(word完整版)初中英語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)教案終極整理版

1、初中英語時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)總結(jié)英語中一共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，初中階段主要學(xué)習(xí)和考到八種時(shí)態(tài)，主要包括 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1用法：1）表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)、特征或客觀真理。常用的 時(shí)間狀語有 often , usually , sometimes , always , every day , never , in the morning, every week/day 等。e.g. I get up at six every morning.（經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作）He plays tennis once

2、a week.（習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）The sunrises in the east. （客觀真理）My mother is a teacher. SheteachesEnglish in a school.（現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)）2）在條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。e.g. If you dont go soon, you 'll be late.3） begin, come., go, leave, start, stop等動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃、規(guī)定將 要發(fā)生的事情。e.g. Classbegins at eight in the morning.2構(gòu)成：1）主語是I,

3、we, you, they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。 主語是he, she , it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)。2）主語為第三人稱和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)：肯定式:S+V/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)否定式：S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他疑問式:Do/Does+S+V+其他簡(jiǎn)略回答:（肯）Yes,S+do/does（否）No,S+do/does not主語目止式否定式疑問式第一、二人I am a student.We/You/ They areI am not a student.We/You/ They are notAre you a student.Are yo

4、u/ they students?稱和第三人 稱復(fù)數(shù)以及 名詞復(fù)數(shù)students.He/ She is a student.I / We/ You/ They/ like music.Many people like music.students.He/ She is not a student.I / We/ You/ They/ don music.Many people don' t like music.Is he/ she a student?D oilyou/ they like music? Do many people like music?3）當(dāng)主語是第一、二人稱和

5、第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí):肯定式：S + be +否定式：S+ be +not + 疑問式：Am /Is /Are + S+ ? 簡(jiǎn)略回答:（肯）Yes,S + be.（否）No,S + be.真題：1. Can your father drive? （08 武漢）Yes, and he usually to school.A drove B is driving C drives D has driven2. If I find his phone number, I you. （09 北京）A tell B told C will tell D have told3. The teach

6、er told the students that the earth round, not flat. （08 天津）A isB was C has been D is being二、一般過去時(shí)1 .表示過去某段時(shí)間發(fā)生的事，存在的狀態(tài)或過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)用一般過 去時(shí)。常用于般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday, three months ago last year, in1979 等。2 .用法：1）過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g. The policestopped me on my way home last night.2）過去存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. Theyweren't ab

7、le to come because they were so busy.3 ） be used to doing表示過去常常做某事。也是一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)記。e.g. Shewas used to feedingthe cats in the yard.3.構(gòu)成：S+V-ed1）用動(dòng)詞的過去式。作謂語的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下:一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的車fft+d以車有音字母+ y結(jié)尾去y變i + ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)車有音字母雙寫詞尾字母+ed2） 一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以 be和like為例）：主語目止式否定式疑問式I was a student.I

8、was not a student.Were you a student.We/You/ They wereWe/You/ They wereWere you/ they students?第一、二人稱和第三students.not students.Was he/ she a student?人稱復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞He/ She was aHe/ She was not a復(fù)數(shù)student.student.Did you/ they like music?I / We/ You/ They/Did many people like music?I / We/ You/ They/didn 

9、9; t ekmusic.liked music.Many people didn 'tMany people likedlike music.music.真題：1. Yesterday Tony's family a good time. （08 瀘州）A hasB have C had2. We were in Qingdao last week and great fun there. （08 北京）A will haveB have had C had D have3. My grandmotherus stories when I was young. （ 09 錦州

10、）A was used to tell B is used to telling C are used to tell D was used to telling三、一般將來時(shí)1.用法：表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用于一般將來時(shí)的時(shí) 問狀語：tomorrow, next week, in 2008 等。1）將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g. I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2）將要存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. This time next year Iwill be in Japan. Where will you be?3）打算要做的事。e.g. Are y

11、ou going to watchthe film on television tonight?4） come, go, start, move, sail等動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事。e.g. The whole family is going for two months.5）在條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。e.g. If you don't go soon, you'll be late.2構(gòu)成：1）助動(dòng)詞 will（shall）+v5） be +going to +v6） will 和 be going to 的區(qū)別：1）表示帶意愿色彩的

12、將來用will e.g. I will stay with you in the future.2）詢問對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)和命令時(shí)用will。e.g. Will you go to the park with me?W川 you please open the door?3）表示客觀的將來，用will oe.g. I will be 22 years old next year.7） be going to常用于口語中用來表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) e.g. Wg re going to help some farmers with their work.5）表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的

13、事用be going toe.g. Shes going to leave at 10 o clock tomorrow.6）根據(jù)某種跡象判斷可能要發(fā)生的事用be going to。e.g. Look at the clouds.It s going to rain.真題：1. Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? （ 09 福州）There an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.A will haveB will beC is going to have D are going to be2. In five years,

14、 I a doctor. （ 08 瀘州）A will be B was C am3. If they come, we a meeting.A have B will have C had D would have四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .用法：1）說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語：now ,look, listen等。e.g. Sheis having a bath now.2）現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。e.g. You are working hard today.Kate wants to work i

15、n Italy, so sheis learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.3）頻度副詞always, forever等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。e.g. Heis always trying out new ideas.4）表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等動(dòng)詞）。e.g. The partyis beginning at 8:00 o ' clock.5） “系動(dòng)詞+介詞/副詞” 表示正在進(jìn)

16、行的動(dòng)作。e.g. He is at work.6）表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如hope, smell, hear, se巡一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。2.構(gòu)成：be+ v-ing1) v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:一般情況cook-cooking以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞,末尾只有一個(gè)*北音字母時(shí).run-running, stop-stopping,2)肯定句、否定句、疑問句形式:肯定句：S+be +V-ing否定何：S+be+not + V-ing一般疑問句：Is（Are）+S+V-ing ?特殊疑問：wh_+

17、 be + S + V-ing?主語目止式否定式疑問式第一、二人稱 和第三人稱 復(fù)數(shù)以及名 詞復(fù)數(shù)I am driving.He/She/It is working. We/You/They are doing something.I am not driving.He/She/It is not working. We/You/They are not doing anything.Are you driving?Is he/she/it working?Are you/they doing something?真題：1. Mr. Green to the manager now. Youd

18、 better call him later. （ 09 d匕京）A talkB is talkingC talked D was talking2. Everything on the earth all the time.A is changing B is changed C has changed D has been changed3. Be quiet, please. The students a class now. （08 長(zhǎng)春）A haveB hadC are having D were having五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1用法：過去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常用于過去進(jìn)行

19、時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有atfour yesterday afternoon, then, at that time/moment 等。e.g. This time last year I was living in Brazil.What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2構(gòu)成：was / were +v-ing4. 一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：1. 一般過去時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)候曾有過某個(gè)動(dòng)作（已經(jīng)完成的） 。2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)候或某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行（是否完 成不明確）。e.g. Mary wrote a letter t

20、o her friend last night.Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.1.Were you at home at 7 oclock last night? （09 寧波）Yes, I a shower at that time.A tookB am takingC was taking D was taken2. The boy down the street when the UFO landed. （ 09 仙桃）A walksB walkC is walking D was walking3. I my ho

21、mework while my parents TV last night. （06 南京）A did; have watchedB was doing; were watchingC had done; were walking D would do; were watching六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.用法：1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與 already, just, ever, never, befor巡副詞連用。e.g. Shehas never readthis novel.2）表示“過去的動(dòng)作” 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。常與 for （后跟段 時(shí)間

22、）或since耐跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間）等連用。e.g. I have beena member of the Party for 10 years.1 have beena member of the Party since 10 years ago.3）在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞（die, arrive, close,become, come, fall, leave, go, lose, give, jump, 應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。e.g. （F）He has died for 3 years.（T）He has beendead for 3 years.4）當(dāng)

23、表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)持續(xù)時(shí)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（ work, stand, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞一般不與表示“點(diǎn)”的時(shí)間狀語連用。e.g. Wehave studiedEnglish for three years.（F）It rained at eight yesterday morning.（T）It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.2 .構(gòu)成：1） have / has + v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問句形式（以 be和see為例）：肯定句：S+

24、 have （has） +V-ed否定旬：S+ have （has） +not（haven ' t,hasn -ed）+V一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+?特殊疑問句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed-P主語目止式否定式疑問式第一、二人稱 和第三人稱 復(fù)數(shù)以及名 詞復(fù)數(shù)I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before.I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They haven been here

25、 before.He/ She hasn' tbeen here before .I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven' seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many people tseen the film?3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1)側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)只 是一種過去的時(shí)態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。e.g. Yesterday Went to the z

26、oo.Li Lei has read the book.2)標(biāo)記的時(shí)間狀語不同。現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)：already, yet, still, just, so far, before, ever, never, since段時(shí)間，for+一段時(shí)間。一般過去時(shí)： ago, yesterday, last year, in 2000, just now.e.g. Have you ever pickedflowers or stepped on the grass in a park?Father bought that watch ten years ago.4. have been to, have

27、gone to, have been in 的區(qū)另U1) have been tolfe示過去曾去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在該地了。 常與just, ever, never 等連用，后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。e.g. Hehas been toGuangzhou for three times.Have you ever been tcthe United States?Yes, twice.2) have gone to表示到某地去了，說話時(shí)該人不在說話地點(diǎn)，或者已到該地，或e.g.在途中。一股主語不用第一'、第二人稱。Where is Mrs. Smith?Sheisn '

28、 t he She has gone toEngland.3) have been in表示已經(jīng)在某地待了多久。常跟 for+一段時(shí)間，表示在某地待了 多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。e.g.Have your sister been in China for a long time?Yes. She went there five years ago.David has been inShanghai for more than three months.真題：1. How do you like Beijing, Mr. Smith?Oh, I such a beautiful city before.A do

29、n't visitB didn ' visit C haven't visitedD hadn' visited2. Sheas an animal trainer since 2003.（09 北京）A has worked B works C will work D worked3. Is Mr. Green at home? （ 09 黔東）No, he Shanghai.A has been toB has gone to C is going to4. Where is Zhang Ming?（10.湖南）Oh, don't you know

30、heto Beijing to see his parents and he ll be back tomorrow.A. has goneB. has been C. had gone5. Jack, I haven' t seen your brother for a long time.（09，福建）He Shanghai on business for two months.A. went toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been to七、過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，“從過去看將來”，常用于賓語從

31、句。1 .用法：1）主句為一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句表示將要發(fā)生的事情。e.g. Nobody knew what would happen after a hundred years.2）敘述過去的事情或事情發(fā)生的經(jīng)過時(shí)，用過去將來時(shí)表示在當(dāng)時(shí)看將會(huì)發(fā)生 的事。e.g. It was on Sunday afternoon, Tonwas going to start work the following week.2 .構(gòu)成：1)助動(dòng)詞 would(should)+v3 ) was/were +going to +v真題：1. Daddy promised me he me a computer

32、.A was bought B had bought C bought D would buy2. The teacher said she some books to the class in the afternoon. ( 0注帛陽)A would bringB will bring C bring D brought3. Jenny said sheher holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend八、過去完成時(shí)1 .用法：1）表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。在時(shí)間

33、上表示“過 去的過去"，常與by/before+過去時(shí)間構(gòu)成的介詞短語連用。e.g. She said shehad seenthe film 4 times.By the time they arrived, the bushad left.2）常與before/when引導(dǎo)的一般過去時(shí)的從句連用。e.g. When Mr. Li got to the classroom, all the studentsiad begun reading.3）常出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間狀語有till, until then等。e.g. She told me shenad been ill recently.

34、4）表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for （后跟段時(shí)間）或since而跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間）等連用。e.g. Shehad worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.2 .構(gòu)成：肯定式：had + V_ed否定式：hadn' t V_ed疑問式：Had + V_ed簡(jiǎn)略回答：Yes, S + have/has had.No, S + had1. The teachers the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn ' meetthem.

35、 （09 常州）A had been away from B had left C have been away from D have left2. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （09 廣州）A will learn B had learned C are going to learn D have learned3. Mr. Wang dinner when we got to his house.（07 青島）A had boiled B had madeC had kept語態(tài)所謂語態(tài)，

36、就是說明主語和謂語之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。分兩種形式： 主 動(dòng)語態(tài)：句中的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)：句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者或接受者。語態(tài)的考查是全國各地中考的熱點(diǎn)，也是初中必須掌握的語法之一。我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)。?實(shí)際上，英語中的被動(dòng)式就相當(dāng)于漢語表達(dá)中的”把字句和被字句”.即：“把一怎樣”；“一一被怎樣”.初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)的被動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)：am /is / are + Ved（±去分詞）例句： My brother asks me to clean the windows.動(dòng)句句式）步驟：1） .找到主動(dòng)句中的賓語，如果有雙賓語（問賓

37、/直賓），把問賓作為被動(dòng)句中 的主語.2） .確定主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài).3）.對(duì)應(yīng)變換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).4） .有時(shí)，主動(dòng)句中的主語在被動(dòng)式中可省略.被動(dòng)式：I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.現(xiàn)在完成式的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have / has + been +Ved.例旬： We have finished our homework already.改： Our homework has been finished already （by us ）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)： am / is / are + being Ved例旬：Lo

38、ok, the students are playing basketball in the open air.Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .I am asked to clean the windows by （my brother）.現(xiàn)在完成式的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have / has + been +Ve刪旬：We have finished our homework already.改： Our homework has been finished already (by us )現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的

39、被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)： am / is / are + being Ve刪句：Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were + Ved例旬： We cooked the lunch an hour ago .改：The lunch was cooked ( by us ) an hour ago .We didn' t make the model plane

40、.The model plane wasH t made by us.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)： was / were + being + Ved例旬： He was watching TV when I called him last night.TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .過去完成式的被動(dòng)式：結(jié)構(gòu)：had +been+ V ed例旬： By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words . About eight hundred English words had been learned