【真題】2018年廣州市中考英語試題含答案解析

1、2018年廣州市初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)考試 英語 一、語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從 115各題所給的A、 B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20 th century. In his short life he wrote 1300 songs and an opera.Xian was bom in Panyu, Guangdong, China

2、 in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with-2mother. He began learning to play3 violin when he was 20 years old. In thebeginning, his violin was4cheap and badly made that he 5 not play it well. His friends laughed at him.Xian did not stop 6 and soon show

3、ed his talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students 7studied in a special music school in Paris. Before he 8, Xian became the schools beststudent 9 won several prizes for his talents.In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came toYan'an 10

4、 music at a college.11 there were no pianos in Yan'an at that time Xian still wrote12 of his most important music there, including The Yellow River, his most famous work.In May 1940, Xian 13 to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to write music formovies. In the Soviet Union, life wa

5、s very 14. Xian got sick and later died of a lung illness15October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xian's music, however, lives on in the people's hearts.1. A. nearB. nearly C. nearby D. nearer2. A. he B. him C. his D. he' s3. A. a B. an C. the D. this4. A. so B. such C. very D. much5. A. need B

6、. may C. should D. could6. A. practice B. practicing C. to practice D. practised7. A. whatB. whichC. whomD. who8. A. leaveB. leavesC. leftD. was leaving9. A. andB. butC. as D. or10. A. teachB. taught C. teachingD. to teach11. A. If B. Although C. When D. Because12. A. any B. little C. few D. some13.

7、 A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. was sending14. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest15. A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B 12.D 13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】試題分析：冼星海是中國著名的音樂家。他創(chuàng)作了 20 世紀(jì)最偉大的音樂作品之一。在他短暫的一生中，他創(chuàng)作了 300 首歌曲和一部歌劇。本文主要介紹了他短暫的一生，但是他的音樂卻活在人們

8、的心中。1. 句意：在短短的一生中，他創(chuàng)作了近300首歌曲和一部歌劇。A. near介詞，在一附近，方位介詞；B. nearly 副詞，接近；C. nearby形容詞或副詞，在附近； D. nearer形容詞或副詞，更近的。本題指數(shù)量上接近”，需要副詞 nearly 。故選： B。2. 句意：因為他父親在他出生之前就去世了，他和母親從一個地方搬到另一個地方。 A. he 人稱代詞，作主語； B. him 人稱代詞， 作賓語； C. his 形容詞詞性物主代詞， 他的， 可作定語； D. he s 他是。 本句用在 mother 之前作定語。故選： C。3. 句意：他 20 歲時開始學(xué)習(xí)拉小提琴

9、。 A. a 不定冠詞，一個，泛指； B. an 不定冠詞，一個，泛指； C. the 定冠詞，這（那），專指、特指；D. this指示代詞，這、這個，近指。固定表達(dá)“play the+f樂器材故選：C。4. 句意：一開始，他的小提琴很便宜，制作很糟糕，以至于他演奏不好。 A. so 副詞，如此、這么； B. such 形容詞，這樣的； C. very 副詞，很； D. much 形容詞，很多；或副詞，很。根據(jù)語義可知，本句為 “ so + 形容詞/副詞 + that + 句子 ”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。故選： A 。5. 句意：一開始，他的小提琴很便宜，制作很糟糕，以至于他演奏不好。 A. ne

10、ed 情態(tài)動詞，需要； B. may 情態(tài)動詞，可能；C. should情態(tài)動詞，應(yīng)該；D. could情態(tài)動詞，能。在 "so形容詞/副詞+ that +句子”引導(dǎo) 的結(jié)果狀語從句中，常使用情態(tài)動詞 can/could 。故選： D 。6. 句意：冼星海沒有停止練習(xí)，很快就展現(xiàn)出他的才華。 practice 動詞，練習(xí)； practicing 動名詞； to practice 不定式； practised 過去式。 stop doing 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情） ； stop to do 停下來做某事（ to do 是 要做的事情） 。此處指 “停止拉小提琴”。故選：B。7.

11、 句意： 1934 年，他是巴黎一所特殊音樂學(xué)校的首批中國學(xué)生之一。 A. what 疑問代詞，什么； B. which 疑問代詞，哪個； C. whom 疑問代詞，誰，賓格； D. who 疑問代詞，誰，主格。本句為定語從句，先行詞the first Chinese students,關(guān)系詞為 whom/who。由于關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，所以用主格who。故選：D。8. 句意：在他離校之前，冼星海成為了學(xué)校里最好的學(xué)生，并因他的才華獲得了幾個獎項。 A. leave 動詞， 離開；B. leaves三單形式；C. left過去式；D. was leaving過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)。本句描述過去發(fā)生的事情

12、，謂語 動詞使用過去式。故選： C。9. 句意：在他離開學(xué)校之前，冼星海成為了學(xué)校里最好的學(xué)生，并因他的才華獲得了幾個獎項。 A. and 連 詞，并且，表示并列關(guān)系；B. but連詞，但是，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；C. as連詞，當(dāng)時候。引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；D. or 連詞，或者，表示選擇關(guān)系。 “成為最好的學(xué)生”與 “獲得獎項 ”之間是并列關(guān)系。故選： A 。10. 句意：后來，他來到延安，在一所大學(xué)教音樂。 A. teach 動詞，教； B. taught 過去式，教； C. teaching 現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞，教； D. to teach 動詞不定式，教。本題為動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選： D 。

13、11. 句意：雖然當(dāng)時延安還沒有鋼琴，但他仍然在延安創(chuàng)作了一些最重要的音樂，包括他最著名的作品黃河 。 A. If 連詞，如果/是否，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句/賓語從句；B. Although 連詞，雖然、即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；C. When連詞，當(dāng)時候，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；D. Because連詞，因為，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。根據(jù)語境可知是 “讓步關(guān)系 ”。故選： B 。12. 句意：雖然當(dāng)時延安還沒有鋼琴，但他仍然在延安創(chuàng)作了一些最重要的音樂，包括他最著名的作品黃河 。 A. any 代詞，任何，常與疑問句與否定句連用； B. little 代詞，很少，代替不可數(shù)名詞，否定含義； C. few代詞，很

14、少，代替可數(shù)名詞，否定含義；D. some代詞，一些，肯定含義。根據(jù)語境可知，此處為肯定含義 “一些重要的音樂”。故選： D 。13. 句意：1940年5月，中國共產(chǎn)黨將冼星海送往蘇聯(lián)，為電影譜曲。A. sent送，派遣；B. was sent一般過去時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)；C. has sen覬在完成時態(tài)；D. was sending過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)。根據(jù)主謂之間的被動關(guān)系可知， 本句使用 “過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)”。故選： B 。14. 句意：在蘇聯(lián)，生活很艱難。 A. hard 形容詞，困難的； B. harder 比較級，困難的； C. hardest 最高級，最困難的； D. the hardest

15、 最高級，最困難的。根據(jù)語境，此處沒有 “作比較 ”的語境，因而形容詞使用原級。故選： A 。15. 句意：在 1945 年 10 月 30 日，冼星海生病后死于肺病，年僅 40 歲。 A. at 時間介詞，在，表示具體的點刻； B. in 介詞，在，表示某一段時間內(nèi)； C. on 介詞，在，在具體的某一天； D. by 介詞，在 .之前。本句指在具體 10 月 30 號。故選： C。點睛：整體把握語篇大意，揣摩上下文文意，理解語境并關(guān)注詞匯、短語之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，選擇最符合作者表達(dá)意圖的選項；辨析定語從句中的關(guān)系詞，把握其各自含義和用法；理清上下文之間的轉(zhuǎn)折、承接、讓步、補充說明等關(guān)系，選擇合

16、適的連詞。二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1625各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Before graduating college, Jackie began to look for a job. She aimed at a famous company, but the16 for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose planned to employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the j

17、ob. 17, Jackie was one of the three people invited for the final interview.The interview was very 18. The interviewer asked just a few questions and it was all over in less than 10minutes. Then the interviewer said to them, "All of you are very good. Please go home and 19 our " response.Th

18、ree days later, Jackie received a message saying she would not be 20 the job. She felt deeplydisappointed. That evening. however she received another 21. This time it said that she got the job.Jackie later found out that the first message sent to her phone was part of the interview-a 22 to see ifshe

19、 was suitable for the job. All the three people received the 23 text, but only Jackie's reply 24the company Of the three, one did not reply. The other saidand Jackie sgoodbye ""thank you ” . This replyshowed that Jackie was a/an 25 person, so the company offered her the job.16. A. exam

20、 B. work C. competition D. plan17. A. Thankfully B. Unluckily C. Hopefully D. Immediately18. A. long B. strict C. interesting D. simple19. A. pick up B. wait for C. deal with D. think of20. A. offered B. returned C. refused D. shown21. A. letter B. e-mail C. call D. message22. A. guide B. conversati

21、on C. test D. lesson23. A. same B. other C. second D. whole24. A. reached B. satisfied C. helped D. surprised25. A. brave B. clever C. polite D. honest【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C【解析】試題分析：大學(xué)畢業(yè)前，Jackie開始找工作。她瞄準(zhǔn)了一家著名的公司，但這樣的工作的競爭非常激烈。在面試的過程中，Jackie展示了其禮貌的品質(zhì)，所以公司給了她這份

22、工作。16. 句意：她瞄準(zhǔn)了一家著名的公司，但這樣的工作的競爭非常激烈。 A. exam 名詞，考試； B. work 名詞，工作； C. competition 名詞，競爭； D. plan 名詞，計劃。根據(jù)后文The company Jackie chose planned to employonly one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job. 可知，工作競爭大。故選： C 。17. 句意： 謝天謝地， Jackie 是被邀請參加最后面試的三人之一。 A. Thankfully 副詞， 幸虧、 感激地； B. U

23、nluckily副詞，不幸地； C. Hopefully 副詞，有希望地； D. Immediately 副詞，立刻。競爭大，所以 “感激地 ”成為最后面試的三人之一。故選： A 。18. 句意：面試很簡單。 A. long 形容詞，長的； B. strict 形容詞，嚴(yán)格的； C. interesting 形容詞，有趣的；D. simple 形容詞，簡單的。根據(jù)后文The interviewer asked just a few questions and it was all over in less than 10minutes.可知，面試簡單。故選： D。19. 句意：請回家等待我們的

24、回復(fù)。 A. pick up 撿起； B. wait for 等候； C. deal with 處理； D. think of 想到、認(rèn)為。根據(jù)語境可知，面試后 “等候 ” 回復(fù)。故選： B 。20. 句意： 三天后，Jackie 收到一條短信說她不會得到這份工作。本題考察被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞。 A. offered提供；B. returned歸還、返回；C. refused拒絕；D. shown展示。根據(jù)語境可知，本句為 "offter sb. st腱供 給某人某物 ” 的被動語態(tài)。故選： A 。21. 句意：那天晚上，然而，她收到了另一個信息。 A. letter 名詞，書信；

25、B. e-mail 名詞，郵件； C. call 名詞， 電話； D .message名詞，信息。 根據(jù)前文 Three days later, Jackie received a message saying 可知，此處為 “另一條信息 ”。故選： D 。22. 句意： Jackie 后來發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)送到她手機的第一個消息是面試的一部分 測試她是否適合這份工作。 A.guide名詞，導(dǎo)游；B. conversation名詞，會話；C. test名詞，測試；D. lesson名詞，課。面試的一部分，所 以是一項 “測試” 。故選：C。23. 句意：這三個人都收到了同樣的短信，但只有Jackie的答

26、復(fù)使公司滿意。A. same形容詞，相同的；B. other形容詞，其他的； C. second 序數(shù)詞，第二； D. whole 形容詞，整個的。根據(jù)語境可知，測試的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是 “相 同的” 。故選：A 。24. 句意： 這三個人都收到了同樣的短信， 但只有 Jackie 的答復(fù)使公司滿意。 A. reached 動詞， 到達(dá)； B. satisfied 動詞， 使?jié)M意； C. helped 動詞， 幫助； D. surprised 動詞， 使驚奇。 根據(jù)前文 This time it said that she got the job.可知，Jackie 的答復(fù)“使公司滿意”。故選： B。2

27、5. 句意：這個回答表明Jackie是一個有禮貌的人，所以公司給了她這份工作。A. brave形容詞，勇敢的；B. clever形容詞，聰明的；C. polite形容詞，禮貌的；D. honest形容詞，誠實的。根據(jù)前文The other said "goodbye and Jackie said "thankTyou Jackie 是禮貌的。故選： C。三、閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從2645各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項 涂黑。(A)For his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift tha

28、t would shape his life. On that day his father took him to the Children ' s Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept h

29、is interest for more than a week or two. His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting. That hobby lasted a week. Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lin's artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed, still unopened. This time Lin '

30、; s parents would let him decide.Lin's eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped at "Photography". He liked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student needed their own camera. Although Lin's family weren't

31、poor, they weren' t rich either, and a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.The next course to catch his eyewas "Language Art". He didn ' t even know what that meant. His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of

32、nothing worse.Then he saw it. "Cooking" sounded like something he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone and it was also creative.Based on Lin ' s hobby historydhiis had doubts, but he agreed. Much to his parents' surprise, Lin kept his promise.

33、 He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised at home, making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleasure his food brought to others.The months turned to years but his hobby never

34、changed again.Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.26. Why didn't Lin choose to study photography?A. It was too expensive.B.

35、He had no interest in it.C. He was not very creative.D. It was not offered that term.27. The underlined expression "catch his eye" in Paragraph 4 means "."A. make him excitedB. cause him surpriseC. get his attentionD. help him see clearly28. Which of the following best describes

36、Lin's interest in cooking?A. It only lasted for a short time.B. It seemed to match his character.C. It was forced on him by his parents.D. It developed slowly over many months.29. Why did the father have doubts about Lin's choice of cooking?A. Lin wasn't good at cooking.B. Cooking wasn&#

37、39;t very convenient.C. He didn ' t think Lin would continue.D. Cooking wasn't a good hobby for a boy.30. What's the best title for the passage?A. A Strict FatherB. A Changeable BoyC. The Fun of CookingD. The Birthday Gift【答案】26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D【解析】試題分析：本文主要介紹了林在 11歲時，那天他父親帶他去兒

38、童活動中心，說他可以選擇任何令 他感興趣的課程。就在那天他收到了一份改變他一生的特殊禮物。26. 根據(jù)第三段第三行 Although Lin's family weren't poor, they weren' t rich either, and a camera cost a lot ofmoney.可知，不選擇學(xué)習(xí)攝影，是因為花費高。故選： A。27. catch 動詞，抓住、趕上；根據(jù)前文 He continued looking.,以及后文 His father explained that it taught peoplehow to make public

39、 speeches.可推知，"Language Art".引起了他的注意。故選：C。28. 根據(jù)第四段最后一句 Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse., 以及第五段"Cooking" sounded likesomething he'd like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone and it was also creative. 可知， “烹飪 ” 這似乎符合他的性格。故選： B。29. 根據(jù)第二段

40、第一句 To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or two 可知，他認(rèn)為林不會堅持下去。故選： C。30. 根據(jù)本文主要介紹了林在11 歲時，那天他父親帶他去兒童活動中心，說他可以選擇任何令他感興趣的課程。就在那天他收到了一份改變他一生的特殊禮物。所以 The Birthday Gift 最符合文意。故選： D 。（ B）Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the

41、 world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that

42、 you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private c

43、ooks. But none of them could be called a “ restaurant ”.A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups（ 湯）. On his sign he used the word "restaurant" to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help &qu

44、ot;restore"（ 恢復(fù) ）your health- in French the word "restore" is-“- sroeshteaucraellred t”he soups "restaurants".Soon, people started buying Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word "restaurant" to refer to a place

45、 selling soup rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often.Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants through

46、out the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire.Today cities are filled with all types of restaurant

47、s. Diners have millions of options from which to choose.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. How restaurants developedB. What made a good restaurant.C. Who created the first restaurantD. Why restaurants became popular.32. According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earl

48、ier eating places?A. Restaurants only served foodB. Restaurants were more expensiveC. Restaurants were mainly in citiesD. Restaurants had a list of meal choices33. Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant?A. Rich peopleB. Sick people.C. Travellers.D. Workers.34. When it was first u

49、sed. what did the word "restaurant" refer to?A. A person.B. A place.C. Illness.D. Soup.35. When did restaurants begin to grow internationally?A. In the 1600s.B. In the 1700s.C. In the 1800s.D. In the 1900s.【答案】 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】試題分析： 1765 年 以前，世界上沒有餐館。本文主要介紹了餐館是如何 “從無到有，再到種

50、類繁 多 ” 的發(fā)展過程。31. 根據(jù)本文主要介紹了餐館是如何 “從無到有，再到種類繁多 ”的發(fā)展過程。所以 “ How restaurants developed ”最符合文章大意。故選：A 。32. 根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句 There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere. 可知， 餐廳有可供選擇食物的菜單。故選： D。33. 根據(jù)第三段的第三句 At that time, soups

51、 were considered something that could help "restore"（ 恢復(fù) ）your health- in French the word "restore" is-“- sorehsetacuareller d th”e soups "restaurants"、 第四句Soon, people startedbuying Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill 可知，布朗熱期望生病的人去餐廳吃飯。故選： B 。34. 根據(jù)第三段的第三

52、句 At that time, soups were considered something that could help "restore"（ 恢復(fù) ）your health- in French the word "restore" is"seStaicaired the soups "restaurants"可知，"restaurants"指代“湯”。故選： D 。35. 根據(jù)第四段的第二行By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurant

53、s throughout the world. 可知， 19世紀(jì)中葉，全世界有很多類型的餐館，開始在國際上發(fā)展起來。故選： C。（C）Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk（ 垃圾 ）has become a problem in outer space too.According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floatin

54、g around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes （ 望遠(yuǎn)鏡 ）. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds fast that e

55、ven a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite h

56、it an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosph

57、ere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.Many scientists also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmospher

58、e to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and comput ers, ” says Marco Castr

59、onuovo, an Italian spaceResearcher.he sa)“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,36. What does the underlined word“these " in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Telescopes.B. Satellites.C. Pieces of space junk.D. BBC news reports.37. Why is space junk considered a problem?A. It buns up after it re-enters the atmosphereB. It often stops the view of telescopes on Ear