高一英語 單元單詞短語句型知識(shí)梳理 Unit7 大綱人教版第一冊(cè)

1、Unit 7-Unit 8提綱挈領(lǐng)單元考查重點(diǎn)及熱點(diǎn)Unit 7單詞Pyramid represent include ruin burn restore beauty photograph portrait recreate unite period vase stone damage ancient project brick official cave pollution breath limit短語give in give up in ruins bring.back to life pull down set up in ones opinion with the help of s

2、o far句型1.where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句2.make+賓語+過去分詞（作賓補(bǔ)）Unit 8單詞continent tie athlete medal torch final dive shooting competitor further rank prepare effect compete weigh weight position point skill weigh title gesture facial短語stand for because of would rather take part in preparation for prefer.to. have.effect on

3、 by hand句型1.do everything one can to do.2.would rather.(than.)Unit 7理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.include講:vt.包括；包含；使成為的一部分例：The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum.這次游覽包括參觀科學(xué)博物館。You should include some examples in your essay.你應(yīng)該在文章里舉一些例子。We no longer include him among our friends.我們不再把他看作朋友。鏈接·提示 (1)incl

4、uded（包括在內(nèi)）放在被包括的之后。 (2)including(包括在內(nèi))放在被包括的之前。 We all went,me included. 我們都去了，包括我在內(nèi)。 Ive got three days holiday including New Years Day.包括元旦在內(nèi)，我有三天假。練：How can a simple meal like this cost so much? We have _in your bill the cost of the teapot you broke just.A.increased B.included C.obtained D.charge

5、d提示:increase 增長(zhǎng)，增加，加強(qiáng)；include 包括；obtain 得到，獲得，買到；charge 收費(fèi)，索價(jià)。根據(jù)語境和句意，首先排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；charge作“收費(fèi)、索價(jià)”解常用以下句式:(1)charge sb.for (doing) sth.；(2)charge money for(doing)sth.；(3)charge sb.money for(doing)sth.，本句的賓語是cost，故排除D項(xiàng)。答案:B2.burn講：v.著火；燃燒；燒傷；燒焦；發(fā)燙；渴望；有強(qiáng)烈的情感n.燒傷；灼傷；燒的痕跡例：The fire burned her hand.火燒傷了她的手。F

6、ires were burning all over the city.全城處處燃燒著大火。The smell of burning rubber filled the air.空氣中彌漫著橡膠燃燒的氣味。Your forehead is burning.Have you get a fever?你的前額很燙，你發(fā)燒了嗎？He was burning to go climbing again.他渴望再去爬山。She had a burn on her hand.她手上有一處燒傷。鏈接·拓展 (1)burn sth.down （被）燒毀 The fire burned down the

7、 house. 火燒毀了房子。 (2)burn sth.up 被燒毀；被燒掉 The spaceship burned up as it entered the earths atmosphere. 宇宙飛船進(jìn)入地球大氣層時(shí)被燒毀。 (3)burn away （使）燒掉；燒光 The clothing on his back got burnt away in the fire. 他穿的衣服背部在大火中燒掉了。 (4)burn out/burn itself out 燒盡；熄滅 The fire had burnt(itself)out before the fire engines arri

8、ved. 救火車到達(dá)之前，火就熄滅了。 (5)burn out/burn sth.out（因過熱或使用過久）出故障 The clutch has burnt out. 離合器因過熱而失靈。 (6)burn out或burn yourself/sb.out 耗盡體力；積勞成疾；累垮 If he doesnt stop working so hard,hell burn himself out. 他要是繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，就會(huì)把自己累垮。練：In order to keep the fire_ ,they kept _wood on it.A.burning；to put B.to burn；put

9、tingC.burnt；putting D.burning；putting提示:keep doing不斷做某事；keep sb./sth.doing使不斷做。答案:D3.breathe講：v.呼吸；呼出breath n.呼吸；呼出的空氣例：Most people dont realize that they are breathing polluted air.大多數(shù)人沒有意識(shí)到自己正在呼吸污染的空氣。He came up close,breathing alcohol fumes all over me.他走過來靠近我，噴得我滿身酒氣。He opened his mouth and took

10、 a deep breath.他張開嘴深深地吸了一口氣。鏈接·拓展 (1)hold ones breath（由于激動(dòng)、害怕等）不出聲；屏息 (2)out of breath 上氣不接下氣；喘不過氣來 (3)short of breath 呼吸短促 (4)take ones breath away 令人驚嘆；讓人嘆絕 My first view of the island from the air took my breath away. 我第一次從空中看到這個(gè)島嶼時(shí)，贊賞不已。練：When he meets with something unpleasant,he often tak

11、es a deep _,and shouts with all his might until he is _.A.strength；out of breath B.breath；out of breathC.strength；quiet D.breath；quiet提示:shouts with all his might是解題的關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)橹挥形跉夂?，才能shouts with all his might，因此第一空填breath；由于shouts with all his might，他最后才喘不過氣來。故選B。答案:B短語1.give in，give up講：give in讓步；屈服；投

12、降；勉強(qiáng)同意；交上give up放棄；戒掉；認(rèn)輸give up可以用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，用作及物動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不可接動(dòng)詞不定式。例：He would rather die than give in.他寧死不屈。The authorities have shown no signs of giving in to the kidnappers demands.當(dāng)局對(duì)綁架者的要求沒有絲毫讓步跡象。Please give your work in before Monday.請(qǐng)?jiān)谛瞧谝恢鞍炎鳂I(yè)交上來。He gave up smoking last year and bec

13、ame fat.他去年戒煙后就發(fā)胖了。鏈接·拓展 (1)give away 背棄；出賣；泄漏；暴露；贈(zèng)送 They are giving away prizes at the new store. 新開張的商店在送贈(zèng)品。 She gave away state secrets to the enemy. 她把國(guó)家的機(jī)密泄漏給了敵人。 (2)give off （散）發(fā)出 She gives off a smell of rose. 她身上散發(fā)著玫瑰的香味。 (3)give back 還給；歸還；使恢復(fù) My friend gave back the tools that he borr

14、owed. 我朋友歸還了他借的工具。 The operation gave him back the use of his legs. 手術(shù)使他的雙腿恢復(fù)了功能。 (4)give sb.a hand 幫某人的忙 Give me a hand with this table. 幫我搬這張桌子。練：(1)Dont mention that at the beginning of the story,or it may_ the shocking ending.A.give away B.give out C.give up D.give off提示:本題檢測(cè)考生在特定語境中對(duì)短語動(dòng)詞的辨異和使用能

15、力。準(zhǔn)確把握各選項(xiàng)中短語動(dòng)詞的意思是解題的關(guān)鍵。give away意為“泄露(機(jī)密)、捐贈(zèng)”；give out意為“分發(fā),用完,耗盡”；give up意為“放棄”；give off意為“發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)”。只有g(shù)ive away符合題意，故選A項(xiàng)。句意為:不要在故事開頭就提到那事，否則便將驚人的結(jié)局暴露了。答案:A(2)I argued with him for more than half an hour,but had to _in the end.A.give out B.give off C.give up D.win提示:句中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but had to是解題的關(guān)鍵。全句意思

16、為:我同他辯論了半個(gè)多小時(shí)，但最后不得不認(rèn)輸。答案:C2.base sth.on/upon講：該短語意為：以為根據(jù)（基礎(chǔ)）；把建立在上例：What are you basing this theory on?你這種理論的根據(jù)是什么？The film is based on a famous novel.這部電影是根據(jù)一部著名的小說改編的。One should always base his opinion on facts.一個(gè)人應(yīng)該始終以事實(shí)為依據(jù)發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。鏈接·拓展 base用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞；用作名詞時(shí)，意思是“底部；基礎(chǔ)；基地”。 The army was cut o

17、ff from its base. 那支部隊(duì)與基地失去了聯(lián)系。練：（2010江蘇南京一模） The movie _ on J.K.Rowlings Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was put on in theaters on November 18,2010.A.basing B.based C.being based D.to be based提示:based on.是過去分詞短語作定語，修飾名詞the movie，相當(dāng)于定語從句which was based on.。句意為：根據(jù)J·K·Rowling的小說哈利·波

18、特和火焰杯拍攝的電影2010年11月18日在各大影院上映。答案:B3.so far講：該短語意為“迄今為止；到目前為止”。so far在句中作狀語，有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。例：What do you think of the show so far?到目前為止你覺得這場(chǎng)演出怎么樣？Detectives are so far at a loss to explain the reason of his death.至今偵探對(duì)他的死因仍茫然不解。We havent heard from Tom so far.到目前為止，我們還沒收到湯姆的來信。鏈接·拓展 (1)by far （常用

19、來修飾比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，用以加強(qiáng)語氣）大大的；得多 (2)as far as the eye can/could see極目所盡 (3)as far as I know就我所知 (4)as far as I can remember(see,tell,etc).據(jù)我所記得的；依我看 (5)as far as sb./sth.be concerned就而言 (6)as far as it goes在有限程度上（通常指不滿意）練：_I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A.As long as B.

20、Just as C.As far as D.Even if提示:as long as 只要；as far as I can remember(see,tell,etc.)盡我所記得的；依我看；even if即使。全句意思為:在我看來，可能只有一種避開危險(xiǎn)的方法。故選C。答案:C4.under attack講：該短語意為“受到攻擊”。介詞under可以表示過程，意思是“在中；在期間”，還可以表示負(fù)荷、條件等，意為“在之下”。例：It was under attack for 900 days,but the people of the city never gave in.城市受到了900天的攻

21、擊，但是城里人從來沒有屈服。The bridge is under construction.We cant drive through it.這座橋正在修建中，開車過不去。The car is under repair.You cant use it now.車正在維修，現(xiàn)在不能用。鏈接·拓展 “be+介詞+名詞”可以用來表示動(dòng)作，名詞前不能使用冠詞。 They are now at work.You can find them at the factory. 他們?cè)谏习?，你可以在工廠里找到他們。 He is on business.We couldnt find him at h

22、is office. 他出差了，我們?cè)谵k公室里沒找到他。 The workers are on strike. 工人們正在罷工。 The Whites are on holiday in Egypt. 懷特一家正在埃及度假。 He is now in hospital,but I think hell be out of hospitalsoon. 他住院了，我想他不久就會(huì)出院。練：Everything is_his control here.A.on B.out C.under D.with提示:under ones control意為“在某人的控制之下”，句意為:這里一切都在他的掌控之下。

23、答案:C句型1.where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句講：注意觀察下面教材原句:Where there is a river,there is a city.哪里有河，哪里就有城市。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句時(shí)，有時(shí)不表示具體的地點(diǎn)概念，而表示模糊的抽象概念，常含有條件意味。例：Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。鏈接·拓展 where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別: (1)where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，其前無先行詞，where不可換成“介詞+which”。 (2)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，其前有名詞作先行詞，where可以換成“介詞+which

24、”。 Make a mark where you have any question.(狀語從句) Make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定語從句) 在有問題的地方作個(gè)記號(hào)。練：(1)You should make it a rule to leave things _you can find them again.A.when B.where C.then D.which提示:where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。答案:B(2)(2010江蘇南京一模) I have kept the photo _ I can always see

25、 it,as it reminds me of the days when I studied in Britain.A.at which B.when C.where D.at the place提示:where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，意為“被在我總能看到的地方”。答案:C2.make+賓語+過去分詞(作賓補(bǔ))講：注意觀察下面教材原句:To make your voice heard,you can write a letter to a newspaper editor.要讓別人知道你的意見，你可以給報(bào)社編輯寫一封信?！癿ake+賓語+done”表示“使得被”。例：Youd better spe

26、ak louder to make yourself heard.你最好大聲說話，以便別人能聽到。鏈接·拓展 使役動(dòng)詞make,have,get及感官動(dòng)詞see,find,feel等都可出現(xiàn)此類搭配，表示賓語與賓補(bǔ)之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。練：（2010全國(guó)高考） Helen had to shout_ above the sound of the music.A.making herself hear B.to make herself hearC.making herself hear D.to make herself heard提示:根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，句子后部分是表達(dá)大聲喊的目的，一

27、般用不定式表達(dá)，故排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。hear與賓語herself有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D項(xiàng)。答案:D辨析1.included,including including意為“包含在內(nèi),包括”，要放在被包括的名詞或代詞之前。included意為“包括在內(nèi)”，要放在被包括的名詞或代詞之后。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)There are a lot of names in the list,_his name.(2)There are a lot of names in the list,his name _.(3)There are 40 students in our class,_four students from America.答案:(1)including (2)included (3)including2.bring,take,carry,fetchbring指將某物或某人從其他地方帶到說話人所在地方。take將人或物從說話人所在的地方帶到別處。carry攜帶東西從一處到另一處，無方向性。fetch指到別處去，然后把某物或人帶來。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Go and_todays newspaper for me.(2)Please _your son along next time you come.(3)The wo