直接引語變間接引語的用法

1、直接引語變間接引語的用法一、如何變?nèi)朔Q ;下面有一句順口溜 “一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新 ”?！耙浑S主 ”是指在直接引語變間接引語時， 如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。 從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me." She said her brother wanted to gowith her.“二隨賓 ”是指直接引語變間接引語時， 若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎?。 從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，

2、如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" He asked Kate how her sister wasthen?！暗谌朔Q不更新 ”是指直接引語變間接引語時。 如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。 " Mr. Smith said Jack was a goodworker。二、如何變時態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應的調(diào)整?，F(xiàn)在時它需改為過去時態(tài)；過去時態(tài)改為完成時；過

3、去完成時則保留原來的時態(tài)。如：1)She said. "I have lost a pen." She said she had lost a pen.2)She said. "We hope so." She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。" She said he wouldgo to see his friend。但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語是客觀真理。"The earth mo

4、ves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引語是 過去進行時 ，時態(tài)不變。如：Jack said.“ John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jackasked John where he was going when he met

5、him in the street。直接引語中有 具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980。" Xiao Wang said eh was bornon April 20, 1980 。直接引語如果是 一般現(xiàn)在時 。表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：He said, "I get up at six every morning。" He said he gets up at six everymorning。如果直接引

6、語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時 的形式（例： ought to， had better,used to)和已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：Peter said. "You had better come have today。" Peter said I had better go therethat day。三、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語， 狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則， 時間狀語由 “現(xiàn)在 ”改為 “原來 ”（例： now 變?yōu)?then, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before）地點狀語，尤其表示方向

7、性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此 ”改為 “彼”（例： this 改為 that),如：He said, "These books are mine." He said those books were his.四、如何變句型：直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由 said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."that 引導的賓語從句。如： She She said that their bus would arrive infive minutes.直接引語如果是 反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接

8、引語 應改為由 whether 或 if 引導的賓語從句 .如： He said, "Can you swim, John?" He askedJohn if he could swim."You have finished the homework, haven t you?" my mother asked. My motherasked me whether I had finished the homework."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" He asked me if I

9、went to school by busor by bike.直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序 ）。She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?" She asked me when they hadtheir dinner.直接引語如果是祈使句， 間接引語應改為 "tell(ask, order, beg等 ) sb.(not) to dosth."句型。如："Don t make any noise," she s

10、aidto the children. She told (ordered) the childrennot to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. She asked him to bring her a cup oftea.直接引語如果是以 “Let 開s頭”的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用 “suggest +動句詞（或從句）。 ”如：He said, " Let s go to the film."ggestedHegoingsu to the film.或 He

11、suggestedthat they should go to see the film.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：John said, "I m going to London with my father."約翰說： "我要和父親到倫敦去。 "（引號內(nèi)是直接引語）John said that he was going to London with his father.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：

12、1、直接引語是陳述句時間接引語為 that 引導的賓語從句（口語中that 可以省略），主句的引述動詞主要有 say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。He said, "You are younger than I.” He said (that) I was younger than him.2、直接引語是疑問句時間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動詞say 改為 ask,或改為 wonder, do notknow, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。（1） 一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f (whether)

13、引導的賓語從句。She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?" She asked me if 或( whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me whether(或 if )I had seen the film.（2） 選擇疑問句變?yōu)?whether.or 賓語從句。I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?" I asked him wh

14、ether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導的賓語從句。He asked, "Where do you live?" He asked me where I lived.3、直接引語是祈使句時間接引語為不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動詞的賓語補足語（ dont變?yōu)?not ） .The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."open the windo

15、w.His father said to him,“ Don t leave the door open.leave the door open. The teacher told the boy to ” His father told him not to注意 （1）有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等動詞 加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：He said, "Let s go to the theatre." He suggested (our )going to the theatre或. He suggested that we(shoul

16、d) go to the theatre.(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked. He asked me to open the window."Why don t you take a walk after supper?" he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper. "Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. He suggested listening to the

17、 music. 4、直接引語是感嘆句時間接引語為 what 或 how 引導，也可以用 that 引導。She said, "What a lovely day it is !" She said what a lovely day it was 或. She said that it was a lovely day.5、如果主句謂語動詞為各種現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則間接引語中的動詞仍保持直接引語原來時態(tài)。 如果主句謂語動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)按下列變化：（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時（2） 現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時（3） 一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時（4） 現(xiàn)在完

18、成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時（5） 一般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時（6） 過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時注意 （1） 如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.（2） 如果直接引語中有明確表示過時間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般過去時不改為過去完成時。如：He said to me, "I was born in 1973." He told

19、 me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引語所述事實在當時和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：He said, "I m a boy, not a girl." He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣動作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." The girl said that she gets up

20、at six every morning.(5)如果直接引語中含有since, when, while 引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如：He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." He told me that he had taught English since he came here.(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動詞的過去式 could, might, should,

21、would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，這些情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的改變。例如：The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , "I could swim when I was only six ." He said that he could swim when he was on

22、ly six.6.代詞等一般地應作用相應的變化。指示代詞this -thatthese- those表示時間的詞now - thentoday- that daythis week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc)yesterday -the day beforelast week(month) - the week(month) beforethree days(a year)ago-three days(a year)beforetomorrow -the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(f

23、ollowing)week(month)表地點的詞here -there動詞 bring - takecome go直接引語變間接引語的用法及講解定義：直接引語：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號。例： He said:" It is too late."間接引語：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語從句的形式構(gòu)成。例： He said it was too late.直接引語與間接引語相互轉(zhuǎn)化時應注意的問題第一：人稱的變化。主語為第一人稱的直接引語，變間接引語時，人稱要做相應調(diào)整。例如：直接引語She said:" I am hungry."間接引語

24、She said she was hungry.直接引語Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."間接引語Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.第二：時態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語時，間接引語的時態(tài)要與主句的時態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律如下圖。注意：1.直接引語為客觀真理時，間接引語時態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."Teacher

25、told us the moon moves round the earth.2.直接引語 為一般過去時并且與具體時間狀語連用時，間接引語仍用一般過去時。例如： She said:" I went to England in 1998."She said she went to England in 1998.3.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，間接引語時態(tài)不變。He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."He says that he bought me a book yesterday.第三：指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語和動詞的變化。第四：句式上的變化1.陳述句變間接引語時，用that 連接。如： She said:" I am a girl."She sai