常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)流現(xiàn)象：連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀

1、連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀、濁化英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)流現(xiàn)象1. 連讀：兩個(gè)相鄰單詞首尾音素自然的拼讀在一起，中間不停頓，被稱為連讀。連讀只發(fā)生在同一意群之內(nèi)，即意思聯(lián)系緊密的短語(yǔ)或從句之內(nèi)。1）詞尾輔音+詞首元音，如：Stand?up.Not?at?all.Put?it?on, please.Please pick?it?up.I'm?an?English boy.It?is?an?old book.Let me have?a look?at?it.Ms Black worked in?an?office.I called you half?an?hour?ago.2）詞尾不發(fā)音r 或r

2、e+詞首元音，詞尾r 發(fā)音/r/。如：far?awayHere?is a letter for you.Here?are four?eggs.where?is my cup?Where?are your brother?and sister?They're my father?and mother.I looked for?it here?and there.There?is a football under?it.There?are some books on the desk.注： 當(dāng)有意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)不可連讀。如：Is?it a hat or?a cat?（ hat 與 or 之間

3、不可以連讀）There?is?a good book in my desk. （ book 與 in 之間不可以連讀）Can you speak?English or French? （ English 與 or 之間不可以連讀）Shall we meet at?eight or ten tomorrow morning? （ meet 與at， eight 與 or 之間不可以連讀）She opened the door and walke?din. （ door 與 and 之間不可以連讀）2. 加音：在連貫的語(yǔ)流中，人們往往會(huì)在兩個(gè)元音之間加入一個(gè)外加音幫助發(fā)音，從而更加流暢地表達(dá)意思。

4、1）詞尾元音/?,u:/+詞首元音，在詞尾加上一個(gè)輕微的/w/。如：Go w away.How w and why did you come here?The question is too w easy for him to answer.2）詞尾元音/?,i:/+詞首元音，在詞尾加上一個(gè)輕微的/j/。如：I j am Chinese.She can't carry j it.I j also need the j other one.He j is very friendly to me.She wants to study j English.It'll take you

5、 three j hours to walk there.3. 失去爆破與不完全爆破：1）失去爆破：爆破音+爆破音當(dāng)兩個(gè)爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/相鄰時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音只按其發(fā)音部位做好發(fā)音口形、形成阻礙，而不爆破出來(lái)，稍微停頓后即發(fā)出后面的輔音。前一個(gè)爆破音被稱為失去爆破。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如：Kept/Blackboard/Notebook/Goodbye/September/SuitcaseBig boySharp pencilWhat timeYou must pay.Ask Bob to sit behind me.She took good care

6、 of the children.2）不完全爆破：A）爆破音+摩擦音爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/與摩擦音/f,v,s,z,?,?, ,e,r,相鄰時(shí)，產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。發(fā)摩擦音h/時(shí)， 發(fā)音器官并不形成阻礙而只形成一個(gè)很狹小的縫隙，讓氣流從縫隙中摩擦而出。 如果一個(gè)爆破音與摩擦音相接，它爆破沖出的氣流只能從狹小的縫隙中通過(guò)，這種爆破是不完全的。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如：Advance/SuccessA good viewOld friendsJust thenGet throughMake sureNight showKeep silence.Keep that in

7、 mind.B）爆破音 +破擦音爆破音與破擦音/t?,d?,tr,dr/相鄰時(shí)，產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。如：Picture/ObjectThat childGood jobSweet dreamGreat changesA fast trainC）爆破音+鼻輔音爆破音與鼻輔音/m,n,?/相鄰時(shí)：在詞中，不完全爆破；在詞尾，鼻腔爆破。如：Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/GardenGood morningGood nightStart nowI don t knowJust momentA good neighborD)爆破音+邊輔音爆破音與邊輔音/l/相鄰時(shí)

8、：在詞中，不完全爆破；在詞尾，舌側(cè)爆破。如：Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyA bit louderI d like toStraight lineGood luckAt lastAt lunch4. 同化：人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話的時(shí)往往會(huì)不自覺(jué)地讓一個(gè)音受相鄰音的影響，使它們變得與其相同或相似；或者兩個(gè)音互相影響，變?yōu)榈谌齻€(gè)音。這兩種現(xiàn)象被稱為音的同化。同化可以發(fā)生在同一個(gè)詞、復(fù)合詞內(nèi)或者句子相鄰詞之間。1)因聲帶 的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A) 濁輔音可變?yōu)榍遢o音，如： of(vf ) course， his(zs ) pen， with(e ) pleasure。B)清輔音可變?yōu)闈?/p>

9、輔音，如：like(kg ) that。2)因發(fā)音部位 的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A) /t/+/j/?/。如： /tDon t hurt yourself!I ll let you go this time.Don t you do that again.It s very nice to meet you.B) /d/+/j/?/。如：dDid your sister come?Would you please come in?Could you read this for me please?You didn t like English, did you?C) /s/+/j/?/。如：I m

10、iss you.May God bless you.We will come this year.D) /z/+/j/?/。如：Here s your ticket.I love you because you are you.Dont expect he tells you the truth.5. 省音：在快速、隨便的言語(yǔ)中，一些音素被省略掉，被稱為省音。省音能提高語(yǔ)速，使說(shuō)話省力。在正式場(chǎng)合和語(yǔ)速慢的情況下，省音不是必須的。1)同一單詞內(nèi)元音的省略，主要是非重讀音節(jié)中的/?/和 /?/，如：ord(i)n(a)ry。2) 當(dāng)前一單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一單詞以/?/開(kāi)頭時(shí)，/?/常被省略，如：

11、 walk (a)way3)當(dāng)前一單詞以否定形式-n't結(jié)尾，后一單詞以輔音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，/t/常被忽略，如：She isn'(t) there.I didn (t) hear you.He can (t) believe that.4)任何一個(gè)輔音，若后面緊跟著/h/， /h/可以不發(fā)音。如：Come (h)ere!Must (h)e /ti/ go?What will (h)e /wili/do?Has (h)e done it before?Tell (h)im to ask (h)er 5)將多個(gè)單詞利用連讀爆破等拼和在一起。如：gotta(got to)gonna(goin

12、g to)kinda(kind of)lotsa(lots of)gimme(give me)6. 強(qiáng)讀式和弱讀式：在一個(gè)句子，有些詞說(shuō)得又輕又快，而且較為含糊，有些詞則說(shuō)得又重又慢，而且較為清晰。那些說(shuō)得響亮而清晰的詞就是句子重音所在。實(shí)詞（包括名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞疑問(wèn)詞等）一般都接受句子重音，為重讀詞，采用強(qiáng)讀式；虛詞（包括介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等功能詞）一般都不接受句子重音，為非重讀詞，采用弱讀式。6.1 一般規(guī)律：1）弱讀式只出現(xiàn)在句子的非重讀詞中。如：Pass me/m?/ the/e?/ book. me、 the弱讀。2）單詞單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)或在句首或句尾

13、時(shí)，都采用強(qiáng)讀式。如：What are you listeningto/tu:/?3）被特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞，無(wú)論實(shí)詞還是虛詞都采用強(qiáng)讀式。如：I am/?m/ Peter. 我就是皮特。6.2 虛詞弱讀規(guī)律：1）長(zhǎng)音變短音，如：she/?i:/弱讀/?/。2）元音前面的輔音被省略，如：him/h?m/弱讀/?m/。3）輔音前面的元音被省略，如：am/?m/弱讀/m/。4）元音一般弱讀為/?/，如：can/k?n/弱讀/k?n/。5）部分虛詞有多種弱讀式，如：would/w?d/弱讀/?d,d/。7. 濁化：1） /s/ 后面的清輔音要濁化。如：/k/濁化成/g/: scar/school/discu

14、ssion/t/濁化成/d/: stand/student/mistake/p/濁化成/b/: spring/spirit/expression2）美音中，當(dāng)/t/出現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)元音之間并且處于非重讀位置的時(shí)候，/t/需要濁化成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音。這樣，writer 聽(tīng)起來(lái)和rider 的發(fā)音幾乎沒(méi)有區(qū)別。如：Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/cityI got it.Would you please pick it up?注： /t/如果處于重讀位置的話，即使在兩個(gè)元音之間也不需要濁化。請(qǐng)比較：清晰的 /t/濁化的 /t/I'talian'Ital

15、ya'tomic'atomLa'tino'Latinpho'tographer'photograph3)美音中，當(dāng)/t/前面是一個(gè)元音，后面是一個(gè)模糊的/l/，且處于非重讀位置，/t/也需要濁化成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音。如：Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle4) 美音中，當(dāng)/t/前面是一個(gè)清輔音或前鼻音/n/，后面是一個(gè)元音，且處于非重讀位置， /t/也需要濁化成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音。如：Twenty/fifty/center/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday朗讀

16、練習(xí)：1. There are many things to consider when you are looking for a house, whether you intend to buy or only rent. After all, it is going to be your home, perhaps for quite a long time, and you want to be happy with it. You have to decide exactly what kind of house you want, how much you can afford t

17、o pay, and the type of neighborhood you wish to live in. However, it s always easy to efot ragll above, because it s most probably tyhoaut lfla ll in love with the house for sale at the first sight.2. YouthYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lip

18、s and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.Whether