英語的主語(一)

1、一、主語表示法1、名詞作主語David arrived last night. 大衛(wèi)昨晚到達(dá)。Pride goes before a fall. 驕必?cái)　?、代詞作主語Who is speaking, please?（在電話中）請問 您是誰？That's OK. 這沒問題。3、數(shù)詞作主語Two will be enough. 兩個就夠了。Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分 之二的工人是女工。4、ing 形式（動名詞）作主語Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的運(yùn) 動。Looking up all the new wo

2、rds in the dictionary took him a lot of time. 從字典里查所有的生詞花費(fèi)了他許多時間。5、不定式作主語To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想轉(zhuǎn)變成現(xiàn)實(shí)需要辛勤的勞動。6、名詞化的形容詞作主語The blind and the lame are well cared for inour countr y在我們國家，盲人和肢殘人受到很好的照 顧。The un employed usually lead a hard life.失業(yè)的人生活一般很困難。7、短語（詞組）作主語How t

3、o do well is an important questio n.如何把這件事做好是一個重要問題。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.早睡早起身體好。8從句作主語What has happened proves that our policy is right.發(fā)生的一切證明我們的政策是對的。Whether we'll go depends on the weather.我們是否去要看天氣。9、副詞、介詞短語作主語Slowly is exactly how he speaks.Between 8 and 9 wil

4、l suit me.二、用it作主語的句子（一） it作人稱代詞1、代表剛提到的東西以避免重復(fù)Where is my book?It is on the desk.歡迎下載32、代表抽象的事物It is very kind of you to help me.3、指某種動物Is this your dog? -No, it isn't.4、指未知性別的嬰兒What a beautiful baby?Is it a boy?5、指彼此都知道的東西When did it happe n?（二） it作非人稱代詞1、指天氣It is a fine day.2、指時間It is seve n

5、o'clock now.3、指距離How far is it from here to Guan zhou?4、指重量It is three jin altogether.5、指環(huán)境It is very crowded here in the weeke nd.（二）it表示強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was who/thatIt was in the park that I met your father. It is you who I want to look for.（四）it作先行主語（幾種句型）歡迎下載1、be +形容詞+不定式It is very difficult to

6、finish the job in time.2、be +名詞+不定式It is my duty to look after his childre n.3、be +介詞短語+不定式It is beyond me to say why.4、及物動詞+賓語+不定式It takes me three days to finish the task.5、be +名詞+動名詞It is no use saying too much about it now.6、be +形容詞+動名詞It is worthwhile reading the novel.7、其他結(jié)構(gòu)It does'matter

7、making some mistakes.It does' make any difference passing the exa m.It felt funny dressing like that.（五）it用于主語從句（常見的幾種句型）1. It is a pity （a shame, a fact, an honour, a w onder, a good thing, good news, no wonder et c.） that It is a pity that he can'come.2. It is strange （natural, surprising,

8、 obvious, t rue, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, ridicul歡迎下載4 ous, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quit e clear, unusual, etc.) that-It is strange that he should know the answer.3 . It seems (happened, thus came about, turn ed out, suddenly struck me, occurred to me, et c.) thatIt seems t

9、hat he doesrtlike this fil m.4. It is said ( reported, rumoured, announced, arranged, decided, stressed, expected, etc.) th atIt is said that he has been sent to America.5. It is doubtful (not known, not decided, not made clear, to be found out, to be made clear, to be argued, to be discussed, to be

10、 decided, being discussed, being considered, a question, a mystery, debatable, uncertain, open to quest ion, etc.) +連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句It is doubtful whether he will come next week.It was a question whether he should get married.It is not decided who will take part in the歡迎下載5game.6t does'matter （ do

11、esntmake too much dif ference, doesntseem to matter much, doeS t need to be bothered, does'alter the situatio n, is of little consequence, does'affect us, et c.） +連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句It doesn't matter where we will go travelling.It makes no difference whether we go by train or by plane.（六）it的其

12、他用法1、可表示“是誰（在某處或做某事）Who is that?It 'me.What is that noise? It 'only the dog.2、泛指某件事It is my turn.It doesn' matter.三、主語從句1. 由that引導(dǎo)：That price will go up is certai n.That she is stiil alive makes us very happ y.2. 由what引導(dǎo)：What you need is more practice 你需要的是歡迎下載#更多的練習(xí)。What I want to know

13、is this.我想知道的是這 一點(diǎn)。What they are attacking is Marxism - Leninis m itself.他們所攻擊的是馬列主義本身。What is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad 難 的是一輩 子做好事，不做壞事。What little she said has left us much to think a bout .她說的短短幾句話很發(fā)人深思。3、由連接代（副）詞引導(dǎo)：Why she should have said such a thing puzz

14、le d him.Whom we should send as our representative r emains to be discussed.When and where this took place is still unkno wn.Whether we should call this kind of sentence elliptical is open to questio n.How she should word the letter troubled her g reatly.Who is to take Xiao Zhous place as secretary

15、is not yet settled.歡迎下載13Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 這里說的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。Whatever measures we adopt must be in conf ormity with the general line.我們采取的任何 措施都應(yīng)符合總路線。Whoever sides with the revolutionary people i s a revolutionary什么人站在革命人民方面， 他就是革命派。Whoever falls to see this will make a big blu n

16、 der.誰要是看不到這一點(diǎn)就要犯極大錯誤。四、there引導(dǎo)的句子there be.句型是存在句的常用基本結(jié)構(gòu)， there在句中處于主語位置，起形式主語的 作用，真正的主語是隨后的名詞詞組。其謂 語動詞通常是be的各種時、體等形式。女口：There is ice on the lake.湖上有冰。There were three stude nts in the classroomthen.當(dāng)時教室有三個學(xué)生。There has n ever bee n any body like you.從來 還沒有像你這樣的人。There will be snow on high gro und.在高

17、地上 將會有雪。除此之外，there be句型還有一些特殊的結(jié) 構(gòu)：1. there +情態(tài)助動詞+ be表示 預(yù)見”可能” 必然”或 過去習(xí)慣存在”等。女口：There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. 如果你等一會兒，可能會有甜點(diǎn)。There ought to have been someone on duty all the time.本來應(yīng)該有人全天值班。There shall be no more wars. 再也不會打仗 了。也可以用there +某些半助動詞+ be（很少 使用完成體形式），如：be going to, be ce

18、rtainto, be sure to, be likely to, have to be等。 There is going to be a rain.要下雨了。There's likely to be an interview.可能會有一 場面試。There has to be a mistake.必定有錯。2. 在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出 現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動詞也可以與there連用，如:appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise, enter, follow, occur, rise, gro

19、w, happen, belong, arrive, fly, flash, sail, pass, run, spring up, emerg等o 如：There exist many ancient temples in the country.那個國家有很多古老的寺廟。歡迎下載There lies a small village in the mountain.山 里有個小村子。Once upon a time, there lived an old queer man in the city.從前，城里住著個怪老頭。There rema ins nothing more to be d

20、one.沒有 什么別的事可做了。There followed the first world war. 接著就是 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)。There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.他的頭腦中閃過英雄戰(zhàn)士的 形象。There spra ng up a wild gale 突然舌 V起一陣狂 風(fēng)。偶爾也能見到there后接及物動詞：There struck me a sudde n idea.突然我有了 一個主意。如果句中的地點(diǎn)狀語前移就可以省略there。 如:Behind the house (there) is a sm

21、all river.3. there + 不定式 to be 或 there + being 形 式，稱為非限定存在句，可以作主語、賓語、 介詞補(bǔ)足成分。1) 作主語There being a railway station in the town is a 歡迎下載10 great adva ntage.鎮(zhèn)上有個火車站，真方便 呀！“ there to be+N作主語時，通常用for作引 導(dǎo)詞：For there to be a mistake in a computer's arithmetic is impossible. 計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)算錯誤是 不可能的。It was seldom for there to be no late comers.新來者很少沒有遲到的。2）作賓語The committee an ticipated there being less debate in the sec ond discussi on.委員會期望 在第二次討論中爭議能少一些。We expect there to be