2022年英語高考賓語從句考點(diǎn)解析

1、賓語從句（講解部分由李璇、李婷婷整理；綜合題部分由周麗麗整理）賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語?？键c(diǎn)一、賓語從句的種類賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有： that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。1. 由 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 that 只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：he said (that) he wanted to stay at home. she doesnt know (that)

2、 she is seriously ill. i am sure (that) he will succeed. 注意：引導(dǎo)詞 that 用于下列情況是不能省略；(1) 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是that 時(shí)。如 : he says that that is a useful book. (2) 當(dāng)賓語從句中含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí)。如: i m afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. (3) 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)賓語從句由并列連詞連接時(shí)，除第一個(gè)從句中的that可省略外，其余從句中的 that 都不能省略。如 : he said (that) the f

3、ilm was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it vey much.2. 由以下引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句： who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how。這些引導(dǎo)詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? he asked whose handwriting was the best. can you tell me where the no.3 bus stop is? i don t know w

4、hy the train is late. could you tell me what to do then? i want to know which one you prefer. i m wondering how i can get to the nearest park. he asked me when to finish the job. 3. 由 if或 whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 if和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：i want to know if (whether) he lives there. he asked me whether (if)

5、 i could help him. 注：只能用 whether 不能用 if的情況：(1) if不能和 not 連用。如： i don t know whether or not he will come. (2) 在介詞后引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)要用whether ，不用 if 。如：everything depends on whether we have enough money. (3) 和不定式連用引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)要用whether 不用 if 。如：i wonder whether to go. (4) discuss ，decide 后只能用 whether 不用 if 。如：we dis

6、cussed whether we 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 8 頁 - - - - - - - - -should close the shop. 考點(diǎn)二、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：i hear (that) physics isnt easy . i think (that) you will like this school soon. i wonder whether i should say something for him to the headmaster. he asked

7、 me where he could get such medicine. can you tell me how i can get to zoo? please tell me when we ll have the meeting. 考點(diǎn)三、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)， 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)由從句的時(shí)間狀語決定。例如：please tell us where he is. can you tell me how i can get to the railway station? i think i will do better in english this term.

8、 i m interested in what he has said. i remember he gave me a book yesterday. he has told me he will leave for new york tomorrow. i ll tell you what i am doing. i am going to ask who can help me. he ll remember what he has been taught. 2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)也要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)：1）從句的謂語動(dòng)詞表示與主句同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，則用過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)

9、行時(shí)。例如：i thought he was old. he asked what time it was. he wanted to know who she was waiting for. he told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. 2）從句的謂語動(dòng)詞表示在主句動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作，則用過去完成時(shí)。例如：he said that he had finished reading the book. he asked if you had written to peter. 3）從句謂語動(dòng)詞表示在主句動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，則用過去將

10、來時(shí)。例如：she said that she was going to buy a new bike next week. i wasn t sure if it would rain. he said that he would go back to the u.s. soon. 3. 從句表示普遍真理、客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 8 頁 - - - - - - - - -the teacher told us the moon travels round the eart

11、h. our teacher said that january is the first month of the year. scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 考點(diǎn)四、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng) 主 句 的 主 語 是 第 一 人 稱we/i, 且 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞 為 think/suppose/expect/ believe/ imagine等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。例如：i don t think you are right. i don t be

12、lieve she will take part in the english evening.he doesnt suppose it will come true one day. the mother doesn t expect that his son would be successful. he cant imagine what had happened. 考點(diǎn)五、賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是hope/wish/decide等時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：i hope that i can receive your e-mail.= i

13、 hope to receive your e-mail. i wish that i could be a teacher one day.= i wish to be a teacher one day. i decide that i will try my best to help him.=i decide to try my best to help him. 當(dāng) 賓 語 從 句 的 主 語 和 主 句 的 主 語 相 同 ， 且 主 句 的 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞 是know/remember/forget/learn等時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：she doesnt

14、know what she should do next.= she doesnt know what to do next. 動(dòng)詞 seem后的賓語從句可用不定式（短語）來簡(jiǎn)化，通常將賓語從句的主語作為簡(jiǎn)化的句子的主語， seem作謂語。例如：it seems that football is very interesting.= football seems to be very interesting. 賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為名詞或名詞短語。例如：i don t believe what tom said.= i dont believe toms words. 例題：1. he said_

15、he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武漢市) a. if b. what c. that d. whether 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 8 頁 - - - - - - - - -2. do you know _ i could pass the exam? sorry ，i ve no idea.(2003年山西省 ) a. that b. whether c. what d. which 3. these pictures will show you_.(20

16、03年鹽城市 ) a. what does our hometown look like b. what our hometown looks like c. how does our hometown look like d. how our hometown looks like 4. he asked his teacher_.(2003年南通市 ) a. if there was a monster in loch ness b. when was albert einstein born c. how would the scientists find out the result

17、d. where could he find the library 5. jim doesn t understand_.(2003年遼寧省 ) a. which is the way to the museum b. why his wife always goes shopping c. what is the way to the museum d. why does she always go shopping 6. when are the shutes leaving for new york? pardon? i asked_.(2003年呼和浩特市 ) a. when are

18、 the shutes leaving for new york b. when the shutes are leaving for new york c. when were the shutes leaving for new york d. when the shutes were leaving for new york 7. the teacher told us yesterday that december 25_ christmas day.(2002 年遼寧省 ) a.is b. was c. has been d. will be 8. could you tell us

19、 how long_? about three days.(2003年陜西省 ) a. does the sports meeting last b. the sports meeting last c. will the sports meeting last d. the sports meeting will last 9. do you know if _ back next week? if he_ back，please let me know.(2002 年黑龍江省 ) a. he comes ，will come b. will he come，comes c. he will

20、 come，comes d. will he come，will come 10. the old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改為同義句)(2003 年廣州市 ) the old lady found out _ _ _fruit cheaply. 11. miss green didn t tell us _ in 2002. (北京市中考試題 ) a. where does she live b. where she lives c. where did she live d. where she lived 12.

21、i don t know when _. (哈爾濱市中考試題 ) a. will the train leave b. the train will leave c. would the train leave d. the train leave 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 8 頁 - - - - - - - - -13.-we don t know _.( 常州市中考試題 ) -it is said that he was born in sweden. a. what he is b. if he lives h

22、ere c. where he comes from d. which country is he from 14. my friend asked me, “do you help your parents with the housework on weekdays?”(改寫句子，句意不變 ) （09 濟(jì)南）my friend asked me _ i _ my parents with the housework on weekdays. 15. “put your school bag on the desk.” mother said to jack.(改為間接引語)(09 烏蘭察布

23、 ) mother told jack _ _ his school bag on the desk. 16. alice didnt know how she could draw horses well. (改為同義句 )(06重慶) alice didnt know how _ _ horses well. 17. i wondered what i should do next. (改為同義句 )(06 重慶) i wondered what _ _ next. keys:1-5 c b b a b 6-10 d a d c; where to buy 11-15 d b c; if,

24、 help; to, put 16-17 to, draw; to, do; 賓語從句【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考試題 )miss green didnt tell us _ in 2002.a. where does she live b. where she livesc. where did she live d. where she lived2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題 )would you please tell me _?a. when did he come homeb. where he would play footballc. if he had s

25、een the filmd. why he didnt watch the game3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題 )i don t know when _.a. will the train leave b. the train will leavec. would the train leave d. the train leave4. (2004年常州市中考試題 )-we dont know _.-it is said that he was born in sweden.a. what he is b. if he lives here精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - -

26、 - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 8 頁 - - - - - - - - -c. where he comes from d. which country is he from答案：ddbc【滿分演練】一. 單項(xiàng)填空1. do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?a. what will tom do b. what did tom doc. what tom will do d. what tom did2. i want to know_.a. what is his name b. what s his name

27、c. that his name is d. what his name is3. do you know _ i could pass the exam?a. that b. whether c. what d. which4. jim doesnt understand _.a. which is the way to the museumb. why his wife always goes shoppingc. what is the way to the museumd. why does she always go shopping5. -could you tell me _ s

28、he is looking for?a. that b. whose c. who d. which6. mr. king didnt know _ yesterday evening.a. when does his son come homeb. when his son comes homec. when did his son come homed. when his son came home7. could you tell me _ the bike this morning?a. how does he mend b. how he mendsc. how he mended

29、d. how did he mend 8. -i m waiting for the mail. do you know _ it will arrive?-usually it comes by 4: 00. a. how b. where c. when d. what 9. -excuse me, would you please tell me _? -certainly. go straight along here. its next to a hospital.a. how we can get to the post office b. how can we get to th

30、e post office c. how get to the post office d. how could we get to the post office 10. -can i help you? -yes. id like a ticket to mount emei. can you tell me _ take to get there?a. how soon will it b. how soon it will c. how long it will d. how long will it 11. he wanted to know _. a. whether he spe

31、aks at the meeting 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 8 頁 - - - - - - - - -b. when the meeting would start c. what hes going to do at the meetingd. where would the meeting be held 12. -could you tell me _ the bamboo garden? -the day after tomorrow, i think. a. when will you visit b.

32、 when you will visit c. when would you visit d. when you would visit 13. would you please tell me _ next, mr wang? a. what should we do b. we should do what c. what we should do d. should we do what 14. you cant imagine _ when they received these nice christmas presents.a. how they were excited b. h

33、ow excited they were c. how excited were they d. they were how excited 15. i want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. a. that b. when c. where d. whether 16. -could you tell me _? -sorry, i dont know. i was not at the meeting.a. what does he say at the meeting b. what did he say at the me

34、eting c. what he says at the meeting d. what he said at the meeting 17. -could you tell me _ last night? -er, i was watching euro 2004 at home. a. what you were doing b. what were you doing c. what you are doing d. what are you doing 18. the teacher asked the students _. a. if they were interested in dinosaurs b. when was albert einstein born c. what they will do with the computers d. how many trees they have planted 19. every morning the patients a