語法小小冊子

1、優(yōu)越教育中心 音標&語法提高班 一切為了孩子，為了孩子的一切 一般現(xiàn)在時 現(xiàn)在進行時 一般將來時 一般過去時 形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級第24課時：一般現(xiàn)在時講解1、 一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹：（1）、經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作，如：I get up at six every day.（2）、現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)，主要是含有be動詞的。如： He is twelve. Kate is in the room.（3） 、普遍真理，如：The moon moves round the earth.（4）、在包含時間或條件狀語從句的復合句中，主句謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時，主將從現(xiàn)。如：I wont go th

2、ere if it rains tomorrow. （5） 、表示主語現(xiàn)在的性格、特征、能力，如：I like English.She likes apples. / We can speak Chinese. 2、一般現(xiàn)在時關鍵詞和標志詞，即看到句子中有以下的關鍵詞和標志詞時就要馬上想到用一般現(xiàn)在時時態(tài)（不是百分之一百的情況，只是在一般的情況下）。3、一般現(xiàn)在時的動詞形式有三種：be動詞、動詞原形和動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式。一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中動詞有三種變化形式，分別是：（1）、主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的用動詞原形（2）、主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。（3）、主語是I用am，是她/他/它用

3、is，主語是你或復數(shù)用are4、 一般來說，主語當做第三人稱單數(shù)形式有以下幾種情況： （1）、人稱代詞he, she, it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：  He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點吃午餐。   It looks like a cat. 它看起來像只貓。（2）、單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：   Han Mei looks like her mother. 韓梅看起來像她的母親。    Beij

4、ing is in China. 北京在中國。    Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔經(jīng)常做蛋糕。（3）、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：  A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動物。   This book is yours. 這本書是你的。    That car is red. 那輛小汽車是紅色的。   The cat is Lucy's. 這只

5、貓是露茜的。 （4）、不定代詞someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代詞this, that作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：   Everyone is here. 大家到齊了。    There is something wrong with the watch. 這塊手表有毛病。    This is a pen. 這是一支鋼筆。   That is an eraser. 那是一塊橡皮擦。（5）、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時為第三人稱單數(shù)。如：&#

6、160;   The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。   The bread is very small. 那面包很小。（6）、當數(shù)字或字母作主語時，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如：   "6" is a lucky number. "6"是個吉利數(shù)字。"I" is a letter. "I"是個字母。5、動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的構成（1）、一般直接在詞尾加 s， 如：work-works live-lives make-makes （2）、以s

7、,x,ch ,sh等結尾的單詞加 es , 如： miss-missesfix-fixes finish-finishes teach-teaches（3）、以輔音字母加y結尾的單詞，變y為i加 es , 如： fly-flies（4）、以輔音字母加o結尾的單詞，加 es 如: go-goes do-does（5）、還有一個特殊的就是have變成has喔.6、特別講解：一般疑問句中三單形式表現(xiàn)在do和does的轉換，若主語為上述的he/she/it和單數(shù)名詞就要用does，若是I或者you就要用do 。練習1、用 do或 does 填空。 （1）、 _ your sister like PE?

8、 No, she _ not. （2）、How_ Linda go to school? She _ to school on foot. （3）、 He _ not speak English. He speaks Chinese. （4）、_ you know that girl? Yes, she is my sister. （5）、 _ your father have CDs? No, he _.2、寫出下列動詞單三形式drink _ go _ stay _ make _ brush_ pass_ carry _ have_ teach_ look _come_ study_ pla

9、nt _ watch_ fly _ do _ wash_ finish_ guess_ snow_carry_課后作業(yè)：用括號內動詞的適當形式填空。 1. He often _ (have) dinner at home. 2. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday.3. Nick _ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 4._ they _ (like) the World Cup 5. What _they often _ (do) on Saturdays 6._ your parents _ (read) newspapers every

10、 day 7. The girl _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 8. She and I _ (take) a walk together every evening. 9. There _ (be) some water in the bottle. 10. Mike _ (like) cooking. 11. They _ (have) the same hobby. 12. My aunt _ (look) after her baby carefully. 13. You always _ (do) your homework well.14. I

11、_ (be) ill. Im staying in bed. 15. She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 16. Liu Tao _ (do) not like PE. 17. The child often _ (watch) TV in the evening. 19. Mikes sister _ (cook) nice food. I _ (like) eating it very much. 20._ (do) your father_ (watch) TV in the evening？ No, he _ (not). 21. T

12、om usually_ (play) football after school 22. He _ (live) in a small town near Nanjing. 23. I like_ (cook) and_ (grow) flowers. 24. I _ (go) to school by bus, and he _ (go) to school by bike. 25. Who _ (sing) beautifully in your class 第25課時：現(xiàn)在進行時講解1、現(xiàn)在進行時的用法（1）用來表示說話時正在進行或者發(fā)生的動作，例如：Mother is cooking

13、in the kitchen.媽媽在廚房里煮飯。What are you looking at? 你在看什么？（2）用來表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作（但說話時不一定在進行），例如： Is she writing a novel? 她正在寫一本小說嗎？（3）用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作，一般是指按計劃或者安排好要發(fā)生的動作。適用于這種情況的動詞主要有：go,come,leave,start,arrive等。例如: Im going home in half an hour.我一個半小時內要回家。 The train is arriving soon.火車很快就要到達了。2、構成與標志詞。構成：由be(am

14、/is/are)+動詞-ing形式構成 標志性詞語：(1)、現(xiàn)在進行時.通常用“now”. eg: I am doing my homework now.（2）、現(xiàn)在進行時.通常用“l(fā)ook”.eg: Look! My mother is running!（3）、現(xiàn)在進行時.通常用“l(fā)isten”.eg: Listen! They are reading.（4）、現(xiàn)在進行時.通常用“at the (this) moment”eg: At the (this) moment, he is only weeping.3、動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構成規(guī)則（1 ）、 一般情況下直接加ing think-thin

15、king sleep-sleeping study-studying speak-speaking say-saying carry-carrying wake-waking （2）、 以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的單詞,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking （3 ）、 以重讀閉音節(jié)（重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個輔音中間夾一個元音并且重讀的音節(jié)）結尾，呈現(xiàn) “輔，元，輔”結構的動詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running forget-f

16、orgetting begin-beginning這類詞還有：bigin，cut, get,hit, run, set, sit, spit, stop, swim, beg, drop, fit, nod, dig,forget, regret, rid, 等。（4 ）、 以ie結尾的動詞，把ie改為y ，再加ing die-dying lie-lying 4、 現(xiàn)在進行時的句型變化（1）、 肯定式結構：主語+be+動詞-ing形式+其他.例如：We are running now.（2）、 否定式結構：主語+be+not+動詞-ing形式+其他.例如：They arent doing th

17、eir homework.（3）、 一般疑問句式結構：Be+主語+動詞-ing形式+其他？例如：Is she having English lesson?回答：肯定Yes, she is. 否定:No, she isnt.（4）、特殊疑問句式結構：疑問詞+be+主語+其他？例如:What is he doing now?回答：He is swimming.練習1、 寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式wash_ match_ guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_ stop_ see_ drive _ let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ th

18、ink_ teach_ catch_ stay_ begin_ forget_ lie_ die _ run_ prefer_ give_ ring_ dance_ hope_ 課后作業(yè)：選擇題 1. Who _ over there now?   A. singing   B. are sing   C. is singing   D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class.   A. have  

19、 B. having   C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room.   A. crying   B. cried   C. is crying    D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters.   A. are wearing   B. wearing   C. are wear D. is we

20、aring5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _.A. is sleeping   B. are sleeping   C. sleeping   D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital.A. work/ work   B. works/ work   C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class?

21、0;  A. speak   B. speaks   C. speaking8. Mrs. Read _ the windows every day.   A. is cleaning   B. clean   C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music.   A. like/ listen   B. likes/ listens   C. like/ are listening10

22、. She _ up at six in the morning.   A. get   B. gets   C. getting11. On Sundays he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping.A. wash/ do   B. is washing/ is doing   C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but

23、Jim _ some coffee for it.   A. have/ have   B. have/ has   C. has/ have第26課時：一般將來時講解1、一般將來時的定義: 表示將來某一個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)常或重復發(fā)生的動作.2、一般將來時的標志詞: tomorrow(明天), the day after tomorrow(后天) next year(明年) next month(下一個月) next week(下一個星期)3、.一般將來時的構成:（1）、主語+be(am,is,are) g

24、oing to+動詞原形+. 例如:(1).I am going to play football tomorrow.明天我將要踢足球. (2).She is going to watch a movie the day after tomorrow.后天她要看一場電影.（2）、主語+will/shall+動詞原形+. * *說明:(1).will/shall有時可以和be going to 互換; (2).will是萬能的,shall只能用在第一人稱,主語是I,we. (3).will和shall的后面接動詞原形)例如:(1).I shall/will go to Beijing next

25、month.(I will=I'll)下個月我將要去北京. (2).You will come to see me tomorrow.(you will=you'll)明天你將要來看我. (3).She will read English tomorrow morning.(She will=She'll)明天早上她將要讀英語。練習：用所給動詞的一般將來時填空。1. I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my work before I _ （leave）.2. How long _ you _（study）in our count

26、ry? I _（plan）to be here for about one more year. I _（hope）to visit the other parts of your country. What _ you _（do）after you _（leave）here? I _（return）home and _（get）a job.3. I _（be）tired. I _（go）to bed early tonight.4. Marys birthday is next Monday, her mother _（give）her a prese

27、nt.5. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon.6. _ you _（be）here this Saturday? No. I _（visit）my teacher.7. _ I _（get）you a copy of todays newspaper? Thank you.8. I am afraid there _（be）a meeting this afternoon. I cant join you.9. Mike _（believe, not）this until he _（see）it with his own

28、eyes.10. Most of us dont think their team _（win）.1、 課后作業(yè)：單項選擇題。1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.         A. will be going to    B. will going to be C. is going to be    D. will go to be2. Charlie _ here next month. 

29、60;       A. isnt working    B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working    D. wont work3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.         A. will be; is    B. is; is   

30、   C. will be; will be    D. is; will be4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.         A. was    B. is going to have C. will have    D. is going to be5. _ you _ free tomorrow?  &#

31、160; No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.     A. Are; going to; will    B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be   D. Are; going to be; will be6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday.       

32、;  A. will gives    B. will give       C. gives    D. give7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?    _. （不，不要。）         A. No, you wont    B. No, you arent. C. No, please do

33、nt    D. No, please.8. Where is the morning paper?    I _ if for you at once.         A. get    B. am getting        C. to get    D. will get9. _ a concert next Satu

34、rday?         A. There will be    B. Will there be C. There can be    D. There are10. If they come, we _ a meeting.         A. have    B. will have C. had     D

35、. would have11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.         A. gives    B. gave      C. will giving    D. is going to giving12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there.     

36、    A. writes     B. has written C. will write    D. wrote13. He _ in three days.         A. coming back    B. came back C. will come back     D. is going to coming back14. If it _ tomo

37、rrow, well go roller-skating.         A. isnt rain    B. wont rain       C. doesnt rain    D. doesnt fine15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?     

38、 No, _ （不去）.          A. they willnt    B. they wont.     C. they arent    D. they dont.第27課時：一般過去時講解1、 一般過去時的用法：（1）、一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生而現(xiàn)在已結束的動作或狀態(tài)（2）、在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生，也可以表示過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作。2、找一般過去時的標志性詞語：Yesterday，last week ，

39、 the day before yesterday ，last month ，last year， last night3、巧記一般過去時：動詞一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的事；be用was或用were, have, has變had；謂語動詞過去式，過去時間作標志；一般動詞加-ed，若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡單，主語之后didnt添； 疑問句子也不難，did放在主語前；           （不含be動詞時）如果謂語之前有did，謂語動詞需還原；動詞若是was, were,否定就把not添。

40、0;          （含be動詞時）疑問句也不難，要把was，were放在主語前。4、be的一般過去時：學習動詞be的一般過去時，下面有一口訣，它可以幫你們更好地掌握動詞be的一般過去時。  be的過去時有四巧：    一是時間狀語巧， 表示過去的短語要記牢；    二是形式巧，單數(shù)was，復數(shù)were；    三巧是否定句結構，not緊跟waswere；    四是疑問句

41、式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。5、 動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則：規(guī)則變化：（1）、 直接加ed e. g：work worked （2）、 以不發(fā)音的e結尾的在單詞末尾加d e.g：live lived （3）、 以輔音字母+y結尾的，變y為i加ed e.g：study stuied （4）、 以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ed e.g： stop stopped 不規(guī)則變化: e.g：cut cut read read sit sat run ran練習：1、寫出下列動詞的過去式tell     break     bu

42、ild     catch    begin    draw    eat come buy cut read put think go get give keep know 2、單項選擇： 從下列各題后所給的四個選項中選擇最佳答案填空。 (   )1 My fatherill yesterday         A isn't   B aren&#

43、39;t      C wasn't  D weren't(   )2 your parents at home last week         A Is       B Was          C Are  D Were(   )3 T

44、he  twinsin Dalian  last year Theyhere now         A are; were    B were; are   C was; are        D were; was(   )4 your father at work the dayyesterday(前天）    

45、     A Was; before     B Is; before     C Was; after      D Is; after  (   )5 Who was on duty last Friday                

46、0; A I am       B I was     C Yes, I was       D No, I wasn't (   )6.  I cleaned my classroom _.        A   with three hours     B 

47、  three hours ago          C    in three hours      D    three hours before(   ) 7. I came _ my house two days ago .      A   back on     &#

48、160;  B   back to          C    to back         D   back(   ) 8 .   _?  He did some reading at home.     A What does your father d

49、o yesterday evening       B  What does your brother do in the school     C What did your brother do over the weekend        D  Where did your brother go last Sunday(   ) 9. What did you do _ ? I went to th

50、e movies.     A next morning   Bover the weekend  C  in the weekend  D next Monday(    ) 10.  The koala sleeps _，but gets up _.     A   during the day; at the evening      

51、60;         B   at day ;during night     C   in the day ;during the evening                 D   during the day ; at night課后作業(yè)：請用動詞的正確形式

52、天空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday?      No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?  He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) h

53、er aunt last weekend.  She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.6. When _ you _(write) this song? I _(write) it last year.7. My friend, Carol, _(study) for the math test and _(practice) English last night.8. _ Mr. Li _(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _.9. How _(be) Jim's week

54、end? It _(be not) bad.10. _ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No，she _.第28課時：形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級講解1、 形容詞的比較級用法: 用于兩者及之間的人或事物的比較。1）A+形容詞比較級+than+ BSusan is happier than Jane.His brother is younger than me.Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.形容詞比較級前還可以用much, even, still, a little，far, a lot, a

55、 bit, much more來修飾。very, so, too, quite 不能修飾比較級。2）數(shù)字+形容詞比較級+thanIm two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.3）比較級+and+比較級，表示“越來越”The earth is getting warmer and warmer.China becomes more and more stronger.4）the +比較級，the +比較級結構，表示“越就越”The more I study it, the more I like it.5）which/who +

56、is +比較級Which city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?Who is happier, you or me?2、形容詞的最高級用法：用于三者及以上的人或事物的比較,最高級前加the，最高級前有物主代詞，序數(shù)詞和名詞所有格時，不加定冠詞，后面跟帶in或of表范圍的短語。1）one of the +最高級Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.Our city is one of the safest cities in the world.Most people like apples.M

57、ost of the boys are good.It is our nearest neighbor in space.2）最高級意義的表達方法:例句最高級She is the best in her class. 比較級She is better than any other student in her class.No other student in her class is better than she.原級No other student in her class is as good as she.3、副詞比較級和最高級的用法：（1）、 原級主要的句型：as+副詞原級+asT

58、om runs as fast as Jones.not as/so+副詞原級+asHe didnt come as/so early as Li Lei.too+副詞原級+to do sth.Jean rides too slowly to catch up with me.so +副詞原級+ thatJean rides so slowly that she cant catch up with me.副詞原級+enough to do sth.Jean doesnt ride fast enough to catch up with me.（2）、比較級的用法：比較級+than。當前后使

59、用的動詞相同時，通常用助動詞來代替后面的動詞，該動詞或助動詞可以省略。Lily run faster than Mary(did).比較級+and +比較級The days are getting longer and longer in summer.the morethe moreThe harder you work, the better you will learn.（3）、最高級的用法：副詞最高級前一般有the，也可省略。He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class.4、形容詞、副詞比較級和最高級的構成：（1）、單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則原級比較級最高級1.在詞尾后直接加-er/esttalltallertallest2.詞尾是e，只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以輔音字母加y結尾的，把y變i再加-er/esthappy