2019版高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題Unit1GreatScientists(含解析)新人教版必修5

1、Unit 1 Great Scientists李仕才 一、閱讀理解。Two world championships were decided this weekend on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.In England,the Rugby World Cup was decided.In New York,the baseball season saw its final match.More than 80,000 audiences watched New Zealand win the Rugby championship 34-17 o

2、ver Australia.The match was held on Saturday at the famous Twickenham Stadium near London.It was the second world title for New Zealand.Fans call the team"AllBlacks" because of their black uniforms.A day later,the baseball World Series came to a close with a win by the Kansas City Royals o

3、ver the New York Mets.In the World Series,the first team to win four games claims victory.The Royals won four of the first five games played with the Mets.Kansas City last won in 1985.The Rugby World Cup opened on September 18,when England defeated Fiji.Forty-eight matches and six weeks later,New Ze

4、aland won the title.Going into the tournament,the All Blacks were ranked No.1 in the world.Every tournament like this has a “favorite, " or the team expected to win.The tournament also has an “underdog, “ or the team less likely to win.But the underdog often becomes a favorite .This year in the

5、 Rugby World Cup,the “underdog" team was Japan.Coming into the tournament,Japan was ranked 13th in the world.But after an inspiring showing in the group stage of the tournament,Japan moved up three places to 10th.Aside from the championship game itself,the match that created the biggest surpris

6、e came when Japan defeated world No.3 South Africa 34-32.The Associated Press called it “the biggest shock in Rugby World Cup history. ”South Africa was a two­time World Cup champion.Japan had only ever won one match in the World Cup before that game.1 .Why were the two major sports events r

7、eported together?A.They were both held in developed countries.B.Their results both came out at the same time.C.The winners were both not expected.D.They both belong to sports competitions.2 .The underlined word “favorite ” in Paragraph 6 refers to.A.a player regarded as the most valuableB.a team who

8、se players are most killedC.a player who is the most popularD.a team more likely to come first27.How did Japan perform in the matches?3 .How did Japan perform in the matches?A.It created a big surprise.B.It tried their best to play.C.It acted as it was expected.D.It surprisingly won third.參考 答案： 1.B

9、; 2.D; 3.A解析： 1. 推理判斷題。這兩大重要賽事因為在相同時間決出了冠軍, 才被放到一起報道。由第一段得出。 4 . 詞義猜測題。此處favorite 指的是最有可能獲勝的隊。由本段第一句 .or the teamexpected to win 得出。 5 . 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。日本隊在比賽中創(chuàng)造了一個大冷門 , 由最初的第13 名 , 卻戰(zhàn)勝了世界第三名的南非隊。由第七段最后兩句得出。 二、單句語法填空1. Only when he arrived the meeting begin.答案： did“only 狀語(從句 ) ”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時間狀語從句 whenhe a

10、rrived 可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填 did 。2. Neither I nor John (be) tired of the speech. It is interesting.答案： is neither . nor . 連接兩個并列主語，謂語動詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is 。3. (absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.答案：Absorbed be absorbed in .“全神貫注于”，此處為分詞作狀語，故填A(yù)bsorbed 。4. That you (expose)

11、to the sunlight for too long will be harmful toyour skin.答案：are exposed be exposed to .”暴露于； 接觸”。5. There is no sense in(worry) about the future.答案：worrying There is no sense in (doing) sth.“(做 )某事是沒有意義的“。6. While (attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields.答案：attending a

12、ttend to "處理；照料”，從句的主語和主句主語一致，且謂語 部分含有be動詞的相應(yīng)形式時， 可省略從句中的主語和be動詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：While we areattending to ., 故填 attending 。7. The bank manager was really(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk.答案：to blame be to blame "應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動形式表示被動意義。8. Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had

13、 to(set) up some schools for poor children.答案：setting contribute . to . "為奉獻(xiàn): 其中 to為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動名詞形式，故填 setting 。9. My parents tend to accept any idea(put) forward by experts on TV.答案：put put forward"提出"，此處應(yīng)用過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾名詞idea。10. I recognized her voice moment I picked up the rece

14、iver.答案：the the moment "一就"。三、完形填空。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、日C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的 最佳選項。I worried about my personal image and how I could be remembered during my boyhood.In the fifth grade , there seemed to be only one _1to be cool.In thesixth grade , suddenly , there were two choices : be cool ,

15、or be invisible._2_ _,one day, when a teacher had us fill out a questionnaire with 3 questions , I found the _4_ option.Assuming(假定)the teacher would read our answers privately , I felt it was 5 to share my privacy.To my 6 , she collected and redistributed(重新分發(fā))them tous.We were asked to _7 the name

16、 and our three favorite answers to the wholeclass.My answers went to the meanest boy in class.The first question was "What's your favorite movie? ” My answer was Beauty and the Beast.A laugh erupted and my cheeks _8 .The next was “Where would you like to travel ? ” My answer was _9_ special

17、 “Wherever a book takes me." The 10 this time had an explosive quality.I could _11_ remember what happened next ； all that I had in mind was the laughter.But something amazing happened.A(n) 12came, “Guys, cut it out. " Theroom went _13_ .It's Michelle Siever , a popular and cool girl.T

18、hen she _14_ _,“Why are you laughing? What is the point of _15_ if we just laugh at others ?"I can't remember the teacher or other kids' names, but I remember Michelle's.When she _16_ for me that day, she _17_ me we actually have three choices if we want to be remembered.Be cool , a

19、nd you might be remembered _18_.Stay invisible , and you won't be remembered at all.But if you stand up 19_ someone when he or she _20 you most, then you will be remembered as their hero for the rest of their life.1. A.toolB. choiceC. chanceD.purpose2. A.HoweverB.In additionC. ThereforeD.In fact

20、3. A.personalB.funnyC. variousD.strange4. A.wrongB.formerC. thirdD.latter5. A.terribleB.safeC. nervousD.interesting6. A.surpriseB.anxietyC. delightD.expectation7. A.repeatB.rememberC. compareD.read8. A.achedB.paledC. changedD.burned9. A.evenB.stillC. neverD.always10. A.laughterB.questionC. airD.clas

21、s11. A.nearlyB.exactlyC. hardlyD.surely12. A.requestB.messageC orderD voice13 A.crazyB silentC angryD empty14 A.announcedB smiledC addedD stopped15 A.talkingB chattingC arguingD sharing16 A.talked aboutB calmed downC left behindD spoke up17 A.remindedB promisedC showedD persuaded18 A.for a whileB fi

22、nallyC again and again D hopefully19 A.beforeB withC forDby20 A.missesBneedsC valuesDloves【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇記敘文。 在老師組織的全班問卷調(diào)查活動中， “我”的回答引起全班同學(xué)哄堂大笑， 這時一個女生站起來幫助“我”走出困境。 同時， “我”明白了一個道理：在別人需要你的時候站出來會被別人永遠(yuǎn)記住?！竞诵脑~匯】 image n 印象，形象invisible adj. 無形的，看不見的 fill out 填寫 cut out 阻擋，刪除，住口1 B 根據(jù)空后一句中的“ In the sixth gra

23、de, suddenly, there were two choices ” 可知，此處表示，在五年級，似乎只有唯一的選擇(choice) 來讓別人記住自己裝酷。2 A 根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知， 老師讓同學(xué)們填調(diào)查問卷這件事使“我”改變了原先的看法，故前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選 A。3 A 根據(jù)下文中的“ share my privacy ”可推知，此處表示老師要求回答的是我們的私人 (personal) 問題。所以選 A。4 C 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，到六年級，“我”突然認(rèn)為被別人記住有兩個選擇，但是通過老師讓同學(xué)們填調(diào)查問卷這件事，“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)了第三種選擇。所以選C。5 B 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，假如老師私下

24、閱讀我們的回答， “我”就感覺分享的隱私是安全的 (safe) 。所以選B。6 A 根據(jù)上下文可知， 老師沒有私下閱讀我們的回答而是重新分發(fā)， 讓同學(xué)之間互讀，這種做法讓“我”感到吃驚。所以選 A。7 D 參見上題解析。8 D 根據(jù)空前的“A laugh erupted ”及常識可知，“我”對第一個問題的回答引起了同學(xué)們的大笑，由此可知，“我”當(dāng)時面頰發(fā)燙(burned)。選項D符合語境。9 B 根據(jù)下文中的“ this time had an explosive quality ”可知，“我”對第二個問題的回答仍然(still) 是特別的， 因此這一次笑聲 (laughter) 更加強(qiáng)烈。

25、still “仍然， 還是”，符合語境。10 A 參見上題解析。11 C 根據(jù)空后的“ all that I had in mind was the laughter ”可知，此處指“我”幾乎不能(hardly) 記得后面發(fā)生了什么，所以選 C。12 D 根據(jù)下文中的“ Guys, cut it out ”可知， Michelle Siever 的聲音 (voice) 傳來，所以選 D。13 B 根據(jù)上下文可知，這個聲音使整個房間安靜 (silent) 了下來。14 C 根據(jù)空后的兩個問句可知， Michelle Siever 繼續(xù)在說，即補(bǔ)充道(added) 。15 D 根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容，尤其

26、是老師要求我們填調(diào)查問卷然后交換并在全班朗讀這一活動過程可知，這是同學(xué)們之間的一次交流分享(share) 活動。所以選D。16 D 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”對兩個問題的回答引起全班的大笑，這時MichelleSiever 的話使全班安靜下來，據(jù)此可推斷她在替“我”辯護(hù)。所以選D。 speak up(forsb./sth.) “(尤指為)說好話，辯護(hù)”。17 C 她替“我”辯護(hù)這件事向“我”展示(showed) 了如果想要被人們記住，我們有三種選擇。所以選C。18 A 通過這件事，“我”知道裝酷只能被別人記住一時(for a while) 。所以選 A。19 C 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，“我”之所以能

27、夠擺脫困境是因為 Michelle Siever 為“我”辯護(hù)。 所以“我”總結(jié)出想要被別人記住的第三種選擇是： 當(dāng)人們需要(needs) 你時，你站出來為(for) 他們說話，這樣你就會被他們當(dāng)做英雄一樣被銘記一生。所以選C。20 B 參見上題解析。四、單句改錯1. Although defeating in the match, we didn't lose heart.答案：defeating fdefeated此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應(yīng)用過去分詞表被動。2. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his ch

28、air, completely absorbing in the newspaper.,此處為過去分答案：absorbing fabsorbed (be) absorbed in ”全神貫注于詞短語作狀語。3. It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.答案：去掉a make sense to do sth."做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。4. Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the resu

29、lt.答案：is 一areneither . nor .連接兩主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。5. The plan was put forward at yesterday's meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical.答案：去掉 was或was前加which/that該句中已有謂語動詞is, 故put forward atyesterday's meeting為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾作主語的名詞 plan ；也可用定語從 句作定語修飾先行詞plan ,因此添加定語從句的關(guān)系詞引出定語從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，先行詞指物

30、，所以在 was前加which/that 。五、七選五The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can EndIt by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now.1 Butaccording to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.1. If you ' re obese,

31、 blame your genes.2 Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obesehas doubled - too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollarputs more calorieson our plates than ever before, because restaurant mealsusuallyhave more caloriesthan what we prepare at hom

32、e, so people who eat out morefrequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2. If you ' re obese, you lack self -control.Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to makepoor choices on diet. 3 Even the most vigilant（ 警覺的）people may no

33、tbe good controllers of themselves.3. 4Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the " food deserts " , about 65 percent of the nation ' s population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits

34、 and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don' t exercise.Michelle Obama ' s " Let' s Move"campaign is based on the idea that if kidsexercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease.5 In fact, althoug

35、h adrop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity.B. Obesity rates have increased.C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket

36、are related to obesity.D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s.E. People hold different views on obesity.F. People benefit a lot from physical activities.G. Our world has become so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways