定語(yǔ)從句分類詳解

1、歡迎閱讀定語(yǔ)從句一、限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(一)限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用；而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。非 限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句往往有逗號(hào)割開(kāi)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于并列句、狀語(yǔ)從 句等。如：I want this man,who (二for he) can speak En glish.He gave up the pla n,which (=though it) was a very good one.I met Joh n,who (=a nd he) told me the n ews.I will tak

2、e this one,which (=for it) seems to be the best one.He has two sons, who work in the same compa ny. (He has on ly two son s.)He has two sonswho work in the same compa ny. (Perhaps he has more tha n two son s.)(二)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法1關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在任何情況下都不能省略；2、Who (主語(yǔ))，whom(賓語(yǔ))，which (主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))不能用that代替，也不

3、能互相替換；3、介詞+which/whom+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞不能移到從句的后面；4、when, where可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法(一)關(guān)系代詞的作用和分類1 、關(guān)系代詞的作用有三個(gè)：(1) 連接作用：關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)從句，把它和主句連接起來(lái)；(2) 替代作用：關(guān)系代詞在從句中替代它前面的先行詞；(3) 成分作用：關(guān)系代詞在從句中總是充當(dāng)句子成分。2 、關(guān)系代詞的用法分類從句 關(guān)系、格X用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非 限制性定語(yǔ)從句只用于限制性定語(yǔ)從 句指人 . 1 S -指物既指人又指物主格詞Who 1 . 1 ;1 1whichthat賓格詞Who(m)屬格詞Whose/of who

4、mWhose/of whichwhose關(guān)系代詞的用法與分類有三點(diǎn)依據(jù)：(1) 根據(jù)所引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性；(2) 根據(jù)所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物；(3) 根據(jù)它在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)。(二)關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，必須用關(guān)系代詞that的情況：(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞 all, much, little,something, everything, anything, nothing,the one 時(shí)。如：Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?You

5、should hand inall that you have.(2) 當(dāng)先行詞前面被 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等詞修飾時(shí)。如:This isthe very person tha t I ' m waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.(3) 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或者先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾 時(shí)。如：This isthe best that has bee n used aga inst pollutio n.Thi

6、s isthe most interesting film that I ' ve ever seen.(4) 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或它前面有序數(shù)詞修飾 時(shí)。如：This train isthe last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first America n film that you have see n?(5) 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6) 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞 who或which時(shí)。如：Which is t

7、he bike that you lost?Whois the boy that won the gold medal?(7) 有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:that could causewhich, of course,因此把介詞置于關(guān)系代They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things polluti on.(8) 當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:Sha nghai is no Ion ger the city that is used to be.2、定語(yǔ)從句

8、中，必須用 which的情況：(1) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只用 which不用that。如：Hele n was much kin der to her youn gest son tha n to the others, made the others envy him.(2) 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which不用that。如：This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割, 詞之前。如：This is the pen (which/that)I ' m looking for

9、.(三)關(guān)系代詞who, whom和whose的用法先行詞指人：在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用who，不克省略；在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whom/that, 可以省略；在定語(yǔ)從句中坐定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用 whose,不可省略。如：She is the girlwholives n ext door.作主語(yǔ)That ' s the girl (whom/that) I teach.作賓語(yǔ)That ' s the scientistwhose achievements are well known. 作定語(yǔ)This is the house whose win dow broke last ni

10、ght.=This is the house, the win dow of whichbroke last ni ght.=This is the house, of which the widowbroke last ni ght.(四)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom即：介詞+whom/whicho1. 當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom關(guān)系代詞不能省略。女口: Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?(2) He paid the bo

11、y 10 Yuan for washing ten windows,most of which hadn ' t beenclea ned for at least a year.(3) In the dark street, there wasn ' t a single personto whom she could turn forhelp.(4) Rece ntly I bought an ancient vase,the price of which was very reas on able.(5) The gentleman about whom you told

12、 me yesterday proved to be a thief.2. 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句的末尾時(shí)，可用that/which ,that/whom/who作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而且作介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。如：thatThis is the hero who we are proud of.Whom I J3. ”復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行 詞用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如：a big tall tree.He lived in a big house,in front of which stood4. 介詞+wh

13、ich/whom+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)in which to live . to live in.in which he can liveThe poor man has no house =The poor man has no house =The poor man has no house(五)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as在從句中作主關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句， 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Su1.其中關(guān)系代詞as在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如: We have found such materials as are used in their factory. He

14、 is not the same man as he was.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用于下列形式：+名詞+as像一樣的，像之類the same+ 名詞+as 和同樣的2. such as Such為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”，as在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，修飾先行詞 such.如：This book is not such as I expect.(六)關(guān)系代詞as, which的區(qū)別1. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時(shí)還克插入主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可以替代主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，而 不是主句中的某一個(gè)詞。如：The weathe

15、r turned out to be very good,which was more tha n we could expect.By serv ing others, a pers on focuses on some on eother tha n himself or herself, which can be very eye-ope ning and rewardi ng.2. 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句前面時(shí)，只能用 as.如：As is known to everybody , the moon travels round the earth once every mon th

16、.=The moon travels round the earth once every mon th,as/which is known to everybody.=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once everybody.=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every mon th.后面兩句屬于名詞性從句范疇。另外，as多用于下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中：as anybody can see正如

17、人人都能看到的那樣；as iswell-known=as is knownto all 眾所周知； as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣； as often happe ns 正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣； as has bee n said before女口上所述； as is men ti oned above 正如上面提到的。3 .當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句放在主句后面是，也并不是as就能永遠(yuǎn)等于which.(1) 當(dāng)限定性定于從句是否定句或表示否定時(shí)只能用which.女口：He came here very late, which was unexpected .Mr. Smith usu

18、ally praises his students Rose in public,which she doesn ' t likeat all.(2) 當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。女口： be known, be said, bereported, be announeed等。如果從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般用which作主語(yǔ)。女口： She hasbeen absent again,as is expected.她又缺席了，這在預(yù)料之中。Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy. Tom 取得了

19、很大的進(jìn)步，這使我很 高興。(3) 用在 as(it) seemslikely, as(it) ofte n happ in ess, as(it) was prin ted out, as(it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as I un dersta nd(it), as (it) appears等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Jack has won the first prize,as it ofte n happe ns.Jack和往常一樣，獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。She has read widely in Roma ntic literature,as it

20、appears from her essay.她廣泛涉獵了浪漫主意文學(xué)，這從她的文章中可以看出來(lái)。(4) as仍然保持作連詞時(shí)常有的某種含義。如：'-David is tall, as are my brothers .David很高，我的兄弟也一樣。He opposed the idea, as could be expected.不出所料，他反對(duì)這個(gè)意見(jiàn)。(5) 當(dāng)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如:Bettyalways tells a lie, which her pare nts find stra nge. 當(dāng)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句為否定句時(shí)

21、，常用which.如：Mr. Smith usually praises his student Rose in public,which she doesn ' t like at all.三、關(guān)系副詞的用法(一)當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。其中when=表時(shí)間的介詞(如：ai, i n,during 等) +which; where=表地點(diǎn)的介詞(如：in, at, on, under等) +which ； why=表原因的介詞(如：for)+which; how=表方式的介詞(如：in)+which。如：I still remember the day whe n

22、 I first came to Beiji ng.(whe n=on which) Can you tell me the office where he works? (where=in which) Do you know the reas onwhy he is abse nt?(why=for which)(二) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which)=where/when.有時(shí)候?yàn)楸磉_(dá)清楚，還可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前力卩介詞 from, to 等。如： China is the birth place of kite,from where kite flying spreadto

23、 Japa n, Korea, Thaila nd and In dia.(三) 對(duì)關(guān)系副詞where的考察對(duì)于where的考察趨于復(fù)雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點(diǎn)”轉(zhuǎn)化為“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于 where這個(gè)詞，不能只理解為表示地點(diǎn)。先行詞表示某人或物的situation ，或者某事所發(fā)展的stage，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)，都可以用 where，這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞，如：The accide nt had reached to a point where both their pare nts are to be called in. 事情發(fā)展到如此程度，不得不請(qǐng)雙方家長(zhǎng)來(lái)一趟了。這種用法不僅

24、僅限于定語(yǔ)從句，特殊疑問(wèn)句中、名詞性從句中也有如此用法。四、關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的比較引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞除了起連接先行詞和從句的作用外，他們還有一個(gè)最重要的作用，那就是他們分別在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。具體地說(shuō)，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)。因此，在選擇關(guān)系時(shí)，最重要的是分析一下定語(yǔ)從句中的成分，若從句中卻主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，那么必須用關(guān)系代詞，若主句中不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)則用 關(guān)系副詞。歡迎閱讀試比較下面的句子：（1）、Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Beijing? （

25、代）（2） 、Do you still remember the dayswhenwe spent the summer holidays in Beijing?（畐H）在句中，定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，第二局中，定語(yǔ)從句不缺賓語(yǔ)也不缺主語(yǔ)，因此用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)。五、定語(yǔ)從句用法其他要點(diǎn)（一）、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可省略。（二）、定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致；當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，那么定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱、數(shù)的方面，應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。1.o ne of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：The Great Wall is one of t

26、he world-famous build ingsthat draw lots of visitors. 長(zhǎng)城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。Tita nic is one of the won derful movies that have bee n produced in Hollywood.泰坦尼克號(hào)是好萊塢生產(chǎn)的最精彩的電影之一。2. the onlyone of+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：.The Great Wall is the only one of the build ingson the earth that is see n from the moon.

27、長(zhǎng)城是地球是唯一一一個(gè)能從月球上看到的建筑物。Tita nic is the only one of these won derful movies thathas bee n produced in Hollywood.在這些精彩的電影中，泰坦尼克號(hào)是唯一由好萊塢制作的電影。注意：not the only one of =one of 如：Tom isn ' t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.=Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.Tom并非是唯一一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的男孩=Tom只是通過(guò)考試的男孩中的一個(gè)。3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句