賓語從句講解(全)

1、賓語從句(TheObjectClause)學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、賓語從句的定義：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以做介詞的賓語作動詞的賓語：Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.主語謂語動詞一個句子作賓語作介詞的賓語:Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.主語謂語動詞代詞作動詞的賓語介詞一個句子作介詞的賓語二、賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞(連接詞)的用法。在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that(that?？墒÷?,whether,if代詞：who,whose,what

2、,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。一)、連詞：that (that 常可省略),whether, ifHetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).Idontknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會有公交車.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試.1、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imag

3、ine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移l 當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。

4、Idontthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.l 主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般及賓語從句一致.IdontbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouha

5、vefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?l 如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？l 當(dāng)主句的主語是第二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般及主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Youthoughttheycouldhavecompletedt

6、heproject,didn'tyou?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?Shedoesn'texpectthatwearecomingsosoon,doesshe?練習(xí)題(1)Idontthinkheisright,_?AisntheBisheCdoIDdontI(2).Hebelievessheisright,_?AdoesntheBdoesheCissheDisntshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,_?AdidntheBdidheCdidIDdidntI(4

7、).Ifind_importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what(5).Youcantimagine_whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedl 在以下情況中that不能省略1、當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandth

8、atthingswillgetbetter.2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞及that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。Icanttellhimthathismotherdied.4、當(dāng)it作形式賓語時例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it

9、作形式賓語。5、當(dāng)賓語從句前置時Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve6、當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;2、由whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。l 但在下列情況下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有選擇意義，又有or或ornot時，尤其

10、是直接及ornot連用時，往往用whether(ifornot也可以使用)。如：Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot(Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)讓我知道他是否能來。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot(Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhe

11、therhelikesEnglish我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。在不定式前用whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay這是否真

12、的我說不上來。引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion她是否能來還是個問題。若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook可理解為：Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我l 只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時HeaskedifIdidntcometos

13、choolyesterday.引導(dǎo)狀語從句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)時Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.二)、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表

14、語。連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲么？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。Hedidnttellmewhenweshouldm

15、eetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.練習(xí)題：(1)Idontknow_ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2)Thisdependson_theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.that(3)

16、Theteacheraskedthenewstudent_classhewasin.A.whichB.whereC.ifD.that(4)Idontknow_Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.HellhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where(5)-Becareful!Dontbreakthebottles.Doyouhear_Isaid?David?-Yes,MumA.whatB.thatC.whyD.if(6)-Doyouknow_MrBlacksaddressis?-HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridge

17、Street.Imnotsureof_.A.where,whichB.where,whatC.what,whichD.what,where(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydontknow_.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose三、賓語從句的語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句連詞賓語從句(主語謂語)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1)連接詞謂語。連接詞在

18、從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who，what，which等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2)連接詞名詞謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，howmany，howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass他問我們班上誰的書法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmany

19、peopletherewereintheroom老師問我們房間里有多少人。3)連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，why，how，where，ifwhether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如：Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4)連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：

20、what，which，howmany，howmuch，how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin？你知道他在哪個班嗎？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。練習(xí)題：(1)Didyoufindout_?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor(2)Areyouinterestedin_?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.ho

21、whediditD.hehowdidit(3)Idontknow_.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare(4)-Whatdidthescientistsay?-Hesaidhewonderedif_intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme_?A.Whe

22、rethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere(6)SheaskedTom_withhiscar?A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter四、賓語從句的時態(tài)時態(tài)：l 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.l 主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：Shewassorrytha

23、tshehadntfinishedherworkontime.l 當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.練習(xí)題：(1)Its7:30.Icantbelieveyou_cookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haventstartedB.didntC.dontstartD.hadntstarted(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25_ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.h

24、asbeenD.willbe(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth_roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo(4)Wedliketotellyouthatyou_theexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass(5)“Couldyoutellme_?”“Yes.They_tothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere

25、,havegone(6)Ourfathersaidthathe_anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys(7)Ihearthathe_toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone注意：l 運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議suggest、advise、propose；要求demand、desire、request；決定decide；命令order、command、require；堅決主張insist；等動詞后跟賓語從句，用(should)+v(虛擬語氣)Eg：Isugg

26、estedthatyou(should)studyhard.Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.l 虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣的用法：1)虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩得痛快。Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我們的友情天長地久。Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！Yougoout！你出去！2)虛擬語氣用在

27、賓語從句中：動詞wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等詞后面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種愿望、要求。如：Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一邊。IwishIcouldhelphim.我希望我能幫助他。Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。動詞demand,suggest,order,insist,propose后面的從句中，"should"可以省略。如：Theteachersu

28、ggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。3)虛擬語氣用在主語從句中：在句型"Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that."中，that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：should+動詞原形，如：It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我們有必要出去散散步。I

29、t'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她這樣做是很自然的。It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我們要照顧好病人。4)虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中：虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結(jié)果的從句中。在表示及事實相反的虛擬語氣時，動詞有三種時態(tài)形式，即現(xiàn)在、過去和將來。A、及現(xiàn)在事實相反的：IfI(we,you,he,they)+動詞過去式.ifI(he,she)were.I(we)should+動詞原形。He(you,they)would+動詞原形。B、及過去事實相反的：IfI(we,you

30、,he,they)+had+過去分詞I(we)should+have+過去分詞。He(you,they)would+have+過去分詞。IfIwereyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就買了它。IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我有時間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法語的。IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我?guī)兔Φ摹fyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldg

31、oshopping.如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。明白了虛擬語氣的用法就會明白什么時候需要用虛擬語氣了，在表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，或表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實時需要用虛擬語氣。l 簡化賓語從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其及原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語及主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very so

32、on. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動詞，且主句主語及從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell, ask, show,

33、teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us

34、to start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found th

35、at there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓＠纾篒t seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to

36、learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.賓語從句練習(xí)1()1Thegirlsaskedifthey_somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.cantakeB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake()2Catherin

37、esaidthatshe_toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey_dictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are()4SheaskedLindaif_goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay()5Lindasaidthemoon_roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadt

38、ravelled賓語從句練習(xí)2()1Canyoutellme_youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()2Idon'tknow_theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where()3Ihardlyunderstand._hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()4Shedidn'tknow_backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe()5Idon'tknow_hestillliveshereaf

39、tersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when()6Doyouknow_theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()7Heaskedme_toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose賓語從句練習(xí)3()1.Theydon'tknow_theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()2.Pleasetellme_whatlastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork

40、CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked()3.SheaskedmeifIknew_.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit()4.Youmustremember_.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid()5Didyouknow_?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislook

41、ingforD.whoheislookingafter()6Couldyoutellme_?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing賓語從句練習(xí)41.Idon'tknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,I'lltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A

42、.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended4.Iwanttoknow_.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter5.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.

43、helivedD.didhelive6.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves7.Idon'tknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare8.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB

44、.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings9.Ican'tunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans賓語從句練習(xí)5一、用所給的單詞將下列句子連成一句1. Whatishername?(Idontknow)_2.WheredoesDoctorLiuLive?(Doyouknow)_3. Whatdidheloseattherailwa

45、ystation?(Wouldyoutellme)_4.Whyisthecinemaclosed?(Iwonder)_5.Whendidtheaccidenthappen?(Pleasegoandfindout)_6.Whatforeignlanguagecanyouspeak?(Iwanttoknow)_7.Whoseboxisitonthefloor?(Imnotsure)_8.Howmuchdidyoupayforthedictionary?(Pleasetellme)_9.Sheisateacher.(Ihear)_10.DoesherauntliveinParis?(Imnotsur

46、e)_11.IsMrs.Leeintheclassroom?(Iasked)_12.Whowillcometojoinus?(Doyouknow)_13.Mysonishavingacold.(shesaid)_14.Willitrainagaintomorrow?(Idontknow)_二、選擇題1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_?AMumisneededBdoesMumneedCMumneedsDdidMumneed2、Canyoutellme_?AwhereheisBwhereisheCheiswhereDwhatishe3、Ididn'tknowhow_to

47、London?AwouldtheygoBaretheygoingCtheywouldgoDtheyaregoing4、Iwanttoknowhowlong_.AhashebeenbackBhashecomebackChehasbeenbackDhehascomeback5、Doyouknow_?AwhatthenewsareBwhatisthenewsCwhatthenewsisDwhatarethenews6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe_free.AwasBwillbeCwouldbeDis7、Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe_toShanghai.AgetsBisgettingCwillgetDshallget8、Father_musicwhenhe_youngAlikedwasBlikedisClikeswasDlikesis9、Ilikedsports_Iwasyoung.AsomuchasBsomuchthatCverymuchwh