汽車底盤構(gòu)造 汽車自動(dòng)變速器 －PPT課件

1、第1頁/共28頁行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)的組成第2頁/共28頁二、行星齒輪變速原理行星輪力平衡條件： F1=F2 F3=-2F1三元件上的力矩分別為： 太陽輪M1=F1r1 =z2/z1=r2/r1, r3=(r1+r2)/2 齒圈M2=F2r2=F1r1 行星架 M3=F3r3=-(+1)F1r1能量守恒三元件輸入和輸出功率的代數(shù)和等于零M11+M2+M3=0n1+n2-(1+)n3=0r第3頁/共28頁1.行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)變速比計(jì)算 傳動(dòng)比i=從動(dòng)件齒 數(shù)/主動(dòng)件齒數(shù)n1+n2-(1+)n3=0第4頁/共28頁2.變速原理（加速） 當(dāng)太陽輪固定，行星架輸入，齒圈輸出時(shí)傳動(dòng)比為： n1+n2-(1+)n3=

2、0 n1=0 i=n3/n2=/(1+1/)1為超速傳動(dòng)行星架和齒圈轉(zhuǎn)向相同。第5頁/共28頁3.變速原理（加速） 當(dāng)齒圈固定， 行星架輸入， 太陽輪輸出時(shí) 為超速傳動(dòng)， 傳動(dòng)比為： i=n3/n1=/(1+)1 行星架和太陽 輪轉(zhuǎn)向相同。第6頁/共28頁4.變速原理（減速） 當(dāng)齒圈固定， 太陽輪輸入， 行星架輸出時(shí) 為減速傳動(dòng)， 傳動(dòng)比為： i=n1/n3=1+ 行星架和太陽 輪轉(zhuǎn)向相同。第7頁/共28頁5.變速原理（減速） 當(dāng)太陽輪固 定齒圈輸入， 行星架輸出時(shí) 為減速傳動(dòng)， 傳動(dòng)比為： i=n2/n3=1+1/ 齒圈和行星架 轉(zhuǎn)向相同。第8頁/共28頁6.變速原理（倒擋） 當(dāng)行星架固定，

3、 太陽輪輸入， 齒圈輸出時(shí)， 為減速傳動(dòng)， 傳動(dòng)比為： n1+n2-(1+)n3=0 n3=0 n1/n2=- 太陽輪和齒圈 轉(zhuǎn)向相反。第9頁/共28頁7.轉(zhuǎn)速及旋轉(zhuǎn)方向固定件固定件主動(dòng)件主動(dòng)件 從動(dòng)件從動(dòng)件 轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)方向旋轉(zhuǎn)方向齒圈齒圈太陽輪太陽輪 行星架行星架 減速減速與主動(dòng)件同向與主動(dòng)件同向行星架行星架 太陽輪太陽輪 加速加速太陽輪太陽輪齒圈齒圈行星架行星架 減速減速與主動(dòng)件同向與主動(dòng)件同向行星架行星架齒圈齒圈加速加速行星架行星架太陽輪太陽輪齒圈齒圈減速減速與主動(dòng)件反向與主動(dòng)件反向齒圈齒圈太陽輪太陽輪 加速加速第10頁/共28頁P(yáng)lanetenbersetzung Formeltab

4、elle第11頁/共28頁 三、行星齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在自動(dòng)變速器上的應(yīng)用有三個(gè)行星排，可組合出四個(gè)檔位不同行星排有的元件是公用的固定元件的動(dòng)作由制動(dòng)器和單向離合器完成第12頁/共28頁13Automatic Transmission Gearsets第13頁/共28頁14Simple Gear SetA planetary gear set has three major components: A sun gear in the center, A planet carrier with two or more pinion gears, and A ring/internal gear. Thes

5、e are also called members.Ring/Internal GearSun GearCarrier with Planet Pinion Gears第14頁/共28頁15Connections, InputAt least one, or two, of these members will be connected to the torque converter through a multidisc clutch. It can be the input when the clutch is applied. This ring/ internal gear can b

6、e driven by the forward clutchFront Ring/ Internal GearForward ClutchAnimation: Clutch Operation第15頁/共28頁16Connections, OutputAt least one of the members will be connected to the transmission output shaft so it can transfer torque to the final drive. Splines are used to connect this front carrier to

7、 the output shaft. Note that a complete planetary gearset is shown with all three members.Output ShaftFront CarrierSplines第16頁/共28頁17Connections, ReactionWhen a gear ratio change is desired, one of the members must be held stationary in reaction. This carrier can be held by a roller clutch or multid

8、isc clutch. A band is also used to hold the reaction member.Rear Carrier with Lo & Rev. Clutch HubRear Clutch HousingRoller ClutchAnimation: One-Way Roller Clutch第17頁/共28頁18Carrier with PinionsThis carrier has four pinion gears. The carrier is constructed so that it can be held in reaction by a

9、multidisc clutch. It is also connected to another gearset member.Hub for Lo and Reverse ClutchPlanet Pinion Gear第18頁/共28頁19Planet Pinions The pinion gears are mounted in the carrier so they can rotate freely on their shaft. Parts of a carrier are shown.Pinion GearNeedle BearingsPinion Pin/ShaftThrus

10、t WasherThrust Washer第19頁/共28頁20Simpson Gear SetThis gear set combines portions of two simple gear sets as shown. The front ring gear and sun gears are inputs. Some internal parts are not shown第20頁/共28頁21Ravigneaux GearsetMost transmissions use a more complex gearset. Some use a Ravigneaux design th

11、at has two sun gears of different sizes and a carrier with two set of planet pinions, a long and a short set. This gearset can produce four forward speeds plus a reverse.Ring GearLong Pinion GearShort Pinion GearLarge/Front Sun Gear Small/Rear Sun GearCarrier第21頁/共28頁22Ravigneaux Gearset, ExplodedRe

12、verse Sun GearForward Sun GearRing GearShort PinionLong PinionThis AOD-E gear set has four forward speeds plus reverse and neutral.Carrier第22頁/共28頁23Simpson GearsetThis gearset is used in many 3-speed transmissions. It uses two planetary sets with a common sun gear. Sun GearRear Ring/ Annulus GearRe

13、ar CarrierFront Ring/ Annulus GearFront Carrier第23頁/共28頁24Four Speed GearsetThis modern 4-speed transmission uses a complex gearset. Two planetary sets are used with the ring/annulus gear of each set combined with the carrier of the second set.Front Sun GearRear Sun GearRear Carrier & Front Annu

14、lus/ Ring Gear/Output ShaftFront Carrier & Rear Annulus/ Ring Gear第24頁/共28頁25Shift ControlAutomatic transmissions use different driving devices, usually multiplate clutches, to send the power flow to the proper gearset member and different reaction devices to hold the proper member in reaction.

15、These members are applied or released to get the proper gear ratio.第25頁/共28頁26Shift ControlAutomatic trans- missions use differ-ent driving devices, usually multiplate clutches, to send the power flow to the proper gearset member and differ-ent reaction devices to hold the proper member in reaction. 第26頁/共28頁27Planetary OperationThis chart shows how a simple planetary gearset can produce six different gear ratios depending on which member is drive