初中英語語法-15個專題匯總(帶習(xí)題和答案)

1、初中英語語法-15個專題匯總(帶習(xí)題和答案)目錄專題一 名詞1專題二 數(shù)詞、冠詞7專題三 介詞、連詞14專題四 代詞21專題五 形容詞、副 詞30專題六 動詞的分類39專題七 情態(tài)動詞、系動詞46專題八 動詞時態(tài)53專題九 被動語態(tài)59專題十 非謂語動詞66專題十一 簡單句、并列句76專題十二 祈使句、感嘆句84專題一三 賓語從句90專題一四 定語從句98專題一五 狀語從句105專題一 名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)1. 概述: 名詞按其表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。2. 可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)：可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)變化，其前通常用不定冠詞和數(shù)詞來修飾，還可用many, few, a few, som

2、e, any, plenty of, lots of, a number of 等修飾。構(gòu)成名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的方法分為規(guī)則法和不規(guī)則法兩種。1） 復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則構(gòu)成法：絕大多數(shù)英語中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)都是在單數(shù)名詞后加上詞尾-s或-es構(gòu)成的。具體規(guī)則如下圖： 規(guī)則 例詞一般情況下加-sapple-apples, ruler-rulers以s, x, ch，sh,結(jié)尾的加-esbus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，把y變成i再加-escity-cities, county-countries以f或fe結(jié)尾的，把f或fe變成v,

3、再加-esknife-knives, leaf-leaves以o結(jié)尾的，有的詞尾加-es，有的加-s在初中英語范圍內(nèi)加-es的主要有以下4個：tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoeshero-heroes， negro-negroes2) 復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則構(gòu)成法：a單復(fù)同形的：chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese, deer-deer, sheep-sheep, fish-fish(表示魚的數(shù)量)b. 熟記下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, foot-feet, tooth-t

4、eeth, mouse-mice, child-childrenc. 以man, woman做定語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時要全變：a man teacher-two men teachers; 其他情況一般只變主體名詞而作定語的名詞不變：a girl student-two girl students3. 不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)。如：water, meat, air等。在表示數(shù)量時，通常用以下方法。1）用some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等表示多少。 there is little milk at h

5、ome. the old man has lots of money.2) 若要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，應(yīng)用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞”這種形式，若數(shù)字超過一，量詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：a glass of water-two glasses of water, a piece of bread-two pieces of bread2. 專有名詞：專有名詞是表示特定的人，事物， 地點(diǎn)等，如：tom, china, the united kingdom. 專有名詞的第一個字母一般大寫，大部分專有名詞前一般不用冠詞。3. 名詞的所有格：1. 概述：名詞的所有格在句中是表示所有關(guān)系，作定語。2. 名詞所有

6、格的構(gòu)成：名詞所有格包括 s所有格和of所有格兩種形式。無生命的名詞的所有格通常用of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如：the name of the school, the window of the house等。s所有格主要用于有生命的東西和表示時間，距離，國家等的名詞后。構(gòu)成方法如下：1） 一般直接在名詞后加s. 如：jims book2） 復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，若以s/es結(jié)尾只加撇號，不以s/es結(jié)尾仍加s。如：childrens day, the teachers office.3)“ and”連接的并列名詞的所有格，表示兩人“共有”只在后一個名詞尾加s; 表示“各自擁有”，兩個名詞尾都要加s

7、. 如：jim and lucys book（共有）; janes and toms books(不共有)4）表示店鋪或某人的家等處所時，常在名詞的所有格后省去shop, house, home等。如：the barbers, at my uncles5) 表示時間，距離，國家，城市的無生命名詞，可以在詞尾加s或表示所有格，如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk.3. 雙重所有格1)名詞雙重所有格的含義：of+名詞所有格稱為雙重所有格，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一個整體。例如：mr wang is a friend of my father&#

8、39;s. (=mr wang is one of my father's friends.) 王先生 是我父親的一個朋友. 2)名詞雙重所有格的構(gòu)成方法：     a. of前面的名詞前面通常有一個含泛指意義的限定詞，如a, any, some, no, few, several以及two, three等。例如： have you read any stories of lei feng's 你看過雷鋒的故事嗎？ they gave me some books of theirs. 他們把他們的一些書給了我。 three cl

9、assmates of my sister's have found good jobs. 我姐姐的三個同學(xué)已經(jīng)找到了好工作。 b. 有時of前面的名詞前面可以用指示代詞this, that表示某種感情色彩。例如： that answer of jim's was right. 吉姆的那個回答是對的。 something is wrong with this eye of mine. 我的這只眼睛出了毛病。 c. of后面帶有's的名詞或名詞性物主代詞通常是特指的人。例如： that's a book of lu xun's. 這是魯迅的一本書。 thi

10、s is a child of theirs. 那是他們的一個孩子。 3)名詞的雙重所有格與“of + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的區(qū)別： a. 句子所表達(dá)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。試比較：he is a friend of my father's. （著重說明“父親”的朋友不止一個）he is a friend of my father. （著重說明“他”是父親的一個朋友）b. of前面是picture等詞時，含義不同。試比較：this is a picture of my teacher's. 這是我老師收藏的一張照片。this is a picture of my teacher. 這是我老師的

11、一張照片。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50)1. june 1st is _ day all over the world.a. childs b. childrens c. childrens2. september 10th is _ day in china.a. teachers b. teachers c. teacher3. this is _ news.a. such a good b. a very good c. such good4.what _ it is! lets go out to have a picnic.a. a fine weather b. fine day

12、c. a fine day5. tom and i go to school _ every day.a. on feet b. on foot c. by foot6. are those _ -no, they arent. theyre _.a. sheep; cows b. sheep; cow c. sheeps; cow 7. a group of _ are talking with two _ over there.a. frenchmen; germans b. frenchmen; germen c. german; frenchmen8. that doctor dran

13、k two _.a. glass of water b. glasses of waters c. cups of tea9. mrs. smith is an old friend of _.a. bob mother b. bobs mothers c. mother of bob10. the tall man with a big nose is _ classmate.a. tom and carl b. toms and carls c. tom and carls _ time, there will be more tall buildings in our city.a. f

14、ew year b. a few years c. a few years12. how many _ do you want every month?a. milk b. water c. apples13. whose is this new bicycle? -its _.a. sue and jims b . sue and jim c. sues and jims14. would you like _tea?-no, thanks. ive drunk two _.a. any; bottles of orange b. a little; bottle of oranges c.

15、 some; bottles of orange15. how many _ do you want -two, please.a. kilos of egg b. kilo of eggs c. kilos of eggs16. the bus stop is two _ from our house.a. hours drive b. hours drive c. hour-drive17. where are you going, amy-_.a. to my uncle b. to my uncles c. at my uncle18. have you read _a. a news

16、paper of todays b. today newspaper c. today's newspaper19. lucy put a lot of _ in _ of tea. a. sugar; the two cup b. sugars; the two cups c. sugar; the two cups20. tomatoes, broccoli, and _ are vegetables.a. bananas b. potatoes c. noodles21. help yourself to some _.-thank you. i really like them

17、. a. fish b. orange c. cakes22. the little baby has two _ already.a. tooth b. a tooth c. teeth23. we all had _ last month. did you travel to anywhere?a. three days holiday b. three days holiday c. three-days holiday24. when autumn comes, _ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.a. leaf b. leav

18、e c. leaves25. tomorrow i'm going to my_. it's a _.a aunt.five minutes' walk        b aunt's.five minute's walk c aunt's.five minutes' walk26. a computer is one of the greatest _in this century.a inventors    

19、60; b inventions      c invitations      27. we haven't _ homework to do today. a many           b some           c much28. three hours_enough for

20、 a_boy to read books.a is.ten-year-old             b are.ten-year-old c is.ten-years-old                 29. _that pair of new_nice?a is.shoe 

21、60;                  b are.shoes c is.shoes                            , i&

22、#39;ve bought many_. now let's make the birthday cake.a fresh eggs                 b chocolate milk c food                 

23、60;          31. the two _are my_.a woman doctors. friends     b women doctors. friendsc women doctors. friend32. these are_houses.a lee and my uncle              &#

24、160;    b the lee's and my uncle'sc thelees' and my uncle          33. we are_.a chinese.germen                      b

25、 chinese.germanc chinese.germans34. there _ a pencil and two books on the desk.   a. has         b. is      35. a number of students _ for the school bus now.  a. is waiting  b. are waiting  c. waits  36. the n

26、umber of students in the class _ large.  a. are   b. has    37. a _ is used for keeping warm.   a. stamp b. scarf c. key 38. there is no _ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.   a. room b. a room c. rooms 39. -this is a photo of _ when they were young. -o

27、k, how happy they both looked!a. my father and mother b. my mother and father'sc. my mother's and father's 40. the new student is in _ , grade two. a. class third b. third class c. class three 41. - what would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. cup of coffee b. two cups of coffee c.

28、two coffee 42 during christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _a. fun b. wishes c. interest 43. they are those _ bags. please put them on the bus.a. visitor b. visitor's c. visitors' how many students are there in your school? - there are two _.a. hundreds b. hundred c. hu

29、ndreds of45. -what do you think of the _ the moonlight sonata by beethoven? - it sounds really wonderful. a. subject b. music c. book 46. there is not enough _ in the corner for the tv.a. place b. room c. field 47. if you don't take more _, you'll get fat.a. medicine b. lessons c. exercise48

30、. my school is about twenty _ walk from here. a. minute b. minutes' c. minutes 49. mum, i have _ to tell you! a. a good news b. some good news c. many good news 50. maths _ not easy to learn.a. are b. is c. am 參考答案：1-5:bbccb; 6-10:aacbc; 11-15: bcacc; 16-20:bbccb; 21-25:ccacc；26-30：bcaca31-35：cb

31、cbb；36-40：cbaac；41-45：bbcbb；46-50：bcbbb專題二 數(shù)詞、冠詞一數(shù)詞1.數(shù)詞概述：表示數(shù)目多少或順序先后的詞叫做數(shù)詞。其用法相當(dāng)于名詞或者形容詞。 2.數(shù)詞的種類：可以分為兩種： 基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞：表示先后順序的數(shù)詞。3.基數(shù)詞的寫法和用法1）112的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞，即： one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight， nine，ten，eleven，twelve。  2）1319的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。如：14fourteen，但13，15，18較特殊，13thirteen 15fiftee

32、n 18eighteen。  3）2090的整十位均以-ty結(jié)尾。如：60sixty，但20，30，40，50，80較特殊， 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty。  4) 十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符號“-”，如：28twenty-eight，96ninety-six。  5) 百位和十位（若無十位則和個位）之間加“and”，如：148one hundred and forty-eight , 406four hundred and six。  6) hundred（百），thousand（千），mill

33、ion（百萬），billion（十億）等前面即使有具體的數(shù)詞，也不能在它們的后面加s。7) .百(hundred),千(thousand),百萬(million)等詞與介詞of連用的時侯，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表不確定數(shù)目，其前面不可與數(shù)字連用8）.表示“幾十”的數(shù)詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表示人的歲數(shù)或年代。如： he is in his forties. 他四十多歲。 this took place in the 1930s. 這事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)三十年代。 9）.基數(shù)詞可與其他詞構(gòu)成形容詞。如： can you say something about your two-month holiday (two和

34、month之間有連字符時，month用單數(shù))4. 序數(shù)詞的寫法和用法 1）基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞可利用口訣巧記：“一、二、三，特殊記，八去“t ”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，見“y”變成“i”和“e”，詞尾加上“th”，若是遇到幾十幾，只變個位就可以?！?#160; 變法如下：first，second，third，eighteighth nineninth，fivefifth，twelvetwelfth，twentytwentieth，fortyfortieth，twenty-fivetwenty-fifth。  其余情況均在基數(shù)詞后加th。如： sixsixth, nin

35、eteennineteenth , hundred hundredth, thousandthousandth等。 2）. 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the, 表“順序”。但如果序數(shù)詞不表示順序，而表示“又一個，另一個”時，則不能用the, 要用a. 如：try it a second time. 再試一下。 5. 序數(shù)詞表示“名次”時，不用定冠詞。      he was first. 他得了第一名。      who was first who was second誰是第一名誰是第二名 注意: 1.分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法：分子必須

36、用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子如果大于1，分母須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。先讀分子，再讀分母。分子為one時可換用a. 如： in our class, about a third can speak english well. two thirds 三分之二。 2讀作“a(或one)half(而不是a second “一秒鐘”)，1/4既可讀作“a(或one)quarter”又可讀作 “a(或one)fourth”. 3/4:three quarters 3.小數(shù)的讀法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)的前的基數(shù)詞與前面所講的基數(shù)詞讀法完全相同；小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point,小數(shù)點(diǎn)后只須將數(shù)字一一讀出。 讀作: fifteen point

37、six seven 4. 百分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法：先讀基數(shù)詞，再讀百分號 “%”（讀作percent）. 5% 讀作: five percent.  5.年代的讀法為“兩位，兩位”地讀。整百的后讀hundred,整千的后讀thousand, 前常加 the year. 如： 1937讀作nineteen thirty-seven 或：nineteen hundred and thirty-seven 2000 年 讀作 the year two thousand december the first, nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日 二.冠詞1. 冠詞

38、概述：冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。2. 冠詞的種類：英語中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。 3. 不定冠詞的用法 不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是"一個"的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作e，而an則用于元音音素前，一般讀做en。 1) 表示"一個"，意為one；2) 代表一類人或物。 a knife is a tool for cutting with. mr. smith is a doctor.3) 詞組或成語。 a little / a few / a

39、lot / a type of / a great many / many a / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / 4. 定冠詞的用法 定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那（這）個"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。它有以下意義： 1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有"那（這

40、）個"的意思，但較弱，可以和一個名詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。 1）特指雙方都明白的人或物： take the umbrella.帶上傘。 2）上文提到過的人或事：  he bought a book.i've read the book. 他買了一本書。我看過那本書。 3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth  4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living

41、60;  活著的人。 5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very，same等前面： where do you live?i live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。 that's the very thing i've been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。 6）用在表示身體部位的名詞前： she caught me by the hand.她抓住了我手。 7）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體、階級、等專有名詞前： the people's republic of china 中華人民

42、共和國 the united states 美國 8）用在表示樂器的名詞之前： she plays the piano.她會彈鋼琴。 9) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人： the greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦) 10) 用在慣用語中： in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrow  the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country) in the dark,in the rai

43、n,in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end, by the way,go to the theatre5.零冠詞的用法 1) 國名，人名前通常不用冠詞：england，mary； 2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞； they are teachers. 3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞； failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。2）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； we go to school from monday to frid

44、ay. 3）在三餐、球類運(yùn)動和娛樂運(yùn)動的名稱前，不加冠詞 4） 當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用中間無冠詞；by bus，by train； 5）有些個體名詞不用冠詞；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class， town，church，court 等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義，如：go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) 6）不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞； a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞  b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 he came first

45、in the race. c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first,first of all,from first to last 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(2×50)1. there are _ days in a year. a. three hundred sixty-five b. three hundreds and sixty-five  c. three hundred and sixty-five 2 _visitors visit this museum every day. a. hundred b. hundred of c. hundreds of

46、 3. there are two_ people in the library. a. hundred b. hundreds c. hundreds of 4. every year _ watch nba on tv. a. million people b. millions of people c. millions people 5. _ trees will be planted in our city in 5 years. a. thousands of b. two thousands c. two thousand of 6. my brother is in_. a.

47、three class, one grade b. class three, grade one  c. grade first, class third 7. we are going to learn_ this term. a. book six b. six book c. book six 8. please turn to_. let's read the text aloud. a. page two b. the page two c. second page 9. he will come here _ tomorrow morning. a. at fif

48、th b. at ten c. on two10. he was doing some reading _. a. at eight yesterday morning b. yesterday morning eight c. yesterday morning at eight 11. he began to live there_.  a. on his fifty b. at age of fifty c. in his fifties 12 they moved to the usa _ a. in 1980s b. in the 1980 ' c. in the

49、1980s was _ her early twenties when she became a movie star.  a. at b. on c. in 14. there are_ months in a year. december is the_month of the year. a. twelve; twelve b. twelve; twelfth  c. twelfth; twelve 15. sunday is the_ day of the week. a. seventh b. first c. second 16. autumn is_ seas

50、on in a year. a. the fourth b. the third c. a third 17. -what's the date today -its_. a. friday b. cloudy c. july 4th 18. jenny was born _.a. on july 10, 1997 b. in july 10, 1997  c. in 1997, july 1019. monday is the second day, and_.  a. tuesday is the fourth b. thursday is the fifth

51、c. the second is tuesday 20. about_ of the books in our school library are written in chinese.  a. four-fifth b. four-fifths c. fourth-fifths 21. _ of the students are girls in our class. a. two three b. two threes c. two thirds of the world's books and newspapers are written in english.

52、60; a. three quarters b. three quarter c. thirds four 23. tom is_ in the row. a. a third b. the third c. third 24. the girl wanted to sing_ song at the party yesterday. a. two b. a second c. the second 25. now let him have_. a. the third try b. a third try c. third try 26. our school is only _ walk

53、from here. a. five-minute  b. five minutes   c. five minutes 27. there are _ days in a week. a. the seven    b. seventh      write down the new words in the text of _. a. lesson eleven    b. the lesson eleven   

54、0; c. lesson eleventh   old is your sister -_. a. shes fifteenth    b. shes young     c. shes fifteen     30. i read _story. it is _interesting story.a. a, an b. a, a c. the, the 31. paris is _ european country and china is _ asian country.

55、a. an, an b. a, a c. a, an32. _elephant is bigger than _ horse.a. /, / b. an, a c. a, a 33. shut _door, please.a. a b. an c. the is now living in _ european country.   a. a  b. an c. / 35. china is _ old country with _ long history.   a. an, a b. a, a c. an, the  36. my parents u

56、sually go out for _ walk in _ evening.   a. the, a b. a, the c. /, the 37. her _ first thing is to help her mother clean the room.   a. a  b. the c. / 38. the word “floor” begins with _ “f” and the end with _ “r”.   a. a, a  b. an, an  c. an, a  39. june 1st is _ c

57、hildrens day.   a. a  b. the  c. ./ 40. _ huanghe river is _ second largest river in china.   a. the, the b. a, a c. the, a 41. paris is one of _ most beautiful cities in _ world.   a. /, the  b. / ,/  c. the, the mr smith went to _ great wall at _ noon.   a. the, the b. /,/ c. the, / 43. we always have _ milk for _ breakfast.   a. /,/ b. the, / c. /,a 44-did you see my grandfather -oh, i saw _old man sitting on a chair under the tree. maybe he is.a. a b. an c. the45-do you see _man with a do