2012年中考英語考點(diǎn)知識(shí)11常見習(xí)慣用語

1、真誠(chéng)為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請(qǐng)指正。2012年中考英語考點(diǎn)11常見習(xí)慣用語（一）知識(shí)概要 由于英語國(guó)家的語言習(xí)慣與中國(guó)的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處，所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫，或與人交談中造成誤用中國(guó)方式來對(duì)英語的問句作解答。例如一個(gè)小女孩十分好看，可愛，外國(guó)人見到時(shí)會(huì)講： You are so beautiful 這時(shí)的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you 如果外國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯(cuò)，他們會(huì)講： Your English is very good 這時(shí)中國(guó)人常常會(huì)說：不，我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語，但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律

2、可講，但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國(guó)的生活習(xí)慣，了解他們的文化背景，歷史淵源，這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。（二）正誤辨析 誤 - What can I do for you?- Yes， please help me 正 - What can I do for you?- I'd like to buy a sweater 析 What can I do for you? 這一問語實(shí)際上用于的情景很多，要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為：您想要點(diǎn)什么?在其他場(chǎng)合也可以被譯為：我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對(duì)方提供的幫助。誤 - Which colour do you

3、like?- Sorry， I don't like 正 - Which colour do you like?- I prefer blue 析 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it誤 Do you like to come with us tonight? 正 Would you like to come with us tonight? 析 Do you like 問的是對(duì)方的習(xí)慣，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would yo

4、u like 則是一次性的邀請(qǐng)、提議。邀請(qǐng)的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種：Shall we go? 我們走吧!Let's go? 讓我們走吧!How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何?What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何?Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢?其肯定答語一般為Certainly， Yes， OAll right， With pleasure誤 Sorry， I've kept you waitingNot at all 正 Sorry， I've kept you waitingNever

5、mind 析 "介意不介意"這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如：- Do you mind my smoking here?- Yes， do it pleaseNo， of course notYes， take it pleaseNo， you can't take it這時(shí)正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為：不介意，當(dāng)然不。而A選項(xiàng)則自相矛盾了，它應(yīng)譯為：是的我介意，請(qǐng)抽吧。而D選項(xiàng)是：不介意，你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘?zhēng)求意見時(shí)，可以有以下問法：Do you mind if I open the door?Would you mind mailing the letter

6、 for me其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為： Certainly not， not at all而不同意時(shí)應(yīng)為 Yes， 或 I'm sorry誤 What's that man?He is Mike 正 What's that man?He is a teacher 正 Who's that man?He is Mike (He is Mike's father) 析 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè)，由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。誤 - How much are they?- Half a kilo， please 正 - How many bananas

7、do you want?- Half a kilo Please 析 How much are they? 問的是價(jià)格而不是實(shí)際物品的多少。誤 I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park? 正 Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? 析 I'm sorry 是對(duì)已經(jīng)做錯(cuò)了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r(shí)的開始語。而 Excuse me 是在打擾對(duì)方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。誤 - Have a good time tonight!- You are the same 正 - Have a good time to

8、night!- The same to you 析 The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個(gè)愉快的夜晚，它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。誤 - What's the problem?- I've got a headache 正 What's wrong with you?I've got a headache 析 What's wrong with you? 是詢問對(duì)方身體狀態(tài)如何，而 What's the problem?是問對(duì)方遇到了什么麻煩。誤 - Now， I'm back Can I play?- Perhaps You

9、9;d better do your homework first 正 - Now， I'm back Can I play?- I'm afraid not You'd better do your homework first 析 Perhaps 是表示對(duì)一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論，如： Am I right? Perhaps而 I'm afraid not 則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有：I'm afraid that you are right其后直接加賓語從句。- Will you come to my birthday

10、 party?- I'm afraid not I have to go to see my father He is in hospital其后not，表示否定。- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog其后名詞，表示對(duì)某人，某物的害怕。Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam其后 of 動(dòng)名詞，表示害怕做某事。Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well

11、 in the exam其后 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。誤 - How soon will you be ready?- Two days 正 - How soon will you be ready?- In two days 析 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，要注意的是對(duì)方問了什么，就應(yīng)答什么?；虼鹆耸裁淳蛻?yīng)問什么。 How soon 問的是"還有多久才能作完"，這時(shí)要用 in two days， 即在兩小時(shí)之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問，則答語可以用 two days。誤 - Would you mind if I have some time off

12、?- I don't mind- Monday and Tuesday of next week 正 - Would you mind if I have some time off?- When exactly- Monday and Tuesday of next week 析 有的對(duì)話是復(fù)雜的，稍有不慎就有可能選錯(cuò)，而且英語中如選錯(cuò)了答案是不容易找出錯(cuò)來的。 I don't mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind這一提問的，但如仔細(xì)看一看則會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時(shí)間，這樣才能與

13、下句中具體的時(shí)間相符合。誤 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" 正 Suppose your name is Tom The phone rings and you pick it up The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" 析 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中，習(xí)慣用法實(shí)際上在某

14、種情況，或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析，它們可能都是對(duì)的。比如，當(dāng)你拿起電話時(shí)，如果你想知道對(duì)方是誰，可以問"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要講"Who are you?"如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講"This is ×××× speaking"而不要講"I'm××××"也不要講"My name is ×××××&qu

15、ot;就語法而論，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××""My name is ×××××"并不錯(cuò)，也是英語中可用的句子，但就打電話這一場(chǎng)合，就不宜用了。誤 - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?- I don't hope so 正 - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?-

16、I hope not 析 由于初學(xué)者對(duì)實(shí)際英語口語中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語不熟悉，如在肯定答語中 I think so I hope so I believe so 是相同的，但在否定句中卻常用 I don't think so 但I(xiàn) don't believe so 和 I don't hope so 則意為：我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not 和 I hope not 則為：我想可能不會(huì)發(fā)生吧!誤 - Is anybody there?- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 正 - Is everybody

17、 there?- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave 析 許多學(xué)生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時(shí)總要語法在前，而不是習(xí)慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為：這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為：全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave誤 - Your handwriting is very good!- No， my handwriting is very poor 正 - Your han

18、dwriting is very good!- Thank you 析 中國(guó)人遇到別人稱贊，總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎(jiǎng)你或贊美你時(shí)，就應(yīng)說： Thank you 又比如中國(guó)人見面時(shí)常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認(rèn)為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時(shí)往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話，如： Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning 和 How do you do 則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問候語，在日常

19、生活中則十分少見。誤 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I'll go first" 正 When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me I have to go" 析 這兩句答語都是正確的，其關(guān)鍵不是語法，而是習(xí)慣問題。如果在這樣的場(chǎng)合你講 I'll go f

20、irst 朋友們會(huì)迷惑不解，而 I have to go 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去，而你本人則十分不愿做此事。誤 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- I'd like to， and I'm too busy 正 - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- I'd like to， but I'm too busy 析 I'm too busy 與 I'd like to 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對(duì)詞義合乎邏輯

21、的表達(dá)能力。所以要強(qiáng)調(diào)語言環(huán)境，更要強(qiáng)調(diào)在語言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語辨析。誤 - Where's Deter?- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet 正 - Where's Deter?- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet 析 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的，所以應(yīng)用 may 來表達(dá)一個(gè)不肯定的事件。誤 - Hi， haven't seen you for a

22、ges! You look fine!- Great You look well too 正 - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!- Thanks You look well too 析 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆，而 Thanks 則表示感謝對(duì)方的稱贊。所以對(duì)情景談話要有準(zhǔn)確的判定，要根據(jù)情景，身臨其境，上下對(duì)照，周密思考，弄清場(chǎng)合，注意英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，注重語義上的詞語辨析，并要進(jìn)行大量的語言實(shí)踐練習(xí)，擴(kuò)大實(shí)際交際能力。（三）例題解析 1 - Would you like to have some rice?

23、- AYes， I like BYes， please Cof course DYes， I have答案 B.析 當(dāng)對(duì)方對(duì)你發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)的問語時(shí)，如果你想接受則講 Yes， please 如不想接受則用No， thanks2 - Nice to see you- AGood morning BHappy to meet you， too CNice to see you， too DPleased to meet you， too答案 C.析 雖然A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以作為某種問候語的答語，但英語中問候語的答語多用重復(fù)對(duì)方的話，以表達(dá)同樣的心情。3 - Would you please giv

24、e me some water?- AYes， I would BCertainly CNo， thanks DYes， please答案 B.析 當(dāng)對(duì)方發(fā)出十分禮貌的請(qǐng)求幫助的問語時(shí)，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please 為"是的，您請(qǐng)做某事吧"。這一含意顯然不對(duì)。4 - Thank you very much for helping me- AYou're welcome BIt doesn't matter CNo need DDon't say that答案 A.析 You're welcome 譯為中文為：不用謝。而 It

25、doesn't matter 則為：沒關(guān)系。5 - Hello， Lucy How are you?- And you?AFine， thanks BYes， I am CGlad to meet you DGood afternoon答案 A.析 在正常交往中一定要避免所問非所答。所以對(duì) How are you? 的答語應(yīng)為"很好，謝謝!"6 - Help yourself to some meat- AIt sounds nice BYes， please CYes， Let's help each other DThank you答案 D.析 Help

26、 yourself to some meat 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意為主人勸客人不要客氣，像在家里一樣。7 - Oh， I am not feeling well I've got a cold- AFine， How are you? BNever mind Take care CWell， I 'm sure to get weel soon DI'm sorry to hear that 答案 D.析 這是美國(guó)、英國(guó)的習(xí)慣用語，而B、 C則是中國(guó)人常講的答語。8 - Meimei you speak English very well- ANo， I don

27、9;t think so BThank you very muchCNot good enough DThat's all right答案 B.9 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"- , Mum I'll get itAYes， I could BNo， thanks COK DYes， but I have no time答案 C.析 要注意 could 用于口語中是為了講話的口氣委婉，但它不是過去時(shí)態(tài)，也不是助動(dòng)詞，而應(yīng)看作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所以在答語中則不應(yīng)這樣用。10 - Could you

28、look after Polly for me while we're away?- ANo， thanks BWith pleasure CI'm not afraid DI'm sure you will答案 B.析 With pleasure 是英語中的一句十分客氣的答語，用在當(dāng)對(duì)方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時(shí)，表達(dá)自己十分樂意為對(duì)方效力的口氣。11 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please?- AHold on， please BThat's the headmaster， please CWho

29、 are you ? please DSorry I'm not the headmaster答案 A.析 hold on， please 是指請(qǐng)對(duì)方等一等不要將電話放下的用語。如果要講我就是的話不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在電話用語中 that 指對(duì)方， this 指自己。12 - Happy birthday!- AThank you BThe same to you CGood luck DCongratulations答案 A.析 the same to you 是同樣祝賀對(duì)方的意思，不能用于生日這一祝賀語，除非兩人的生日在同一天。13 - I'm sorr

30、y I don't know the way， either You'd better ask that policeman for help - AGood night BThat's nothing CVery well DThank you all the same答案 D.析 當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ角笾鷷r(shí)，對(duì)方無能為力，這時(shí)的感謝語則為 Thank you all the same 意為不管如何還是要謝謝你。14 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything- AI'm sorry BDo

31、n't worry CGood luck DBad luck答案 D.析 如果用A則要用 I'm sorry to hear that而不能單用 I'm sorry 因I'm sorry 是向?qū)Ψ降狼?。?bad luck 為真是不幸啊。15 - - I have got a coughAWhat's your trouble? BWhat have you got? CWhy did you come here? DHave you got a cough?答案 A.析 What's your trouble? 多用于問對(duì)方有什么問題、麻煩或得

32、了什么病。這種用語還有 What's wrong with you?16 - Would you like to go shopping with me?- AYes， I'd love to BThat's right CYes， please DQuite well答案 A.析 表示愿意作某事應(yīng)講：I'd love to I'd like to17 - What's the weather like today!- AIt's nice for a walk BI like autumn best of allCIt will be

33、fine tomorrow DIt's rather cold today答案 D.析 本題要注意問的是什么，不要所問非所答。因問題是今天的天氣怎樣，所以只能選D18 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her- Sorry， she is out You'd better Avisit her in the office Bcall her later Csee her this afternoon Dspeak to her yourself答案 B.析 call her later 晚些時(shí)候再來電話。19 - - Very w

34、ell， thank you， and you?AHow do you do? BGood morning CHow are you these days? DHow do you like English?答案 C.析 本題是由答語來推斷問話，所以應(yīng)熟悉英語的問答習(xí)慣： How do you do? 的答語應(yīng)為 How do you do?20 - How is your mother?- AShe is old BShe is no better than she was CShe is kindhearted DShe is in her forties答案 B.析 How is you

35、r mother? 問的是你媽身體如何，而B選項(xiàng)則是"她不比以前強(qiáng)"。而其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)則是所問非所答。21 - Thank you very much for your help- AYou're welcome BPlease don't CThere's no trouble DNo， no答案 A.22 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema Afterwards you thank him He says " "AIt was nothing BI'm glad you enjo

36、yed it CDon't say it DNo， needn't答案 B.析 這是英語的答語，千萬不要選A，因它是中文習(xí)慣的答語。23 - Thank you for your good present- AIt's not good BNo， no CMy pleasure DNever mind答案 C.24 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you C.you are very kind D.I'l

37、l thank you答案 B.25 - I am very sorry I am late for dinner - A.No， you aren't B.That's all right C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't答案 B.析 That's all right 沒關(guān)系。26 - I'm sorry if I hurt you- AI'm sorry BIt's not true CIt doesn't matter DDon't say sorry答案 C.27 - I should

38、have gone to see the exhibition with you - AI'm sorry BWhat a pity CIt doesn't matter to me DThat's terrible答案 B.析 What a pity. 真遺憾。第一句應(yīng)為我真該和你一起去展覽會(huì)。28 - Help yourself to some fish- AYou are very kind BYes， I'm helping myself CThank you DYes， don't worry about me答案 C.29 - Are you

39、 ready?-_ AI'm very sorry BTry to be patient CNot yet， wait a minute DDo you have the time， please?答案 C.析 not yet 意為還沒有完成。30 - Mum， I have passed the exam- AThat's all right BCongratulations CYou are luck DGood luck to you答案 B.31 - I think I have to leave I hope we can get together again- AA

40、ll right BThat's all right COK DI hope so， too答案 D.32 Must I wait till he comes back? ANo， you needn't BNo， you mustn't CNo， you may not DNo， you can't答案 A.析 must 提問表示必須這樣做嗎?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必須做，而否定句則要用 needn't 表示沒有必要做。33 - I pay you the house rent right away?- Yes， you have to do

41、itAShall BWay CMust DHave答案 C.34 - Don't you think this colour is too bright? - AYes， I agree BYes， but I don't think so CYes， of course not DYes， what's wrong?答案 A.35 - It was cold yesterday- ASo was it BSo it was CI believe not so DI believe not答案 B.析 當(dāng)答語只是重復(fù)對(duì)方講的話時(shí)，則不用倒裝。因 so it was即為：

42、是的，天氣昨天很冷。而當(dāng)講前面講的動(dòng)作也適合于另一個(gè)人時(shí)，則要倒裝。如： I went to the cinema yesterday So did I 表示對(duì)方去了電影院，我也去了。36 - What do you think of the song?- AI like music very much BI like it too CWith pleasure DIt sounds sweet答案 D.析 sound 在這里是系動(dòng)詞，為聽起來很甜美。系動(dòng)詞后要用形容詞，而不要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。37 Do you like tea or coffee? AYes， I do BThank you CThat's fine DEither will do答案 D.析 either will do 為兩者哪個(gè)都可以。38 I like your sweater very much ANo， it's ugly BSorry CThank you DYou're welcome答案 C.析 這是英美語言的習(xí)慣。39 He likes travelling by train ASo do I BI dos CI like so DI like it，