主謂一致之意義一致原則

1、主謂一致邏輯意義一致原則一.主謂一致的種類1 語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形 式。如：The nu mber of the stude nts prese nt is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2 意義上一致1） 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouti ng.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, , cattle等。2） 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。女口： The news was so surpris ing.形復(fù)意單的單

2、詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如physics， politics,econo mics 等。3. 就近原則即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or, either -or,neithernot,ot onlybutalso等連接的并列主語，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù) 數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：Either your stude nts or Mr. Wang knows this.二、邏輯意義一致原則邏輯意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù))。1. what， who， which

3、， any，more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)， 主要靠意思來決定。如：Which (be) your bag? / Which (be) your bags?All (be) going well. / All (be) gone to Beijing.a. I know that allgett ing on well with her.A. were B. are C. is D. wasb. The boy sitti ng by the win dow is the only one of the stude nts whofrom thecoun tryside in

4、our school.A. was B. were C. is D. are2. 表示 時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用 單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes iseno ugh for the worka. Twenty milesa long way to cover.A. seem to be B. is C. are D. wereb. Ten thousa nd dollarsquite a large sum.A.are B. is C. were D. have3. 若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、

5、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：“The Arabian Nights ” is an interestingSOok*a. The Arabia n Nightswell known to En glish lovers.A. is being B. are C. were D. isb. The Uni ted Natio nsin 1945.A. was found B. was foun ded C. were foun dedD. were foundc. Stories of the Long Marchpopular with the young people n

6、ow.A. is B. was C. are D. were4. 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，例如： One and a half bananas is left o n the table.a. One and a half appleson the table.A. are left B. is left C. have left D. has left5. 算式中表示數(shù)目(字)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。女口： Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six di

7、vided by eight is seven.a. Ni ne plus threetwelve.A. are mak ing B. is mak ingC. make D. makes6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以-cs 結(jié)尾，女口： mathematics, politics， physics 以及 news，works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時(shí)， 其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990.a. Politicsone of the subjects that I study.A. are B. is C.

8、 were D. wasb. Mathematicsthe Ian guage of scie nee.A. are B. are going to beC. isD. is to be7. trousers glasses clothes， shoes 等詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The pair ofshoes un der the bed is his.a. This pair of trouseistoo long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.wereb. My glasses br

9、okenA.is B. are C. being D. has being8. 定冠詞the +形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。a. The poor in an undeveleped countryA. live B. lived C. lives D. livi ngb. The blind in special schools.A. study B. studies C. study ing D. studied練習(xí)：1.1 think physics easy to study.A. is n ' B. aren'tC. was D. had bee n2

10、. The oldwell looked after by the gover nment in Chi na.A. is B. are C. has bee n D. was3. Your trousersdirty you must havewashed.A. is; it B. are; it C. are; them D. is; thems history.4. “ The Kites ” us a story of the kiteA. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told5. Those whoincompositi ons pleas

11、e hand them in this after noon.A. has n't han ded; his B. have n't han ded; theirC.has han ded; their D. have han ded; his6. This pair of shoesmade in Nanjing.A.is B. are C. have bee n D. had bee n7. Eight times eightsixty - four.A.is B.are C.get D.equal8. The United States of Americaone of the most developed countries in theworld.A. is B. are C. was D. were9. His "Selected Poems"first published in 1965.A.were B. was C. has bee n D. are10.