微縮版英美文學(xué)作家作品(共4頁(yè))

1、本資料來(lái)自英語(yǔ)自考網(wǎng) 英國(guó)部分古英語(yǔ)Old English 450-1066 <Beowulf>中世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)(文學(xué)) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century喬叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry <The Canterbury Tales> first time to use 'heroic couplet' 英雄體雙行詩(shī)文藝復(fù)興(含義)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival人文主義Humanism - the es

2、sence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life3.莎士比亞William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time四大悲劇Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth十四行詩(shī)第18首 <Sonnet 18> eternal or immortal beauty威尼斯商人<The

3、 Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality 哈姆雷特 <Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his natu

4、re to the conventional role of a stage revenger (復(fù)仇者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action 獨(dú)白 Soliloquy or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters 6.彌爾頓John Milton失樂園<Paradise Lost> the only generally acknowledged epic in E

5、nglish literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.復(fù)樂園<Paradise Regained>力士參孫<Samson Agonistes> the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. 新古典主

6、義Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感 & accuracy 怯懦啟蒙思想(運(yùn)動(dòng)) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science哥特式小說(shuō)Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖9. 笛福Daniel Defoe

7、- the first writer study of the lower-class people羅賓漢<Robinson Crusoe>, praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude 清教徒堅(jiān)韌10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist諷刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的 flawed有瑕疵的 Proper words in proper places溫和的建議<A Modest Pr

8、oposal>格列佛游記<Gulliver's Travels>, four parts - Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm 11.菲爾丁Henry Fielding 英語(yǔ)小說(shuō)之父 Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose 湯姆·瓊斯<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling>浪漫主義時(shí)期 The Romantic Period15.布萊克William Blake -

9、engraver雕刻家掃煙囪的人<The Chimney Sweeper> from天真與經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌<Songs of Innocence> a happy and innocence world from children's eye; <The Chimney Sweeper> from 經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌<Songs of Experience> a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy 憂郁的tone from men eyes Chil

10、dhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites; 泰戈< The Tyger >16.華茲華斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自發(fā)的, worshipper of nature' Lake Poets' - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey騷賽He defines the poet as a

11、 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected沉思默想的 in tranquillity安靜'.“我孤獨(dú)地游蕩，就象一朵云”<I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud> the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem o

12、n the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙 and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.威斯敏斯特橋上,1802年9月3日<Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802> the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in Londo

13、n, silent, bright, glittering, smokeless & mildly. It is so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety 虔誠(chéng)for nature.?綠竹<She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways>孤獨(dú)的割麥女<The Solitary Reaper> thanks to poet's rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace ha

14、ppening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the poet's passionate love of nature.19.雪萊Percy Bysshe Shelley?致英國(guó)人民<Men of England>西風(fēng)頌<Ode to the West Wind> terza rima三行體, destructive-constructive potential, hopef

15、ul, 'I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!', 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?'21.簡(jiǎn)奧斯汀Jane Austen傲慢與偏見<Pride and Prejudice>The Victorian Period達(dá)爾文物種起源Darwin's <The Origin of Species> and 人類起源<The Descent of Man> shook the traditional faith, everythi

16、ng is created by God 功利主義Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 維多利亞時(shí)期 The Victorian Period22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家 of the Victorian Age維多利亞時(shí)代Character-portrayal描寫 i

17、s the most distinguishing feature特點(diǎn) of his works A mingling混合 of humor and pathos 悲傷,惆悵雙城記<A Tale of Two Cities> 霧都孤兒<Oliver Twist>23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Brontë Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Brontë, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature.簡(jiǎn)·愛<Jan

18、e Eyre> 呼嘯山莊<Wuthering Heights>27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主義naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方鄉(xiāng)土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment'德勃家的苔斯<Tess of the D'Urbervilles> experience is as to intensity劇烈, and not as to duration持續(xù)?夜里的相會(huì)<M

19、eeting at Night> ?早上的分別<Parting at Morning>現(xiàn)代主義 The Modern Period28.蕭伯納George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo信條 of “art for arts sake”, vehemently 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap, hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama wa

20、s to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view.鰥夫的房產(chǎn)<Widowers Houses> 康帝坦<Candida> 華倫夫人的職業(yè)<Mrs. Warrens Profession> 愷撒和克里奧佩特拉<Caesar and Cleopatra> 圣女貞德<St. Joan> 人與超人<Man and Superman> 皮格馬利翁<Pygmalion> 回到麥修色拉<B

21、ack to Methuselah> 蘋果車<The Apple Cart>31. T. S.艾略特 T. S. Eliot普魯弗洛克的情歌<The Love Song of J.Alfred> 荒原<The Waste Land> 灰星期三<Ash Wednesday>四個(gè)四重奏<Four Quartets>32.勞倫斯 D. H. Lawrence兒子和情人<Sons and Lovers> 虹<The Rainbow> 戀愛中的女人<Woman in Love>33.喬伊斯 James

22、Joyce都柏林人<Dubliners> 青年藝術(shù)家的肖像<The Portrait of The Artist As a Young Man> 尤利西斯<Ulysses> 美國(guó)部分Started with Washington Irving's <The Sketch Book> and ended with Whitman's <Leaves of Grass>, alsocalled 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, esc

23、apes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism 先驗(yàn)主義/超驗(yàn)主義3.霍桑Nathaniel HawthorneInterior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity<The Scarlet Letter><Young Goo

24、dman Brown>4.惠特曼Walt Whitman Openness, freedom, individualism I - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing)A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style<There Was a Child Went Forth> how a child is greatly influenced by his growing environments<Cavalry Cro

25、ssing a Ford> a scene of the American Civil War, all the movements described in this picture are frozen.<Song of Myself> Whitman is a man bubbling with energy and laden with ideas, spontaneous expression of his original ideas5.麥爾維爾Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like H

26、awthorne<Moby-Dick> the first American prose epic, Ishmael both as a character and a narrator, the captain, Ahab is a monomaniacRealistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existenceLocal

27、 colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon man's control6.馬克·土溫Mark Twain - the true father of American literatureLocal colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age3 boyhood books <Life on the Mississippi>, <The Adventures of Tom Sawyer&

28、gt;, <Adventures of Huckleberry Finn><Adventures of Huckleberry Finn> Huck's inner conflict about whether or not he should write a letter to tell Miss Watson where Jim is.7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free

29、association<Daisy Miller> the narrator is an American expatriate, named Winterbourne. Daisy is the most innocent girl. The clash is between two different cultures.8.迪金森Emily DickinsonBased on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys<This is my letter to the World> express Dickinson'

30、s anxiety about her communication with the outside world.<I heard a Fly buzz - when I died - > description of a moment of death<I like to see it lap the Miles> Dickinson makes the train part of nature by animalizing it, like a horse.<Because I could not stop for Death - > personify

31、 death and immortality so as to make her message strongly felt9.西奧多·德萊塞Theodore Dreiser - America's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - <The Financier>, <The Titan>, <The Stoic> <Sister Carrie> 'who shall cast the first stone?'The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation,