初中常見相似詞語辨析之九

1、真誠為您提供優(yōu)質(zhì)參考資料，若有不當(dāng)之處，請指正。初中常見相似詞語辨析之九二五、due to，owing to 這一對詞組都表示“因?yàn)椤?、“由于”之意，但用法和使用場合有所不同。在?biāo)準(zhǔn)英語里，due to只能用以引導(dǎo)形容詞短語，不可引導(dǎo)副詞短語。例如：Our delay was due to heavy trafficMistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences在第一例中，due to引導(dǎo)的短語在句中作表語，用在 verb“to be”之后；在第二例中，due to引導(dǎo)的短語作定語，修飾前面的主語mistakes。主張語言純

2、正者（purists）認(rèn)為，due to不能引導(dǎo)副詞短語，因此，下列句中的 due to應(yīng)改為 owing to或 because of：Due to ill health，he could not attend the meeting由于健康不佳，他不能參加會(huì)議。事實(shí)上，在現(xiàn)代英語中，due to也經(jīng)常用以引導(dǎo)副詞短語，下面數(shù)句均摘自英美刊物：Due to the weather，the flight was cancelledHe failed due to carelessnessThe population of Pennsylvania increased from 50，000 i

3、n 1730 to more than 200，000 in 1763，due in large part to the thousands of ScotchIrishin America，where women began to predominate from pioneer times，due to their scarcity and greater demandsOwing to如同 because of或 on account of一樣，是個(gè)介詞，只能引導(dǎo)副詞短語。例：Owing to the rain，they could not come由于下雨，他們不能來了。Owing t

4、o a traffic hold-up，I missed my flight由于交通堵塞，我趕不上航班。The project fell through because of poor planning工程告吹是因?yàn)槿狈χ茉敳邉?。The university faced a cost overrun on account of miscalculation大學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)超支是因?yàn)轭A(yù)計(jì)錯(cuò)誤。上面提過，在今日英語中，以上的 owing to/because of/on account of都可以用due to代替。二六、during，for 介詞for引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，很易和during混淆不清。它們的區(qū)

5、別如下：（一）during用在已知的時(shí)期、節(jié)日或表示時(shí)間觀念的名詞之前，其后通常接the、this、that、these、those、my、your、his等詞。例：during the last four days（the spring of 1995）during the winter（war，economic crisis of 1929）during that time（the course of the play）during my holidays（summer vacation）during her absence（interview）during our stay in Jap

6、an（their visit here）而for則用以表示“有限的”或“無限的”時(shí)間概念，通常其后接冠詞、數(shù)詞，復(fù)數(shù)名詞或副詞ever。例如：for the first time（a time，a while）for a couple of weeks（days）for two months（weeks）for many years（generations）for years（months）for ever（ages）（二）during的涵義是“當(dāng)之際”，它既可指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里連續(xù)不斷地進(jìn)行，也可以指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在這段時(shí)期里的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生。如：He was sick for a week a

7、nd during that week he was placed in an infirmary他病了一個(gè)星期，在這個(gè)星期里，他住在護(hù)養(yǎng)院。It snowed all day but stopped snowing during that night下了一整天雪，到晚上才停了。而for的涵義是指某個(gè)動(dòng)作在某個(gè)時(shí)期里處于連續(xù)不斷的狀態(tài)。如：They worked for the whole day他們干了一整天。在某些場合下，for含有“預(yù)先安排”或“為了某一目的”之涵義。表示此意味時(shí)，大都和come、go、stay、lend、rent、hire等詞連用。例：I went to Europe

8、for the holidays我到歐洲度假去了。They will stay with us for the New Year他們將和我們在一起，共度新年。We're off for our honeymoon我們要去度蜜月。May I borrow your camera for Christmas？我可否借你的照相機(jī)在圣誕節(jié)時(shí)使用？二七、each，every 這兩個(gè)詞都有“每個(gè)”的意思，詞義相近，但內(nèi)涵和使用場合有所不同。（一）each既可作形容詞，又可作代詞；every只能作形容詞。例：Each participant may try twice（adj）每個(gè)參與者可嘗試兩次。

9、Each of them has done his work（pron）他們各自干了自己的工作。Every member has a share in the profits made by the company（adj）每個(gè)會(huì)員可分享公司的盈利。（二）each表示“各自”的意味，指一個(gè)整體中的個(gè)別人或事物；every表示“每個(gè)”之意，含有“全體”、“全部”之意味，因此，我們可以說：Every boy was there and each did his part每個(gè)男孩都出席并各盡其力。從此例可見，every是從“整體”來看；而each是從“個(gè)別”來看。（三）each用于兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人

10、或事物；every 用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物。例：The pavement on each side is crowded with pedestrians每邊的行人道上擠滿路人。I enjoy every minute of the party聯(lián)歡會(huì)的每一分鐘我都玩得很痛快。（四）在each和every通用的場合里，every的語氣比each重，例如在下句中，用every比較適合，因?yàn)樗恼Z勢較強(qiáng)：Every form of society，every way of thinking has its particular contradiction and particular quality每一種社會(huì)形態(tài)和每一種思想形式，都有它的特殊的矛盾和特殊的性質(zhì)。（五）有時(shí)候，人們?yōu)榱思又卣Z氣，故意把each和every用在一起。例如：The professor wants each and every student to be present before eight o'clock值得注意的是，