外文文獻及翻譯：基于注射成型機性能基礎上的模型演變和再利用技術

1、基于注射成型機性能基礎上的模型演變和再利用技術1.導論注塑機的性能技術在配置設計中占有重要地位，以滿足客戶對性能的要求，這是一個突出的產品模型的演變和再利用技術。性能技術的研究主要關注于產品的配置建模，這決定了產品的性能和質量，性能技術的表達有助于產品設計、產品模型的演變和注塑機性能技術的重用。性能技術可以驅動的產品的設計過程。事實上，注塑機生產模式本身的發(fā)展動態(tài)和設計知識應該重復使用。作為一種以性能技術為基礎的設計活動，產品模型的演變和再利用技術最近吸引了大量研究和產業(yè)的興趣。Troxlor介紹了產品設計管理的有關知識，在知識獲取、建模、檢索和出版這幾個方面作了研究。Pan研究了以知識和知識

2、模型的展示為基礎的產品創(chuàng)新設計技術。Tan介紹了多種方式來表達大規(guī)模定制模式的知識配置。Waterson證實了以知識基礎為系統(tǒng)的本體論承諾。在現(xiàn)代產品設計方法中，就必定有一些產品型號和性能演變的歷史知識的管理和維修問題。否則，舊的知識、完成了性能的產品應加以更新和完善，因為功能在改進、顧客的要求在改變等等。也就是說，性能技術和設計結果應是基于當前產品模型的改進和修改，使之成為一個新的注塑機產品，以滿足新的設計要求。與原來的產品相比，新的注塑機必須有類似的結構、協(xié)調能力或強大的功能。在注塑機的產品型號不斷演變過程中，注塑機的性能得到不斷地完善和豐富。現(xiàn)在，在多出口的市場經濟環(huán)境下，制造業(yè)面臨著巨

3、大的挑戰(zhàn)。注塑機生產模式的動態(tài)演變、更新和改進業(yè)績方面，需要對注塑機的產品、模型及性能技術重用技術進行一步研究。2. 產品模型動態(tài)演化的驅動因素2.1注射成型機產品的動態(tài)模型注塑機配置設置過程中的各個方面決定了它是一個動態(tài)的過程。它的動態(tài)主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：（1）注射機的各組件是動態(tài)的根據注塑機產品模型的演變,一些新的部件將被添加到設備中,舊元件都將被刪除掉以完善和更新產品。（2）注射機部件的組成元件是動態(tài)的產品模型中的一些部件將重塑材料、色彩等特點,以提高產品模型的整體外觀。（3）注射機產品型號的銷售動態(tài)因為設計要求改變，該產品型號在某些設計環(huán)境中將轉化為其他模式。（4）整個注射機是動態(tài)

4、的在產品完全設計的生命周期里，注射機的一個或兩個部件將被更新或維持。（5）客戶對注塑機的個別需求是動態(tài)的同一客戶或不同客戶的需求在不同時間或不同的環(huán)境將發(fā)生變化。2.2注塑機演變的驅動因素注塑機產品模型的演變原因是功能的改進、性能的提升、設計要求的改變等等。它明確顯示在以下三個方面，如圖2-1所示。圖2-1注塑機演變的驅動因素（1）注射機部件產品模型的改變通過改變元件可以獲得新功能，組成元件中的各部分將被更新和取代。產品結構將符合復雜的組成部分或分支部分。（2）注射機性能的完善和更新如果是有保證的一個組成部分，限制條件的其他可選組件將會改變，因為性能將確定其規(guī)則和限制。（3）其他方面安全和環(huán)境

5、標準在不同的國家是不同的，個別的需求和規(guī)則的可變驅動著注塑機的演變。3.性能技術推動著產品模型的演變3.1性能的傳遞和變化注射機的性能技術主要有兩種，一種是文件技術（DK），另一種是部件技術（PK）。DK是視覺表達和注射機設計參數的公共承載者。PK是注射機結構和層次信息的承擔者（不包含DK）。為了詳細地記錄注射機的性能信息，并提供設備以更新、維護和重新利用產品，以及上層傳遞規(guī)則通過在注塑機上的配置設計。當下層結構已經演變時，上層性能技術也將演變，這是因為結構和功能發(fā)生變化。例如，如圖3-1所示，CK是上層性能技術，它由CK1和CK2兩個下層性能技術組成。當CK1從V1演變到V2時，將從V1演變

6、到V3。圖3-1性能技術的上層傳遞規(guī)則注射機性能有兩種方式的變化，一種是對前性能技術修改，性能技術的基本特點（如功能，結構，單元，外部接口等）沒有變化，一些性能技術的定義只能多種多樣。另一個是性能技術的版轉化，性能技術的特點本身可以不同，這是一種激進的方式。在注射機的結構設計中，這是一種增強功能、提高性能的重要方法。3.2注塑機產品模型的演變根據注塑機的性能技術，注塑機產品模型的演變可分為三個層次，如圖3-2所示。圖3-2注塑機的產品模型層次的演變第一個層次是注塑機性能技術的描述層，它可以保持在一定程度上。第二個層次記錄前演化模型和在第一級基礎上的產品配置的歷史資料。第三個層次是一個完美的設計

7、環(huán)境，包含了注射機性能技術的傳遞和演變。兩個工具之間的差異可以實現(xiàn)的，并且產品可以在任何時候得到改善。獲得一個有條理、容易理解的方法來描述產品，是我們要達到的目標。目前，產品型號演變的研究主要集中在第一級，沒有考慮到產品型號的傳遞和變化。最新的產品模式將被隨時采用，忽略了這些部件的性能技術。因為種種原因，在注塑機的實際配置設計，產品模型的傳遞和變化推動著產品模型的演變。在產品性能的傳遞和變化過程中，產品模型也得到了演變。這是上層的演變，也是一種注塑機演化模式，可以有效地記錄產品型號和性能技術的演變過程，如圖3-3所示。第四部分P4由V1演變到V2，導致元件C1從V1演變到V2，產品模型PM同樣

8、從V0演變到V1。當性能技術演變時，產品型號可以使用最新的性能技術以實現(xiàn)產品模型的演變。圖3-3 產品模型的演變4注塑機性能技術的重復利用4.1性能技術重復利用的定義配置設計的反復利用可以被定義為“以前產品為例，客戶的要求和新的產品型號能獲得新的注塑機可滿足客戶的要求?！弊⑺軝C的模型概念如下所示：Inputs：R：注塑機的實例結果ReMd：注塑機模型性能技術反復利用F(R,R r)：限制功能Outputs：Rr：注塑機性能技術的反復利用r1, r2 rn：運行一系列工具的性能技術反復利用And：Rr Md；Rr ReMd；Rr = (rl，r2 rn)R；Rr是最優(yōu)化“”的意思是滿足。F(R,

9、 Rr) 的構造及其應用涉及到實際應用領域。前者的知識應該像自己最好的的能力一樣修改的越少越好，并且應采用低成本項目。4.2性能技術重復利用的算法實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn)注塑機的性能技術的反復利用應是第三層次產品模型的演變。各種各樣的信息是前提,這些信息應該是建立在第一和第二層次之上。該產品模型是在時間T1的PM1，有一種是根據客戶的要求CR1的設計Rr1。產品模型在時間T2變成了PM2，并且顧客的要求變成了CR2。算法的主要思想如下，如圖4-1所示。圖4-1重新利用算法的主要思想第一步：客戶的新要求(CR2)應該被證實,當前一體化產品模型（PM2)應得到保證；第二步：設定一個新的采用一體化產品模型（PM2）

10、的虛擬設計(VDP2)和新客戶的要求（CR2）。第三步：在VDP2中逐個檢查每一部分，每個部分的操作如下：如果這個部分在VDP2中，而不在P1中，將其添加到P1中；如果這個部分不在VDP2中，而在P1中，將其P1中刪除；如果這個部分既在VDP2中又在P1中，而結構又不同，將這個部分用P1代替；如果在VDP2中有未檢測到的部分，返回到第一步；第四步：配置設計重新利用的結果是P2=P1；第五步：結束。5實例以HT1800X1N系列注塑機為例, 闡釋了注塑機產品模型和性能演化的重復利用。使用以上這種模型演變和復用技術, 計算機輔助產品結構設計系統(tǒng)是基于產品性能而設計的。圖5-1展示了HT1800X1

11、N系列注塑機模型演變的過程。圖5-1HT1800X1N系列注塑機模型演變的過程6結論產品模型演變和性能技術的重復利用是注塑機設計必不可少的組成部分。隨著注塑機結構設計的采用，關于性能技術重復利用方面的研究變的越來越重要。首先，分析了注塑機產品模型的動態(tài)。其次，注塑機產品模型的演變被分成了三個層次。實現(xiàn)性能技術有了實際有效地算法。最后，以HT1800X1N系列注塑機為例闡述了算法的正確性和可行性。Model evolvement and reuse technology of injection molding machine based on performance knowledge1Int

12、roductionPerformance knowledge occupies an important place in the configuration design of injection molding machines to meet the clients performance requirements. And it is one of highlights of product model evolvement and reuse technology. The research of performance knowledge mainly fuscous on pro

13、duct configuration modeling which decides the product functions and quality, performance knowledge expression which helps the product design, product model evolvement and performance knowledge reuse of injection molding machines.Performance knowledge can drive the product design process. In point of

14、 fact, injection molding machines product model itself evolves dynamically and the design knowledge should be reused. As a performance knowledge-based design activity, product model evolvement and reuse technology has recently attracted a lot of research and industrial interest. Troxlor presented th

15、e management of product design knowledge. The knowledge acquirement, model, retrieve and publishment were studied. Pan researched on product innovative design technology based on knowledge and presented the knowledge model. Tan introduced the multiple ways to express the configuration knowledge in m

16、ass customization model. Waterson verified the ontological commitment in knowledge-based system. In modern product design methods, there must be some management and maintenance problems of product model evolvement and performance knowledge history. Otherwise, the old performance knowledge of complet

17、ed product should be updated and consummated because of the function improvement, the customer requirement change and so on. That is, the performance knowledge and design result should be improved and modified based on current product model to make it to be a new injection molding machine product wh

18、ich meets the new design requirements. Compared with the original product, the new injection molding machine must have similar structure and coordinate or enhanced functions concurrently. Performance knowledge are consummated and enriched during the evolvement process of injection molding machines p

19、roduct model ceaselessly.Now, there are formidable challenges among the manufacturing enterprises in the multi-outlet market economy environment. To make injection machines meet the customers individual requirements, the research on product model evolvement technology becomes more and more important

20、. The dynamic evolvement of injection molding machines product model and the updating and improvement of performance knowledge demand the further research on injection molding machines product. model and performance knowledge reuse technology 2. Product model dynamics and evolvement driven factors 2

21、.1 Product model dynamics of injection molding machines Every aspect of the process of injection molding machine configuration design determines that it is a dynamic processIts dynamics mainly appear as the following aspects： (1) Component sets of injection molding machines are dynamic With the evol

22、vement of injection molding machines product model, some new components would be added into the sets，and some old components which were eliminated would be deleted from the sets to perfect or update the completed products (2) Parts of injection molding machines components are dynamic.Some parts in t

23、he product model would remodel their materials, colors and such characters to improve the product model integral performance.(3) Product models of injection molding machine sale dynamic The product models in some design environment would transform into other models because of design requirements cha

24、nging (4) Completed injection molding machines are dynamic. In the life-cycle of completely designed products, one or two parts of the injection molding machines would be updated or maintained (5) Customers individual requirements of injection molding machines are dynamic The same customer or differ

25、ent customers requirements would be changed in different time or different environment.2.2 Evolvement driven factors of injection molding machinesThe evolvement causations of injection molding machinesproduct model are function improvement，performance elevation，design requirements changing and so on

26、It specifically appears as the following three aspects, as shown in Fig.2-1Fig.2-1 Evolvement driven factors of injection molding machines(1) Changing of components in the injection molding machinesproduct models New function could be obtained by modifying the componentsParts in the components would

27、 be updated and replacedProduct structure would be conformed by components compounding or decomposing. (2) Perfecting and updating of the injection molding machine performance knowledge If one component is assured, the restriction conditions of other optional components would be changed because the

28、performance knowledge would define the rules and restricts (3) Other aspects Security and environmental standards are varient in different countriesIndividual requirements and variable rules could drive the evolvement of injection molding machines 3. Product model evolvement driven by performance kn

29、owledge3.1 Passing and variance of performance knowledgeThere are mainly two kinds of injection molding machines performance knowledgeOne is document knowledge (DK). Another is part knowledge (PK) DK is the visual expression and common carrier of injection molding machinesdesign dataPK is the carrie

30、r of injection molding machines structure and layer information which isnt contained by DK.To record performance knowledge information in detail and afford facility for products updating， maintenance and reuse，upper-layer passing rules are adopted in the injection molding machines configuration desi

31、gn Upper layer performance knowledge would be evolved when the lower layer configuration has evolved because of the structure and function changing. For example, in Fig.3-1，CK is the upper layer performance knowledgeIt comprises CK1 and CK2 which are lower layer performance knowledgeWhen CK1 evolves

32、 from V1 to V2, CK would evolve from V1 to V3.Fig.3-1 Performance knowledges upper-layer passing ruleThere are two modes of injection molding machines performance knowledge varianceOne is the modification of former performance knowledgeThe basic properties (such as function，structure，unit，exterior i

33、nterface and so on) of performance knowledge itself dont vary Some property definitions of performance knowledge could be varied onlyAnother is the transformation of performance knowledge versionThe properties of performance knowledge itself could be variedIt is one kind of the radical modeAnd it is

34、 the important approach to improve functions and extend performance knowledge in the injection molding machinesconfiguration design3.2 Product model evolvement of the injection molding machineProduct model evolvement of the injection molding machine can be divided into three levels due to the inject

35、ion molding machine performance knowledge，as shown in Fig.3-2Fig.3-2 Levels of injection molding machines product model evolvementThe first level is the description layer of injection molding machines performance knowledgeIt could be maintained to a certain extent The second level records models and

36、 former evolvement the product configuration history information based on the first levelThe third level is a perfect design environment which contains the passing and variance of injection molding machines performance knowledgeThe differences between two tools could be realizedAnd the products coul

37、d be improved in any time.A structured and understandable method of describing product model evolvement is one of goals which we want to achieveAt present, the research on the product model evolvement mainly focuses on the first levelThe passing and variance information of product model would not be

38、 consideredThe newest product model would be used all the timeThese parts of performance knowledge are neglectedIn the practical injection molding machines configuration design, the passing and variance information of product model drive the product model to evolve directly because of all kinds of c

39、ausations. In the process of product performance knowledge passing and variance，the product model could be evolvedAnd it is the upper layer evolvement also is kind of injection molding machines evolvement mode could record the process of product model and performance knowledge evolvement effectively

40、 and particularly，and it is shown in Fig.3-3The part P4 evolving from V1 to V2 causes the component C1 to evolve from V1 to V2And the product model PM evolves from V0 to V1 alsoWhen the performance knowledge evolves，product model could use the newest performance knowledge to realize the product mode

41、l evolvementFig.3-3 Evolvement of product model4. Reuse of injection molding machines performance knowledge4.1 Definition of performance knowledge reuseThe reuse of configuration design can be defined as “giving a former product instance, a customers requirements set and a new product model to obtai

42、n a new injection molding machines instance which could meet the customers requirements set.”A concept model of injection molding machine is shown as follows:Inputs:R: Injection molding machines instance results;Md: Injection molding machines requirement model;ReMd: Reuse model of injection molding

43、machines performance knowledge;F(R,R r): Restriction functions.Outputs:Rr: Result of injection molding machines performance knowledge reuse;r1, r2 rn: Operation series of tools performance knowledge reuse.An d： Rr Md；Rr ReMd；Rr = (rl，r2 rn)R; Rr is the most optimized.“ ” means satisfaction. The conf

44、ormation and application of F (R, Rr) are related to practical application domain. The former knowledge should be modified as little as the best of ones abilities. And the lower cost project should be adopted.4.2 Realization arithmetic of performance knowledge reuseRealizing the injection molding ma

45、chines performance knowledge reuse falls into the third level of the product model evolvement. The preconditions are all kinds of information which should be established in the first and second level. The product model is PM1 in the time T1. There is a design Rr1 according to the customers requireme

46、nts CR1. The product model becomes PM2 in the time T2. And the customers requirements are CR2.The main thought of reuse arithmetic is described as follows, and is shown in Fig.4-1.Fig.4-1 Main thought of reuse arithmeticStep 1: The customers new requirements (CR2) should be confirmed at present, and the conformable product model (PM2) should be ensured also;Step 2: Configure a new virtual design product (VDP2) using the conformable product model (PM2) and new customers requirements (CR2);Step 3: Check parts in the VDP2 one by one. Operations on each part are as follows;If the part exists in V