翻譯學(xué)基本概念84168

1、翻譯學(xué)基本用語(yǔ)源語(yǔ)/譯出語(yǔ) source language(sl), original language譯語(yǔ)/譯入語(yǔ) target language(tl), receptor language, receiving language原作者 sl author, original author譯者(筆譯者)translator譯者(口 譯者)interpreter讀者/接受者 reader, receptor, audience文本text原文 / 原著 source text (st), sl text, original text, original version/ original w

2、ork譯文 target text, translation, target version, rendering, rendition 譯本/譯著 translated text/translational work源語(yǔ)讀者 source-language reader/sl reader源語(yǔ)文化 source-language culture/source culture譯語(yǔ)讀者 target-language reader/tl reader/receiving audience譯語(yǔ)文化 target-language culture/ target culture/ receiving

3、 culture語(yǔ)境 context筆譯 written translation口 譯 oral interpretation/ oral translation/ interpreting同聲傳 譯 simultaneous interpreting交替口譯 consecutive interpreting翻譯原則 translation principle標(biāo)準(zhǔn) translation criterion (復(fù)數(shù)形式為 criteria)翻譯過(guò)程 translation process翻譯程序/步驟 translation procedures反應(yīng)/讀者翻譯 response/reader&

4、#39;s response對(duì)應(yīng)借分對(duì)應(yīng)/ 完全對(duì)應(yīng))(partial /full )correspondence等值/對(duì)等equivalence對(duì)等物(詞語(yǔ))equivalent形式對(duì)等 formal equivalence功能對(duì)等 functional equivalence動(dòng)態(tài)對(duì)等 dynamic equivalence等效 equivalent effect充分性adequacy可接受'性 acceptability (acceptable, unacceptable, unacceptabil 讓 y)可讀性 readability (readable)叫譯性 transla

5、tability (translatable)不可譯性 untranslatability(untranslatable)表層結(jié)構(gòu) surface structure深層結(jié)構(gòu) deep structuret里解 understanding/ comprehension表達(dá) expression再現(xiàn) reproduction/ representation車(chē)專(zhuān)換 transformation傳譯/轉(zhuǎn)移 transferral/transfer誤解 misunderstanding誤譯 mis-translation異化foreignization / alienation / exoticiza

6、tion /exogenization/ source-oriented translation歸化domestication/ naturalization/ adaptation / endogenization / targetaccommodating translation詞匯空缺lexical gap文化溝(空缺/非對(duì)應(yīng))cultural gap直譯 1讓eral translation/ direct translation意譯 free translation/ liberal translation/semantic translation 直譯派 a literalist/

7、a sourcerer 意譯派 a free-hander/a targeteer重復(fù)法 repetition增譯法/增詞法/增譯amplification/addition減譯法/減詞法/省略法/省譯omission 詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)移法/詞性轉(zhuǎn)換conversion 反譯法/正反譯法/反正譯法negation 移植法 transplant(ing)/transplantation咅譯法 transliteration具體化 specification概括化 generalization抽象化 abstracting明析化 explicitation譯借(語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)借)calque(loan transl

8、ation)力口注法 annotation夾注 intratextual note腳注 footnote尾注/文后注endnote注釋性翻譯 annotated/commented translation 釋義法/ 解釋法 explanation/ paraphrase 弓 i 中法 extension替代法 substitution/replacement借用 borrowing推演法deduction綴合法 combination分譯法division逆序法/倒置法reversing合譯法 combination綜合法 mixture of methods包孕 embedding切斷/分切

9、cutting拆離 splitting-off扌甬入inserting重組 recasting回譯 back translation還原法 finding out the original原汁原味 essence of the original, original flavor詞序調(diào)整inversion選詞 diction補(bǔ)償 compensation視點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換 shift of perspective套譯/仿譯/仿擬imitation信/ 忠實(shí) faithfulness/fidelity達(dá)/ 易 is intelligibility/ expressiveness通順 smoothness流暢

10、 fluency自然 naturalness / idiomatic讓y雅/優(yōu)美 elegance/ gracefulness簡(jiǎn)潔 brevity明析 clarity簡(jiǎn)明 conciseness內(nèi)涵 connotation含義 implication言夕卜之意 allocution本文意義(文木固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text)譯者隱形 translator's invisibility透 明(度)transparency寧信而不順(魯迅語(yǔ))rahter to be faithful than smooth (td rather be faithfu

11、l than smooth")神似(傅雷語(yǔ))spiritual resemblance化境(錢(qián)鐘書(shū)語(yǔ))sublimation信、達(dá)、切(劉重德語(yǔ))faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (to the original style)三美：音美，形美，意美(許淵沖語(yǔ))the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and beauty in meaning東方語(yǔ)言 oriental languages西方語(yǔ)言 occidental languages佛經(jīng) buddhist script

12、ures/ sutra梵語(yǔ)sanskr讓鳩摩羅什kumarajiva泰特勒(alexander fraser )tytler奈達(dá)(eugene a.) nida機(jī)器翻譯 machine translation(mt)人工智能 artificial intelligence (al)翻譯 translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify, interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn翻譯學(xué) translatology/translation studies翻譯休/翻譯腔translationese死譯/ 硬譯 mechanical translation逐