專業(yè)八級分類模擬398

1、專業(yè)八級分類模擬398（總分：85.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘）一、LANGUAGE USAGE、題數(shù)：4,分?jǐn)?shù)：85.00）When we speak to another individual or group, the distanceour bodies are physically apart also communicates a message. Most of us are unaware for the importance of space in communication until 1 we are confronting with someone who uses it

2、 differently. For 2 instance, we all have a sense of which is a comfortable interaction 3 distance to a person with whom we are speaking. If that person gets closer than the distance in which we are comfortable, we usually 4 automatically back up to reestablish our comfort zone. Similarly, if we fee

3、l that we are too far away from the person we are talking to, we likely to close the distance between us. If two speakers have 5 different comfortable interaction distances, a ballet of shifting positions usually occurs until one of the individuals is backed into a corner and feels threatened with w

4、hat may be perceived 6 like hostile. As a result, the verbal message may not be listened to 7 or understood as it is intended. 8_Comfort in interaction distance mostly has to do with the distance between faces that are looking directly at each other. Most people do not have the same feeling about ph

5、ysical closeness if they do not have eyes contact. In a crowd or an elevator, people usually 9_choose to not to look at anyone in order to avoid feeling. 10 （分?jǐn)?shù)： 25.00 ）解析：for of解析固定搭配中的介詞誤用。be unaware of sth.是固定搭配，意為“沒有意識到某事”。 此處意為“我們中的多數(shù)人在溝通時(shí)沒有意識到保持距離的重要性?！苯馕觯篶onfronting confronted解析非謂語動詞誤用。be con

6、fronted with 意為“面對，面臨"，應(yīng) 該用過去分詞confronted。解析:which what解析關(guān)系代詞誤用。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應(yīng)該使用的關(guān)系代詞是what而不是which，what既作介詞of的賓語，又作從句的主語。此處意為“例如，在同別人交談時(shí)，對于什么是一個(gè)舒適的 互動距離，我們都有一定的感知。” 解析：in at解析介詞誤用。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞which指代的是distance，與distance搭配的介詞應(yīng)該為at，而不是in，女口 keep sb. at a distance“與某人保持一定的距離”。解析：人likely are解析be動詞缺失。be li

7、kely to是固定搭配，意為“很有可能，傾向于”。由于 主語是we,因此缺失be動詞are。此處意為“我們傾向于拉近我們之間的距離。” 解析：with by解析介詞誤用。threatened意為“受到威脅的”，其后應(yīng)該使用介詞by，表示“被所威脅”。解析：like as解析介詞誤用。perceive as 是固定搭配，意為“視為，當(dāng)作”。此處意為“直到其中 一個(gè)人被逼迫到角落，并且被一種敵對感所威脅。”解析：is was解析時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。在這里 be intended 應(yīng)該發(fā)生在 be listened to or understood之前，因此be動詞應(yīng)該用過去式 was。此處意為“語言上的信

8、息也許不會像原本打算的那樣被聽到或者被理解（即原意可能會被曲解）?！苯馕觯篹yes eye解析名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。eye contact是固定說法，意為“眼神交流”， eye在這里使用 單數(shù)形式。此處意為“大多數(shù)人在沒有眼神交流的情況下是不會有相同的身體上的親密感的?！?解析：第一個(gè)to 解析不定式符號to冗余。choose not to do sth.中的不定式符號to應(yīng)該用在not后面，因此將not前面的to去掉。"Almost universally, women have failed to reach leadingpositions in major corporations

9、 and private sector organizations,respective of their abilities," said author Linda Wirth. "The higher 11the position, the glaring the gender gap." The ILO said men 12 traditionally rely in "old boy" networks to climb up the ladder. 13 Women are more "invisible" in

10、 the corporate world but they are less 14 keen on informal gatherings. They are also fighting a losing battle for 15 against sexual harassment.A British study found that women in one company subjecting to 16continuing sexual harassment and bullying failed to achieve promotion whatever strategy they

11、used. "Protesting and complaining earned them a label of "feminist" and "whining", while trying to 17 be one of the men invited further harassment," the ILO report said. A survey of 300 companies in Britain last year found that just 3 percent of board members are women.

12、 In the FTSE top 100 18 companies listed in Britain, women held just 4 percent of directors" posts, while female managers earned just 71 percent of the salary of their male counterpart, the ILO report said. 19British female managers as a whole earned 83 percent of thesalaries of their male coun

13、terpartsputting them ahead of theircounterparts in most other countries.The situation in Germany was no better. A survey of 70,000largest companies found that women there held just 1 to 3 percent ofthe top executive and boardroom positions. The ILO also reportedthat the comparative high proportion o

14、f women executives in large 20French companies 13 percent was now falling again from the1980s levels.（分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00 ）解析：respective irrespective 解析語義錯(cuò)誤。結(jié)合下文可以看出，此句要表達(dá)的意思是“不管她們 的能力如何，在大多數(shù)公司或私營組織中，女性都很難取得領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位，這種情況幾乎是普遍的?！?respective 意為“各自的，分別的"，而irrespective 才表示"不管的，不顧的"，且通常與 of連用。解析：人glaring

15、 more解析形容詞比較級錯(cuò)誤。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“職位越高，性別差距就越明 顯"，由前面的the higher可知后句也應(yīng)該使用比較級，故在glaring 前面加more。解析：in on解析固定搭配中的介詞誤用。rely on“依靠，依賴"，為固定搭配，故將in改為on。解析：but because解析連詞誤用。上半句說“女性在公司中比較隱形化”，下半句說“女性不太 熱衷于同事間的私下聚會”，可見下半句是對上半句的解釋，邏輯上是因果關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。解析：for 解析介詞冗余。fight against sth. 意為“為反對而戰(zhàn)”是固定搭配，這句話的意思是“她們

16、在反對性騷擾的斗爭中也處于劣勢?！苯馕觯簊ubjecting subjected解析非謂語動詞誤用。subject to是固定搭配，意為“使經(jīng)受，使遭受”， 常使用被動語態(tài)。該句的謂語部分是failed to ，而subjected to.作后置定語修飾 women解析：athe解析冠詞誤用。label在這里由后面的of "feminist ' and 'whining '修飾，表特指， 應(yīng)該使用定冠詞the限定。解析：are were解析時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。文章通篇采用的都是一般過去時(shí)，且主句時(shí)態(tài)也為一般過去時(shí)，所以 從句謂語應(yīng)使用過去式 were。解析：counte

17、rpart counterparts 解析名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤。counterpart 表示“與之相對應(yīng)的人或物”， 等同于前面的managers，所以應(yīng)使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。解析：comparative comparatively解析詞性混用。結(jié)合上下文看，這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“在法國的 大公司里，女主管的比例相對來說要高一些"，應(yīng)使用副詞comparatively來修飾形容詞high。The aim of a job interview is to establish whether you are likelyto do well in a particular job in a speci

18、fic organization. This is notonly a matter of having the necessary technological knowledge and 21_skills. You must also have the motivation, the ability to adapt tonew ways of working and a new work environment, and the 22 personality to do the job and fit into a new team. But there are other person

19、al skills affect your success in a job. These include getting on 23 with people, oral or written communication, team working, problem 24 solving and good time management.Most people think that interviewers know what they are looking for and will recognize when they see it. However, people are 25 act

20、ually not very good at assessing one and another. This applies to 26 recruiters as much as anyone else. In fact, a former head of selection at one big firm used to say that "some interviewers are so poor that they would do better to rely on chances".In companies which recognize this, vario

21、us methods are used to try to find the correct person. The most common is the structured 27 interview. Research has shown that this approach is more reliable than the ordinary job interview, even no as effective as using tests or 28 assessment centers. In a structured interview the interviewer group

22、s the qualities listing in the job specification under various headings. 29 There are two well-established structures for this: the NationalInstitute of Industrial Psychology"s Seven-Point Plan and the FiveFold Grading System. The interviewers score candidates for how well 30they fit the job sp

23、ecification.（分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00 ）解析：technological technical 解析形近詞誤用。technological表“科技的，工程的”，而 technical則可指“（某工作或?qū)I(yè)需要的）技能的”，此處指“工作必需的技能”，故應(yīng)使用technical 。解析：人a to解析 介詞缺失。句中的 a new work environment 和 new ways of working 并列充當(dāng) adapt to的賓語，介詞to在此不能省略。解析：affect affecting 或人affect that/which 解析動詞形式錯(cuò)誤或從句引導(dǎo)詞缺失。這句話已經(jīng) 有了謂

24、語動詞are，所以動詞affect應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞 affecting作后置定語，修飾前面的other personalskills ;還可以在affect 前面加上引導(dǎo)詞that或者 which，以定語從句的形式修飾 other personal skills 。解析：or and解析連詞誤用。全方位的交際能力應(yīng)該包括oral和written兩部分，而不是其中之一，所以應(yīng)使用連詞and。解析：recognize A it解析代詞缺失。賓語從句中的謂語動詞recognize為及物動詞，其后應(yīng)該接賓語，it在此處指代前文中的 what they are looking for 。解析：and 解析

25、固定搭配錯(cuò)誤。one another為固定搭配，意思是“互相，彼此”。解析：correct right解析近義詞誤用。當(dāng)right和correct都表示“對的，正確的，準(zhǔn)確的”時(shí)，可 以互換，但此處right要表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該是“適宜的，合適的”，所以不可以與 correct換用。解析：nonot解析副詞誤用。此處需要副詞修飾effective ，no 一般修飾名詞，而not則可修飾形容了詞。解析：listing listed解析非謂語動詞誤用。the qualities 與list是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以這里 應(yīng)使用list的過去分詞形式，表示被動。同時(shí)還可以理解為which/that are

26、 listed 這樣一個(gè)定語從句的省略形式。解析：for against解析介詞誤用。score.against. 是固定搭配，意思是“根據(jù)打分（評判）”。For the first time in 70 years, the Food and Drug Administration （FDA） released two major requirements for improving food safety.On Friday, the FDA released two draft rule proposals for food safety that will allow the FDA

27、to shift its focus to preventing, rather than simply 31 react, to food borne illnesses. Despite the delay, public health advocates 32 heralded the proposals as a major step in implementing the landmark FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) that President Obama had signed 33 into law two years ago

28、, giving the FDA one year to put the policies in the 34 place.The regulations needed, as evidenced by the series of dangerous food 35 safety slip-ups in recent years that required recalls of spinach, cantaloupe, sprouts, turkey and ground beef with microbes, as well as the FDA"s shut-in 36 of t

29、he organic peanut butter plant Sunland Inc. in New Mexico, which produced salmonella-tainted peanut butter that sickened 42 consumers nationwide.The regulations, the first reforms in food safety in more than 70 years, are designed to address gaps in food production and manufacturing processes that l

30、eave an estimated 48 millions Americans sick each year, 37 according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （CDC）. When 38 not all of these illnesses are reported, the FDA says that nearly 130,000 people who contract a food-related disease are hospitalized and 3,000 die for the illness. So when the deadline to issue regulatory rules in 2012 came 39 and went, two nonprofit organizations, the Center for Food Safety and The Center for Environmental Health praised the agency for unreasonable 40 delays and filed a lawsuit.（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00 ）解析：（focus）to on 考點(diǎn)本題考查名詞和介詞的固定搭配。解