ Mary really heard him is really doubtful.瑪麗是否真正聽到了他的話真的很可疑。l _ is really doubtful whether/ if Mary really heard him.二 賓語

6、從句1. 賓語從句的三種分類：在句中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。（1） 賓語從句可分三類：動詞后的從句，介詞后的從句和形容詞后的從句是_。（2） 賓語從句語序必須是_.a. The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 這個男孩相信他會穿過太空去別的星球旅游b. None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.我們沒人知道在哪里能買到這些零件。c. The new book is about how he succeeded in overcom

7、ing his cancer.這本新書是關(guān)于他如何戰(zhàn)勝癌癥的。d. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我打擾你這么長時間。2. 賓語從句的時態(tài)1） 如果主句是將來時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。* I know he lived here four years ago.我知道他四年前住在這里2） 如果主句是過去范疇內(nèi)的時態(tài)（包括一般時態(tài)，過去進行時），那么從句中一定要過去范疇內(nèi)的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）* He admitted he had

8、 given away the secret.他承認自己曾經(jīng)泄露過這個秘密。3） 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實或真理時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。【點津】當賓語從句的引導詞是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等疑問詞與do you think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine 連用時，經(jīng)常將這類引導詞置于句首。l Who do you think the public

9、might choose as their favorite singer this year?你認為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手？三 表語從句1. 在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。常用的連接詞與主語從句和賓語從句的連接詞相同，用法也一樣。還可以用as if/ as though, because來引導。連接詞 例句從屬連詞His suggestion is _ we should stay calm.他的建議是，我們應該保持冷靜。連接代詞That is _ I want to tell you.那就是我想要對你說的。連接副詞The problem is _ we can get the t

10、hings we need.問題是我們怎樣能得到我們需要的東西as if/ thoughIt looks _ a storm is on the way.看樣子一場暴風雨即將來臨。2. 如果主句的主語是 advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement 等名詞時，表語從句的謂語要用“_”His suggestion is that the wounded _(send) to hospital immediately.四 同位語從句 1. 同位語從句的表現(xiàn)形式 主句中有些名詞詞義比較抽象，如belief, doubt, fact, hope, id

11、ea, thought 等，他們往往要求用從句來具體說明這一名詞的實際內(nèi)容或?qū)υ撁~作進一步解釋。這種從句成為同位語從句，其連接詞與其他從句一樣連接詞例句thatThe hope _ he may recover is not gone yet.他可能康復的希望還沒有破滅whetherThe question _ we need more time to do the work hasnt been discussed. 我們是否需要更多的時間去做這項工作的問題還沒有被討論。whenI have no idea _ he will be back. 我不知道他何時回來。2. 同位語從句中的虛擬

12、語氣order, advice, request, suggestion, proposal 等表示建議、命令、要求的名詞后的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣。 l We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.我們接受了他的建議：我們應該請求老師的幫助。【易混清單】1. that引導同位語從句& 定語從句連詞 連詞that引導同位語從句時，應放在某些抽象名詞后，如：news, word(消息)， idea, fact, hope, desire, thought 等，對前面的名詞起補充說明的作用，連詞that只引導

13、同位語從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分，因此that引導同位語從句時完整的，不缺任何成分 關(guān)系代詞that 引導定語從句時，關(guān)系代詞that一方面起引導 定語從句的作用，另一方面，that在定語從句中擔任_、_、_成分。因此，that 引導的定語從句時殘缺的。The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (_從句)The news that we heard in the radio was not true. (_從句) 2. whether & if 表語從句和同位語從句只能用whether引導不能用

14、if; 當主語從句放在句首時，也只能用whether引導不用if;當it 作形式主語，主語從句放在句末時用whether或if 引導均可；discuss后必須用whether引導的賓語從句【例題】 是否開會仍是個問題 _ the meeting will be given is still a problem. = The problem is whether the meeting will be given. = I have no idea _ the meeting will be given. It is doubtful _ he will come here. 他是否要來還令人懷

15、疑3. What & That1) The villagers have already known _ we will do is to rebuild thebridge.2) When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.3) _ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.4) His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is

16、he is trying to express.5) _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family6) It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.7) It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.8) One reason for

17、her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.名詞性從句 習題I 用連接詞填空1. It depends in the climate _ they are going on a picnic this weekend.2. It is important _ he will come here, by ship or by plane.3. She explained the reason _ she was late.4. _ do you th

18、ink is going on outside the classroom?5. China is no longer _ she used to be.6. What the doctors doubt is _ my mother will become well again.7. The truth _ light travels much faster than sound is known to all.8. I have no idea _ we should go on our holiday this summer.9. We havent discussed yet _ we

19、 are going to place our new furniture.10. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.11. As a mew graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.12. It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.13. It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.14. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.15. It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.16. It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossi