初中語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞不定式PPT課件

1、2021/8/141初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式講解不定式講解2021/8/142一、作主語(yǔ)，可以用it代替，it叫形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式放在后面叫真正主語(yǔ)1To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2. Its dangerous to drive very fast.2021/8/143二、作表語(yǔ)My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是馬上給他打電話。如果主語(yǔ)部分含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，且作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞又是“do”的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)表語(yǔ)不定式

2、的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在這里等。2021/8/144三、?？山觿?dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(決定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失敗), want(想要), begin(開始), would like(想要)等。He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已決心去鄉(xiāng)下。2021/8/145四、“疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以作動(dòng)詞know、think、find out等的賓語(yǔ)。I dont kn

3、ow who to ask. 我真不知道該問誰(shuí)。2021/8/146五、“疑問詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式”可以作動(dòng)詞show、teach、ask等后面的直接賓語(yǔ)。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告訴我什么地方可以找到耳機(jī)。2021/8/147六、如果賓語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + it + 賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞) + to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為find、think、feel等。I found it difficult to stop him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)攔截他很困難。2021/8/148七、動(dòng)詞不定式可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

4、。Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即將開始。Im worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步該怎么辦。2021/8/149八、作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of books to read. 我有許多書要讀。此時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面的介詞絕對(duì)不能省略。We had only a cold room to live in. 我們只有寒室一間。2021/8/1410九、作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。He is always the first to come a

5、nd the last to leave. 他總是第一個(gè)到，最后一個(gè)走。十、作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾詞之間只有修飾關(guān)系。We have no time to go to town today. 今天我們沒有時(shí)間去城里。2021/8/1411十一、作狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、結(jié)果等。Im glad to meet you. 見到你，我很高興。They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他們跑過來歡迎外賓。2021/8/1412十二、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“for sb to do sth”可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。Its for her

6、 to decide. 這得由她來決定。（表語(yǔ)）There are many books for you to read. 這有許多書供你閱讀。（定語(yǔ)）The book is too difficult for children to read. 這本書太難了，孩子們看不懂。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）2021/8/1413不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，需注意：Its + 形容詞 + for / of + sb + to do sth.當(dāng)上面的形容詞指的是to do sth的性質(zhì)時(shí)，用介詞for。Its dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在這條河里游泳很危

7、險(xiǎn)。（游泳這件事情危險(xiǎn)）當(dāng)上面的形容詞指的是sb的性質(zhì)時(shí)，用介詞of。這些形容詞往往修飾人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, carelessIt was careless of you to do that. 你這么做真粗心。（你這個(gè)人粗心）2021/8/1414十三、動(dòng)詞hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不能帶to, 即常見的形式為: hear sb do sth等Many people

8、like to watch others play games. 許多人喜歡看別人玩游戲.2021/8/1415十四、let, make, have后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), 也不能帶to; help后面的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ), to可有可無She let us meet her at the station, but she didnt come. 她讓我們?nèi)ボ囌居铀?卡她沒有來.2021/8/1416十六、跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, bel

9、ieve, find, know, want, think, understand, would like等形式為: ask sb to do sthWould you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜訪他?I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天不要來.He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司機(jī)攔下那輛摩托車.2021/8/1417十七、區(qū)別下列詞組的不同含義:like to do sthlike doing sthstop to do sthstop doing s

10、thremember to do sthremember doing sthforget to do sthforget doing sth2021/8/1418十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花費(fèi)某人一段時(shí)間干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小時(shí)做回家作業(yè).It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)看這本書.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母親花了一個(gè)半小時(shí)干家務(wù).2021/8/1419用漢字表述上面的句型為: