urinarysystem泌尿系統(tǒng)全英文

1、1會計學urinarysystem泌尿系統(tǒng)全英文泌尿系統(tǒng)全英文NephronsThe functional unit of the kidney Responsible for the actual purification and filtration of the blood About one million nephrons are in the cortex of each kidney Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule The renal tubule consists of the convoluted tubule

2、 and the loop of Henle Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney:1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli.2. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules.3. Tubular secretionnephronrenal corpusclerenal tubuleglomerular capsule(Bowmans capsule)glomerulusafferenta

3、rterioleefferentarteriole腎單位腎單位腎小體腎小體腎小球腎小球Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney:1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli.2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules.3. Tubular secretionWorking mechanism of the kidneys: Blood is brought to the kidney via th

4、e renal artery. The kidneys filter the blood and then reabsorb useful materials such as glucose. After it has been purified the blood returns to the circulation through the renal vein.General EnglishRootEg.kidneyRen/oRenographySuprarenalLienorenalNephr/oNephritisHydronephrosisRenal pelvisPyel/oPyelo

5、graphyPyelonephritisPelvi/opelvilithotomy pelvioplastyGlomerularGlomerul/oGlomerulonephritisGeneral General EnglishEnglishRootRootEg.Eg.UretersUreter/oUreteroceleUreterographyUreterostenosisUreterorrhaphyGeneral EnglishGeneral EnglishRootRootEg.Eg.Urinary bladderVesic/oIntravesicalvesicoureteralCyst

6、/oCystitisCystographyCystoptosiscystostomyGeneral EnglishGeneral EnglishRootRootEg.Eg.UrethraUrethr/oUrethritisUrethrograpyMeat/oMeatorrhaphyMeatotomyUrineUrin/oUrinogenitialUrinationUr/oHematuriaUrobilin PolyuriaAnuriaUrinary Systemfilter and remove waste products from the bloodproduction and excre

7、tion of urinemain functionresult in The most common disease list Acute renal failure (ARF) Chronic renal failure (CRF) Urinary tract infection Urinary calculus Primary glomerular disease Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) Chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) Nephrotic syndrome(NS) A kidney infection Acute py

8、elonephritis Chronic pyelonephritis Cystitis Perinephric abscess Renal damage in metabolic disease Diabetic nephropathy Hyperuricemia nephrosisThe numbers and types of cells and/or material such as urinary casts can yield a great detail of information and may suggest a specific diagnosis.Hematuria a

9、ssociated with kidney stones, infections, tumors and other conditionsPyuria associated with urinary infectionsEosinophiluria associated with allergic interstitial nephritis, atheroembolic diseaseRed blood cell casts associated with glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, or malignant hypertensionWhite blood

10、 cell casts associated with acute interstitial nephritis, exudative glomerulonephritis, or severe pyelonephritis(Heme) granular casts associated with acute tubular necrosisCrystalluria associated with acute urate nephropathy (or acute uric acid nephropathy, AUAN)Calcium oxalatin associated with ethy

11、lene glycol2.Microscopic examination（ARF）DifinitionClassificationPathogenesisDiagnosisDifferential TreatmentPrognosisnAcute renal failure （ARF）is a syndrome characterized by a relatively rapid decline in renal function that leads to the accumulation of water , crystalloid solutes , and nitrogenous m

12、etabolites in the body. Diabetic nephropathy Hypertensive nephrosclerosis Primary or secondary glomerulonephritis Tubulointerstitial disease （tubulo- 管， tubulointerstitial 小管間質(zhì)性 ） Renal vascular disease（vas- 血管、輸精管）Hereditary kidney diseases Decreased Renal blood flowRenal ischemiaIschemia-reperfusi

13、on injury GFRAcute renal tubular damageHypovolemiaThe resistance of afferent arteriole increasedRenal poisoningARFThe epithelial cells of renal proximal convoluted tubule are hydropic（eg：The most striking change in the tubules is hydropic degeneration of the epithelium. (2) Water, electrolyte and ac

14、id-base balance disordersNephronsThe functional unit of the kidney Responsible for the actual purification and filtration of the blood About one million nephrons are in the cortex of each kidney Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule The renal tubule consists of the convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney:1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli.2. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the re