新版新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit3知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(共4頁)

1、Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?Section A 1.Could you please do sth ?用于提出請(qǐng)求，希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答，語氣較委婉?？隙ɑ卮穑篠ure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem.否定回答：Sorry , I cant. / Im afraid I cant.在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問句中，常用could代替can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而can 則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把 could 看作 can 的過去式。以上兩句中用 could 是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表

2、示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了 can, could 之外，還可以用 may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?   作允答可以各種各樣：   如同意可以說 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，還可說 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.   如果不同意，可以說 I'm sorry you ca

3、n't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說 No, you can't. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。2. take(1)取，拿：Please take some books to the classroom.(2)吃，喝，服用 Take some medicine.(3)乘車，船等 We can take a bus to the park.(4)花費(fèi)（時(shí)間、金錢） It took me 2 hours to do my homework. take care of 照顧 take

4、a walk 散步 take awa拿 take up占據(jù) take place 發(fā)生 take off脫下； take ones time慢慢來3.problem question 問題 problem客觀存在待解決的問題，側(cè)重困難。Solve the problem question因存疑而提出問題，側(cè)重疑惑。 answer the question4.(1)neither adv 也不 句子須部分倒裝。此時(shí)可用nor替換 neither I dont like this dress. 我不喜歡這件連衣裙。 Neither /&#

5、160;Nor do I. 我也不喜歡。【注意】肯定句：He likes beef.-So do I. 我也喜歡。(2) neither nor 既不也不, 連接兩個(gè)詞做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞就近原則 Neither Tom nor I am a student(3) neither 作代詞表示“兩個(gè)都不”，它作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Neither of my parents is at home.辨析 also, too, either, neither (1)also 較正式，在句中位于行為動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。 Peter also likes

6、beef. I am also a student. She can also swim.(2)too較口語，多用在肯定句句末。(3)either 表示“也”時(shí)，一般只用于否定句句末。 I dont have much money either.(4)neither 用作副詞，意為“也不”解釋，句子須采用部分倒裝。 also和too常用于肯定句，neither用于否定句； either表示“也”用于否定，但eitheror用于肯定。5.or 否定句 也不 We dont have tea or coffee. 陳述句 或者 Answer me yes or no. 疑問句 還是 Do you

7、like red or pink? 表轉(zhuǎn)折 否則 祈使句 Hurry up, or you will be late.e over 過來 come across（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn) come back回來 come up with想出 come true實(shí)現(xiàn) come from來自 come on加油 come in/into進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來 come out出來，(花)開，(照片)沖洗出來7. surprise(1) in surprise 驚奇地 驚訝地 He look at me in surprise.(2)可數(shù)名詞，令人驚奇的事或物 That is a big surprise. (3)不可數(shù)名詞

8、 驚奇 to ones surprise To my surprise, he didnt leave. (4)及物動(dòng)詞，使驚奇 surprise sb His success surprised us.8. work on 從事，忙于   work at 學(xué)習(xí)、致力于、在上下工夫9. borrow some money 借一些錢    borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)=borrow sb sth    lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借給某人某物(借出)

9、0;   You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些錢。    Can you lend me your bike? 你能借給我你的自行車嗎？注意： keep 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 I can keep the book for one week.10. pass sb sth=pass sth to sb地給某人某物11.need v 需要作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞常用于肯定句(1)人做主語，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主語，sth need doing =

10、sth need to be done need做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定句或疑問句.(1)neednt = dont have to 沒有必要(2)need ,must 引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt Must I go there now?Yes，you must/No, you needntSection B1.invite v invitation n邀請(qǐng)(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地點(diǎn) 邀請(qǐng)某人去某地2.waste (1) v 浪費(fèi) waste time/money on sth waste

11、 time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢 (2) n 不可數(shù) 浪費(fèi) 廢物 垃圾 a waste of 浪費(fèi) a waste of time 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間 a waste of money 浪費(fèi)金錢 (3)adj 浪費(fèi)的 無用的 荒廢的 waste paper 3.spend/pay/cost/take 花費(fèi)(1)spendspentspent v 花費(fèi),主語是人 sb.+ spend +時(shí)間/錢+on sth 在某事上花費(fèi).sb. +spend +時(shí)間/錢+（in） doing sthspend on= pay for 支付He spends too mu

12、ch time on the computer games.(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主語是人 sb.+ pay + 錢+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花費(fèi)，主語是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +錢 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢 A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4)taketook taken v 花費(fèi)It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間It takes him 3 hours to

13、 do his homework.4.in order to 目的是；為了 后接動(dòng)詞原形 句首 句尾都可以 in order to do sth 為了做某事5.provide v 提供 為應(yīng)急等做好準(zhǔn)備而提供； 供給 provide sth. for sb. 為某人提供某物= provide sb. with sth.(1)offer側(cè)重表示愿意給予 offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. 對(duì)某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主動(dòng)提出干某事(2) supply定期供應(yīng), 強(qiáng)調(diào)替代或補(bǔ)充所需物品 supply sb. with sth=supply sth

14、. to sb. 為某人提供某物6. depend on 依靠；信賴 It all depends.=That depends. 視情況而定7. since conj. (1)由于，因?yàn)?，既?引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (表示對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首） Since we dont have money,we cant buy a house. (2)自.以后，自.以來 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句 Its two years since we visited your mother.8.keep +sth /sb. +adj. 使.處于某種狀態(tài) keep 系動(dòng)詞 保持 keep + adj . We mu

15、st keep healthy. 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 保持；繼續(xù) (1) keep ( on ) doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 He was in great pain but he kept on working (2) keep sb. doing sth 讓某人一直做某事 Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 9. as a result 結(jié)果 因此 （插入語，放在句首，用逗號(hào)隔開） as a result of 由于.，作為.的結(jié)果 10. the + 比較級(jí)， the + 比較級(jí) 越. 越. The faster, the better

16、.11. independent adj 獨(dú)立的，自主的12. make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得(1) make sb/sth + 形容詞 讓某人或某物 make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. make sure 確信 make a dialogue編對(duì)話 make a mistake犯錯(cuò)誤(by mistake由于疏忽) make a noise吵鬧 make faces做鬼臉 make friends (with)和.交朋友 make room for給.讓地方 make tea沏茶 mak

17、e money賺錢 make a decision作出決定 make the bed 整理床鋪 make a living 謀生 make fun of = laugh at 取笑 13. have time to do sth.有時(shí)間做某事 have time =be free 有空14. get into =enter 進(jìn)入 get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into進(jìn)入 get/be lost丟失 get off/on下/上車 get on well with sb.與某人相處得好 get out of從出來 get

18、warm 變曖 get ready for +n.為做準(zhǔn)備 get ready to do sth.準(zhǔn)備做某事 get well康復(fù) get a chance 有機(jī)會(huì)、得到機(jī)會(huì) get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相關(guān)：(be asleep睡著) 15.get older 長(zhǎng)大 get/ become/ go辨析：(1)get+adj較多地與形容詞比較級(jí)連用 The days are getting longer and longer.(2)become 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的結(jié)果 It's becoming colder and colder.(3)go+adj. 表示令人不快的事情 go bad變壞，go blind變瞎，go hungry挨餓16. do ones part 盡職責(zé)；盡本分 do ones part in doing sth 在做某事上盡職責(zé)17.develop independence 培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立意識(shí)