主謂一致用法總結(jié)

1、主謂一致使用主謂一致時(shí)，必須遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原 則和就近一致原則。一、當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)合不定代詞、單個(gè)不定式(疑 問(wèn)詞+不定式)、動(dòng)名詞或主語(yǔ)從句以及表示“時(shí)間、價(jià)值、重量、 距離、書(shū)名、影片名稱(chēng)”等名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 例如：The curtains are closed and the living room is dark when Momand Dad en ter.Visiting a place like this is always very interesting.Why pleasant smells do not red

2、uce pain in men is a questionstill to be an swered by scie ntists.二、all (some, a lot, plenty, any, part, the rest, most等) + of+名詞作主語(yǔ)以及分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù) 形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)；表示單數(shù)概 念用單數(shù)。例如：As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area n eed repairi ng.One study say

3、s that 90% of our time is spent watching televisi on or using computers.While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she gla need at the faces around her.三、在“名詞/代詞+介賓結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語(yǔ)+”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作插入成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見(jiàn)介詞及 介詞短語(yǔ)有 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides, i

4、n clud ing等。例如：Healthy eating along with regular exercise is probably the only way to become fit.Nobody but Tom and his father has ever bee n there.四、 a number of / a group of / a variety of / a total of等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the number of / the groupof / the variety of / the total of等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

5、形式。例如：The low number of attacks that happenevery year provesthat sharks do not feed on huma ns if they have the choice.Nowadays, a large nu mber of wome n, especially those fromthe countryside, work in the clothing industry.五、quality / pair / amount等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)quality / pair / amou nt的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。例如：W

6、ith more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of deserthas covered the land.六、and連接并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；表示不同概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；此外， and連接并列名詞時(shí)，如果名詞前有no / each / every / many a等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：Did y

7、ou go to the show last ni ght?Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area was in vited.Professor James will give us a lecture on theWestern culture, but when and where hasn' t been decidedyet.七、當(dāng)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的名詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)以及表示總稱(chēng)意義“形單意復(fù)”的名詞(如cattle/ police / people 等)和常用作復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞(clothes / goods / shoes 等

8、)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets.八、 one of +名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the (only)one of +名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如：He is the only one of the stude nts who has bee n a winner ofscholarship for three years.比較 Our En glish teacher was one of the top teachers whow

9、ere praised by the headmaster.九、主謂一致的其它考點(diǎn)：1. either or;n eithern or ;not only but also ；notbut等連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要就近選擇。女口： Either you orJim goes there.2. there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，be動(dòng)詞后面有幾個(gè)名詞時(shí)，be動(dòng)詞跟最近的 名詞保持一致。如:There is one table and two desks in the room.3. 某些單詞所表示的概念是由兩部分組成的，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 復(fù)數(shù)；但如果與量詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)則取決于 量詞

10、。如： The trousers are too long. That pair of trousers is too long.4. 表示群島、瀑布、山脈等以-s結(jié)尾的專(zhuān)有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果表示孤立的山則用單數(shù)。如： Mou nt Tai is great.5. 定冠詞與形容詞連用，用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)人或物，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The young are pla nti ng trees.6. population構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但被百分?jǐn)?shù)或分?jǐn)?shù)等數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The population of our town is bigger

11、 than that of their town,but most of the population in our town are farmers.7. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；one ortwo +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；many a( n) +單數(shù)名詞及more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。而more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ than +one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： Nowadays many a pers on wants to go abroad.One and a half apples has bee n e

12、ate n by the boy.8. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示成員概念謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有family/ government / public/ audie nee 等。如：My family is a big family.My family are fond of pop music.9. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常根據(jù)句意來(lái)確定。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞有 deer / fish / means / sheep / series 等。如：The quickest means of traveli ng is by air.There are var

13、ious mea ns of com muni cati ng with a stra nger.主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析I一、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、(疑問(wèn)詞+)to do結(jié)構(gòu)、 動(dòng)詞-ing形式、主語(yǔ)從句、復(fù)合不定代詞、表單位數(shù)量的時(shí)間、距離、 金錢(qián)、重量、復(fù)數(shù)形式的學(xué)科名詞(physics, politics)、書(shū)名、國(guó)家或 組織名稱(chēng)(the Un ited States, the Uni ted Natio ns) 等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常 用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(如：What we need are good doctors.我們

14、需要的是好醫(yī)生。)如果強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：More tha n twenty years have passed since we graduated.我們畢業(yè)后已經(jīng)過(guò)了二十多年。Liste ning to loud music at rock con certscaused heari ngloss in some tee nagers. （2010 湖南）A. is B. areC. hasD. have二、在“名詞/代詞+介賓結(jié)構(gòu)+謂語(yǔ)+”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與名詞/代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作修飾成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見(jiàn)介詞 及短語(yǔ)介詞有 with /together with /al

15、ong with /as well as/ like / rather than / but / except / besides / including / in additi on to 等。1. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visitBeiji ng this summer.（2009 陜西）A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD.were going to2. The father as well as his three childre nskati ng on

16、thefroze n river every Sun day after noon in win ter.（2006遼寧）A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going三、“ all /lot /plenty /part /the rest /most/ 分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) +of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest ofwhichsaved for other purpo

17、ses.（2011安徽）A. isB. are C. was D. were2. One-third of the country covered with trees and themajority of the citize nsblack people.(2011 湖南)A. is; areB. is; is C. are; areD. are; is四、a number of /an average of /a total of 等+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而 the number of / the average of / the total of等+名詞構(gòu)

18、成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！癮 great(large) small /bmber of , many , a few ,few, a good(great) many, doze ns of, scores of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù) 數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。a little , little, much , agreat deal of , a large amount of只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted.)1. The nu mberof foreig n stude nts atte ndi

19、ngChin eseun iversitiesrisi ng steadily si nee 1990.(2009 山東)A. isB. areC. has bee nD.have bee n2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially thosefrom the coun tryside,in the clothi ng in dustry.(2005遼寧)A. is worki ngB. works C. workD. worked五、“ one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。 但“ one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后

20、接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而在“ the only/ right/ very one of+名詞+關(guān)系代詞+謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。s the only one of the1. Barbara is easy to recog nize as shewomen whoevening dress. （2010 全國(guó) H ）A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn2. At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport that it will bring a lo

21、t of jobs to the area.（2009 江西）A. isB. areC. will beD.was3. My father was one of the man agers in the office that to atte nd the meet ing last week.A. was in vitedB. is in vitedC. were in vitedD. are in vited六、 eitheror/neither nor /not only but also /notbut/o等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主 語(yǔ)決定；在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)

22、數(shù)由其后面的主語(yǔ)決定。1. Either you or one of your students to attend themeeti ng that is due tomorrow.（2009湖南）A. are B. is C. have D. be2. Is every one here?Word文檔Not yet. Look, there the rest of our guests!（2010江蘇）A. comeB. comesC. is comingD.are coming主謂一致考點(diǎn)分析II一、pairs of /amounts of /quantities of. 等構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主

23、語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；a pair of（表示一雙，一條時(shí)）/an amount of/ a series of構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。1. Why does the lake smell terrible? Because largequa ntitiesof water （2009福建）A. have pollutedB. is being pollutedC. has bee n pollutedD. have bee n polluted2. As a result of destro ying the forests, a largeof desertcover

24、ed the land.（2001上海）A. nu mber; has B. qua ntity; hasC. nu mber; haveD. qua ntity; have二、and連接并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不同概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. A poet and artist coming to speak to us aboutChi neseliterature and painting tomorrowafter noon.(2006江蘇)A. is B. are C. wasD. were2. Professor James will give us a

25、 lecture on the Western culture,butwhe nandwhereyet.(2007浙江)A. hasn ' t been decidedB. haven' t decidedC. isn ' t being decidedD. aren ' t decided【注意】 如表示不同的概念，貝S要用復(fù)數(shù)。如:When they will start and where theywill go havenot beendecided yet.三、 由 each.and (each).,every.and(every)., manya .a nd (ma ny a )., n o. and (no). 用單數(shù)形