高一英語 單元單詞短語句型知識梳理 Unit8 大綱人教版第一冊

1、Unit 8理解：要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.prepare講：v.使作好準(zhǔn)備；把預(yù)備好；防范；準(zhǔn)備常見搭配有:+sth./sb.(for sb./sth.)；+for sth.；+to do sth.preparation n.準(zhǔn)備例：The whole class is working hard preparing for the exam.全班都在用功準(zhǔn)備考試。I was preparing to leave.我正準(zhǔn)備離開。He was in the kitchen preparing lunch.他在廚房做午飯。We made preparations to move to new offices

2、.我們已準(zhǔn)備好搬到新辦公室。The country is making preparations for war.這個(gè)國家正在進(jìn)行備戰(zhàn)。鏈接·拓展 (1)in preparation(for)（為）準(zhǔn)備 (2)be prepared(for sth.)準(zhǔn)備好；有所準(zhǔn)備 (3)be prepared to do愿意練：Hi,Mary,what are you doing these days? I am _the examination.A.preparing for B.preparingC.prepared for D.preparing to提示:選用A項(xiàng)，句意為:我正在為考試作

3、準(zhǔn)備；選用C項(xiàng)，句意為:我為考試準(zhǔn)備好了。依據(jù)問句判斷，應(yīng)該用表示動(dòng)作的A項(xiàng)。答案:A2.point講：v.指；指向；瞄準(zhǔn)；對著；朝向n. 觀點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)；要點(diǎn)；重點(diǎn)；目的；意圖；時(shí)刻；關(guān)頭；得分；小數(shù)點(diǎn)例：She pointed(her finger)in my direction.她（用手指）指向我這個(gè)方向。He pointed the gun at her head.他舉槍對準(zhǔn)她的頭。I wish she would get to the point and tell us what she wants us to do.我希望她能快點(diǎn)說正題，告訴我們她要我們做什么。The climber

4、was at/on the point of death when they found him.當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)登山者時(shí)，他已奄奄一息。Australia finished 20 points ahead.澳大利亞隊(duì)終局領(lǐng)先20分。鏈接·拓展 (1)to the point簡明恰當(dāng)；簡潔中肯 The letter was short and to the point. 這封信簡短扼要。 (2)to the point of(doing)sth.達(dá)到某種程度；近乎 He was rude to the point of being aggressive. 他粗魯?shù)叫U不講理的程度。 (3

5、)up to a point在某種程度上 I agree with you up to a point. 我在某種程度上同意你的看法。 (4)point out指（給某人）看；（向某人）指出 I should point out that not one of these paintings is original. 我應(yīng)當(dāng)指出，這些畫中沒有一幅是真跡。 練：We must figure out how to solve the problem as soon as possible.So_,we havent got much time.A.arrive at the spot B.have

6、 an ideaC.get to the point D.come to an end提示:get to the point 意為“快點(diǎn)說正題，直入主題”。答案:C3.present講：v.把交給；提出；給予；顯示；表現(xiàn)；引起；構(gòu)成n.當(dāng)前；現(xiàn)在；禮物；禮品adj.當(dāng)前的；現(xiàn)在的；出席的；到場的例：She presented her idea for a new product at the last sales meeting.在上次營銷會(huì)上她提出了開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的想法。The teachers were presenting us with a picture of history.老師們正向

7、我們描述一幅歷史畫面。Youve got to forget the past and start living in the present.你必須忘掉過去，開始現(xiàn)在的生活。Who is the present owner of the house?誰是現(xiàn)在的房主？He wasnt present at my birthday party.他沒參加我的生日晚會(huì)。There were 200 people present at the meeting.有200人出席會(huì)議。鏈接·提示 (1)at the present time=at present 目前 We dont have a

8、ny more information at the present time. 目前我們沒有進(jìn)一步的消息。 (2)for the present 就目前來說；暫時(shí) His name escaped from my lips for the present. 我一時(shí)想不起他的名字。 (3)up to the present直到現(xiàn)在；至今 He hasnt received any birthday presents up to the present. 到目前為止，他還沒收到任何生日禮物。練：This habit is hard to form _,but in the long run,it

9、 will do you good.A.in future B.at present C.in present D.at the present提示:in the long run意思是“終究”。如:Honesty will pay in the long run.(誠實(shí)終究會(huì)得到報(bào)償。)A項(xiàng)不能與后半句形成比較，故排除；C、D項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。全句意思是:這種習(xí)慣目前不容易形成，但是它終究對你會(huì)有好處。答案:B短語1.every four years講：every 與數(shù)詞連用，表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。(1)every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“每隔”；2)every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞，意為“每第”。例

10、：I go there every three days.每三天（或每隔兩天）我去那里一次。He comes to see his uncle every third Sunday every month.他每月第三個(gè)星期天來看他的叔叔。鏈接·提示 (1)every+other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指“每隔一” (2)every+few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意為“每隔幾” He goes to town every other day. 他隔天去一次城。 Write on every other line. 要隔行寫。 He stopped and turned round every few mi

11、nutes. 每隔幾分鐘他都停下來回頭看看。練：She watches TV _evening and changes channels(頻道)_few minutes.A.in；every B.every；everyC.every；each D.every；in提示:“every+單數(shù)名詞”是“每個(gè)”之意；“every+few(two,three.)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”是“每（隔）幾（兩、三）”之意。例如:He comes to see me every Sunday.他每個(gè)星期天都來看我。They move on to a new place every two or three years.他們

12、每隔兩三年就要搬到一個(gè)新的地方。答案:B2.make sure確保；一定要；保證做到；核實(shí)；弄清楚例：Make sure that you turn off all the lights before leaving the lab.在你離開實(shí)驗(yàn)室前一定要關(guān)掉所有的燈。Youd better make sure of the time and the place.你最好核實(shí)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。鏈接·拓展 (1)be sure of或be sure that有把握；確信 主語是人，表示主語感到“有把握、確信”。 Im sure of his success.=Im sure that he w

13、ill succeed. 我確信他會(huì)成功。 (2)be sure to do一定要；必然會(huì) 主語可以是人或物，表示說話人推測主語“一定要、必然會(huì)”。 He is sure to succeed.他一定會(huì)成功。 It is sure to rain.天準(zhǔn)會(huì)下雨。練：I remember his telephone number is 8666888,but youd better _.A.be sure B.make sure C.find out D.look out提示:根據(jù)語境排除C、D兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)榍拔囊颜f出了電話號碼，不需要去查找。be sure意為“對有把握”；make sure意為“一

14、定要，保證做到，核實(shí)，弄清楚”。從句意看，說話者只是要求對方去核實(shí)，故選B。答案:B3.rather than講：該短語意為：而不是；與其寧愿例：The colour seems green rather than blue.這個(gè)顏色像是綠色而不是藍(lán)色。Id prefer to go in August rather than in July.我寧愿8月去，不愿7月去。I always prefer starting early,rather than leaving everything to the last minute.我總是愿意早開始，而不愿把所有事情都留到最后才做。I decide

15、d to send an email rather than(to)telephone.我決定發(fā)電子郵件，而不是打電話。鏈接·拓展 (1)rather than經(jīng)常用在“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”里:即與兩個(gè)形容詞、兩個(gè)狀語詞組、兩個(gè)名詞或代詞、兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式、或兩個(gè)v.ing形式連用。 (2)rather than后的動(dòng)詞要和主句中與之相當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞在形式上一致。 (3)rather than位于句首時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞必須用v.-ing形式。練：Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _harm them.A.more than

16、B.rather than C.other than D.better than提示:rather than 意為“而不是”，句意為:發(fā)展核科學(xué)應(yīng)該使人們受益，而不是對他們有害。故選B。答案:B句型1.do everything one can to do講：注意觀察下面兩個(gè)教材原句:We will not let our history and culture be destroyed and we will do everything we can to save our city.我們不會(huì)讓我們的歷史和文化被毀滅的，我們將盡我們的所能去挽救我們的城市。They do their best

17、 to win medals.他們努力去獲得獎(jiǎng)牌?！氨M其所能去做某事；盡力做某事”可用 sb.do what one can to do或sb.do everything/all(that) one can to do來表達(dá)。該句型中can 后省略了do，不定式作目的狀語。也可用do/try ones best to do來表達(dá)。例：Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do what she could to help him.=Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do all/everything

18、 she could to help him.=Whenever he met with difficulty,she would do/try her best to help him.每當(dāng)他遇到困難時(shí)，她總是盡她所能去幫助他。練：These wild flowers are so special I would do _I_ them.A.what；can save B.all what；can to saveC.what；can to save D.everything；can save提示:在sb.do what one can to do結(jié)構(gòu)中what one can是賓語從句，wh

19、at后不可再使用關(guān)系代詞；在sb.do everything/all(that)one can to do中，that one can是定語從句，該從句中只能使用關(guān)系代詞that，everything/all that等于what；在以上結(jié)構(gòu)中can后省略了動(dòng)詞do，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。故選C。答案:C2.would rather.(than.)講：注意觀察下面教材原句:Id rather watch it than play it.我寧愿看球而不愿意打球。would rather通?？s寫為 d rather。(1)would/had rather.（than）意為“寧愿而不愿；寧愿；更喜歡

20、”。(2)would rather后接從句時(shí)，從句中用過去時(shí)（表現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼奶摂M）或過去完成時(shí)（過去的虛擬）。例：Do you want to come with us?你想跟我一起來嗎？No,Id rather not.不，我不想去。Would you rather walk or take the bus?你愿意步行還是坐公共汽車？Do you mind if I smoke?你介意我抽煙嗎？Well,Id rather you didnt.最好別抽。Id rather you came tomorrow than today.我寧愿你明天來，而不是今天來。練：(1)（2010全國高考）

21、To enjoy the scenery,Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _travel by air.A.as B.to C.than D.while提示:本題考查習(xí)慣搭配would rather do.than do.。答案:C(2)（2010廣東高考） Do you mind if I open the window? _I feel a bit cold.A.Of course not. B.Id rather you didnt.C.Go ahead. D.Why not?提示:依據(jù)“I feel a bit cold

22、.”可知說話者介意對方打開窗戶，所以他委婉地說出不同意。答案:B辨析1.farther,further表示時(shí)間、空間和距離時(shí)兩者可換用；表示“進(jìn)一步、進(jìn)一層、更多”時(shí)，只能用further。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)I could walk no _.(2)This problem will be _discussed tomorrow.(3)No _explanation is needed.(4)It means every athlete should try to run faster,jump higher,and throw _.答案:(1)farther/further (2)furthe

23、r (3)further (4)farther/further2.prepare,prepare for,get(be)ready(1)get/be ready意為“準(zhǔn)備好”,強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的結(jié)果。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有:(1)get ready(for sth.)；(2)get sth.ready；(3)be ready(for sth.)；(4)be ready to do(準(zhǔn)備干某事，樂于干某事)(2)prepare意為“準(zhǔn)備”,強(qiáng)調(diào)準(zhǔn)備的動(dòng)作與過程。賓語是這一動(dòng)作的承受者。其后也可接雙賓語，還可接不定式。(3)prepare for意為“為作準(zhǔn)備”,for的賓語不是動(dòng)作的承受者，而是表示準(zhǔn)備的目的，即所

24、要應(yīng)付的情況。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Mother was busy _us lunch in the kitchen when I got home.(2)The doctor told the nurses to _the operation at once.(3)We _to do anything for the people.(4)Will you help me _the party?(5)Please _by seven oclock tomorrow morning.(6)The teacher is _the lessons.(7)The students are _the exam

25、.(8)Will you _her for the bad news that is coming?答案:(1)preparing (2)prepare for (3)are ready (4)to prepare for (5)get/be ready (6)preparing (7)preparing for (8)prepare3.manage to do,try to domanage to do sth.=succeed in doing sth.，表示“努力做成某事”。try to do sth.表示“試圖，企圖，努力”去做，不強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)We were pleased that they _to get what we wanted.(2)He _to pass the exam but he had no luck.(3)Youd better _doing the experiment in another way.(4)The box was heavy but he _to lift it.(5)If I am to get away,