試驗九試驗報告_卓越14_彭佳偉

1、C語言程序設(shè)計實驗報告班級卓越工程師班成績指導(dǎo)教師 李開學(xué)號 U201414716同組人姓名專業(yè)計算機科學(xué)與技術(shù)日期2014年1月13日第九次實驗結(jié)構(gòu)與聯(lián)合實驗學(xué)生姓名 彭佳偉實驗組別實驗名稱結(jié)構(gòu)與聯(lián)合實驗一、實驗?zāi)康模?）熟悉和掌握結(jié)構(gòu)的說明和引用、結(jié)構(gòu)的指針、結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)組，以及函數(shù)中使用結(jié)構(gòu)的方 法。（2）掌握動態(tài)存儲分配函數(shù)的用法，掌握自引用結(jié)構(gòu)和單向鏈表的創(chuàng)建、遍歷、結(jié)點的 增刪、查找等操作。（3）了解字段結(jié)構(gòu)和聯(lián)合的用法。二、實驗任務(wù)1表達式求值的程序驗證設(shè)有說明：char u = "UVWXYZ"char v = "xyz"struct Tint

2、兀char c;char *t;a = 11, 'A', u, 100, 'B', v, *p = a;請先自己計算表2.1中表達式的值，然后編寫程序并運行來加以驗證。（各表達式相互無關(guān)）表2.1表達式值的計算序號表達式計算值驗證值1(+p) -> x2p+, p -> c3* p+ -> t, * p -> t4* (+p) -> t5* +p -> t6+ * p -> t2源程序修改、替換下面所給源程序的功能是： 給定一批整數(shù)，以0作為結(jié)束標(biāo)志且不作為結(jié)點， 將其建成一個 先進先出的鏈表。先進先出鏈表的頭指針始終指

3、向最先創(chuàng)建的結(jié)點（鏈頭），先建結(jié)點指向后建結(jié)點，后建結(jié)點始終是尾結(jié)點。請完成以下工作：（1）源程序中存在什么樣的錯誤（先觀察執(zhí)行結(jié)果）？對程序進行修改、調(diào)試。使之能 夠正確完成指定任務(wù)。（2）修改替換creat_list函數(shù)，將其建成一個后進先出的鏈表。后進先出的鏈表的頭指針始終指向最后創(chuàng)建的結(jié)點（鏈頭），后建結(jié)點指向先建結(jié)點，先建結(jié)點始終是尾結(jié)點。 源程序#in clude<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>struct s_list int data;struct s_list *next;void creat_list(struct s_list

4、 *headp, int *p);int main(void)struct s_list *head = NULL, *p;int s = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0; creat_list(head, s); p = head;while(p)printf("%dt", p -> data);p = p -> next;printf("n");return 0;void creat_list(struct s_list *headp, int *p)struct s_list *loc_head = NULL, *t

5、ail;if(p0 = 0)Jelseloc_head = (struct s_list *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_list);loc_head -> data = *p+;tail = loc_head;while(*p)tail -> next = (struct s_list *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_list);tail = tail -> next;tail -> data = *p+;tail -> next = NULL;headp = loc_head;3.程序設(shè)計 編寫并上機調(diào)試運行能實現(xiàn)以下功能的

6、程序或函數(shù)：(1) 編寫一個程序，實現(xiàn)以下功能：定義一個字段結(jié)構(gòu)struct bits ，它將一個 8 位無符號字節(jié)從最低位向最高位聲明為8個字段，各字段依次為bitO, bitl,bit7，且bitO的優(yōu)先級最高。同時設(shè)計8個函數(shù)，第i個函數(shù)以biti （i = 0, 1,7）為參數(shù)，并且在函數(shù)體內(nèi)輸出 biti的值。將8個函數(shù)的名字存入一個函數(shù)指針數(shù)組p_fun。如果bit0為1，調(diào)用p_funO指向的函數(shù)。如果 struct bits中有多位為1,則根據(jù)優(yōu)先級從高到低依次調(diào)用函數(shù)指針數(shù)組 p_fun中相應(yīng)元素指向的函數(shù)。8個函數(shù)中的第0個函數(shù)可以設(shè)計為Void f0（struct bit

7、s b）Printf（ fhe function %d is called!'n ”，b）;（3）設(shè)計用單詞鏈表建立一張班級成績單，包括每個學(xué)生的學(xué)號、姓名、英語、高等數(shù)學(xué)、普通物理、C語言程序設(shè)計四門課程的成績，試用函數(shù)編程實現(xiàn)下列功能： 輸入每個學(xué)生的各項信息。 輸出每個學(xué)生的各項信息。 修改指定學(xué)生的指定數(shù)據(jù)項的內(nèi)容。 統(tǒng)計每個同學(xué)的平均成績（保留兩位小數(shù)）。 輸出各位同學(xué)的學(xué)號、姓名、四門課程的總成績和平均成績。4選做題（1） 對上述程序設(shè)計題中第（2）題的程序，增加按照平均成績進行升序排序的函數(shù)，試寫 出用交換結(jié)點數(shù)據(jù)域的方法升序排序的函數(shù)，排序可用選擇法或冒泡法。（2）對選

8、做題第（1）題，進一步寫出用交換結(jié)點指針域的方法升序排序的函數(shù)。（3） 采用雙向鏈表重做編程設(shè)計題中的第（2）題。三、實驗步驟及結(jié)果1、序號表達式計算值驗證值1(+p) -> x1001002p+, p -> c'B''B'3* p+ -> t, * p -> t X' X'4* (+p) -> t X' X'5* +p -> t V' V'6+ * p -> t V' V'2、（1）錯誤：create_list函數(shù)中傳入的是一級指針，應(yīng)該傳入二級指針。修改

9、后代碼：#in clude<stdio.h>#in clude<stdlib.h> struct s_listint data;struct s_list *n ext;；void creat_list(struct s_list *headp, int *p);int mai n(void)struct s_list *head = NULL, *p;int s = 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0;creat_list(&head, s);p = head;while(p)printf("%dt", p -> dat

10、a);p = p -> n ext;prin tf("n ”);return 0;void creat_list(struct s_list *headp, int *p)struct s_list *loc_head = NULL, *tail;if(pO = 0)5elseloc_head = (struct s_list *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_list);loc_head -> data = *p+;tail = loc_head;while(*p)tail -> next = (struct s_list *)malloc(siz

11、eof(struct s_list);tail = tail -> n ext;tail -> data = *p+;tail -> next = NULL;*headp = loc_head;運行結(jié)果：12345678Program ended with exit code: 0(2 )源代碼：#in clude<stdio.h>#in clude<stdlib.h> struct s_listint data;struct s_list *n ext;；void creat_list(struct s_list *headp, int *p);in

12、t main( void)struct s_list *head = NULL, *p;int s = 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0;creat_list(&head, s);p = head;while(p)printf("%dt", p -> data);p = p -> n ext;prin tf("n ”);return 0;void creat_list(struct s_list *headp, int *p)struct s_list *loc_head = NULL, *temp = NULL;if(pO =

13、 0)elsewhile(*p)loc_head = (struct s_list*)malloc(sizeof(struct s_list);loc_head -> data = *p+;loc_head -> n ext = temp;temp = loc_head;*headp = loc_head;運行結(jié)果：07654321Program Ended with exit cade: 03、( 1)源代碼:#include <stdio.h> struct bitsunsigned char bit0 : 1;unsigned char bit1 : 1;unsi

14、gned char bit2 : 1;unsigned char bit3 : 1;unsigned char bit4 : 1;unsigned char bit5 : 1;unsigned char bit6 : 1;unsigned char bit7 : 1;union wstruct bits a;unsigned char t;m;void f0(unsigned char bit)printf("the function %d is called!n", bit);void f1(unsigned char bit)printf("the funct

15、ion %d is called!n", bit);void f2(unsigned char bit)printf("the function %d is called!n", bit);void f3(unsigned char bit)printf("the function %d is called!n", bit);void f4(unsigned char bit)printf("the function %d is called!n", bit); void f5(unsigned char bit)print

16、f("the function %d is called!n", bit);void f6(unsigned char bit)printf("the function %d is called!n", bit);void f7(unsigned char bit)printf("the function %d is called!n", bit);int main(int argc, char const *argv)unsigned int n;void (*p_fun8)(unsigned char b);printf(&quo

17、t;input n: ");scanf("%d", &n);m.t = n;p_fun0 = f0;p_fun1 = f1;p_fun2 = f2;p_fun3 = f3;p_fun4 = f4;p_fun5 = f5;p_fun6 = f6;p_fun7 = f7;if(m.a.bit0)p_fun0(m.a.bit0);if(m.a.bit1)p_fun1(m.a.bit1);if(m.a.bit2)p_fun2(m.a.bit2);if(m.a.bit3)p_fun3(m.a.bit3);if(m.a.bit4)p_fun4(m.a.bit4);if

18、(m.a.bit5)p_fun5(m.a.bit5);if(m.a.bit6)p_fun 6(m.a.bit6);if(m.a.bit7)P_fun 7(m.a.bit7);return 0;運行結(jié)果: int main(void)input n: 255 the function the function the "furKtion the function the function the function the function the function Prog1 is called!1 is called!1 is called!1 is called!1 is call

19、ed!1 is called!1 is called!1 is called!ram ended with exit code: 03. ( 2)源代碼：#i nclude <stdio.h>#i nclude <stdlib.h>#in clude <stri ng.h>#in clude <ctype.h>typedef struct Stude nt Stude nt;struct Stude ntint nu mber;char n ame10;float en glish;float math;float physics;float c

20、;float average;float sum;Stude nt *n ext;void In put(Stude nt *head);void Output(Stude nt *head);void Cha ngel nfo(Stude nt *head);void Sort(Stude nt *head);Student *head = NULL;int n;int flag = 1;while (flag = 1)printf("Please input the number of options :n"); printf("1 : Input Infor

21、mationt 2 : Change Informationn"); printf("3 : Output Informationt 4 : Sort Informationn"); printf("5 : Quitn");scanf(" %d", &n);switch (n)case 1:Input(&head);break;case 2:ChangeInfo(head);break;case 3:Output(head);break;case 4:Sort(head);break;case 5:flag

22、= 0;break;default:printf("Illegal Input! Please input again."); break;printf("nn");return 0;void Input(Student *head)/ 采用的是后進先出的單向鏈表 char answer = 'y'while (answer = 'y')Student *current = NULL;current = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student);current->next = *head;*h

23、ead = current; printf("nPlease input the student's number : "); scanf(" %d", &current->number);printf("Please input the student's name : "); scanf(" %s", current->name);printf("Please input the score of english: "); scanf(" %f&

24、quot;, &current->english);printf("Please input the score of math : "); scanf(" %f", &current->math);printf("Please input the score of physics : "); scanf(" %f", &current->physics);printf("Please input the score of c : "); scanf(&

25、quot; %f", &current->c);current->sum = current->english + current->math + current->physics + current->c;current->average = current->sum / 4; printf("Do you want to input the infomation of another student? (Y/N) "); scanf(" %c", &answer);answer

26、 = tolower(answer);void Output(Student *head)if (head = NULL)printf("You have not input any information!");elseprintf("nnttThe Infomation Of Studentsn");doprintf("name:%stt", head->name); printf("number:%dtt", head->number); printf("english:%.2ft&qu

27、ot;, head->english); printf("math:%.2ft", head->math); printf("physics:%.2fnn", head->physics); printf("c:%.2ft", head->c);printf("sum:%.2f", head->sum);printf("average:%.2f", head->average);head = head->next; while (head != NULL

28、);void ChangeInfo(Student *head)if (head = NULL)printf("You have not input any information!");elseStudent *current = head;char name10;int flag = 0;int n;printf("Please input the student's name : "); scanf("%s", name);while (current->next != NULL)if (strcmp(name,

29、current->name) != 0)current = current->next;elseflag = 1;printf("Please input the number of options :n");printf("1 : englisht2 : matht 3 : physicst 4 : ct 5 : namet 6 : numbern");scanf("%d", &n);switch (n)case 1: printf("Please input the score of english

30、: "); scanf(" %f", &current->english); break;case 2: printf("Please input the score of math : "); scanf(" %f", &current->math); break;case 3:printf("Please input the score of physics : "); scanf(" %f", &current->physics);bre

31、ak;case 4: printf("Please input the score of c : "); scanf(" %f", &current->c); break;case 5: printf("Please input the student's name : "); scanf(" %s", current->name); break;case 6:printf("Please input the student's number : "); sc

32、anf(" %d", &current->number);default: break;if (n <= 3)+ current->math +current->sum = current->english current->physics + current->c;current->average = current->sum / 4;break;void Sort(Student *head)/ 采用的是冒泡排序/ 交換的是數(shù)據(jù)域，不是指針if (head = NULL)printf("You ha

33、ve not input any information!");elseStudent temp;while (head->next != NULL)Student *current = head; while (current->next != NULL)if (current->average < current->next->average)temp = *current;temp.next = current->next->next; current->next->next = current->next; *

34、current = *current->next;*current->next = temp;current = current->next;head = head->next;運行結(jié)果：Please input the number of options :1 : Input Information2 : Change Information3 : Output Information4 : Sort Information5 : Quit1Please input the student's number : 124Please input the stud

35、ent's name : pjwPlease input the score of english: 54Please input the score of math : 75Please input the score of physics :65Please input the score of c : 45Do you want to input the infomation of another student? (Y/N)yPlease input the student's number :7896Please input the student's nam

36、e :tsrPlease input the score of english:64Please input the score of math :23Please input the score of physics :75Please input the score of c : 34Do you want to input the infomation of another student? (Y/N)yPlease input the student's number : 0706Please input the student's name :lgyPlease in

37、put the score of english: 79Please input the score of math :64Please input the score of physics : 76Please input the score of c : 34Do you want to input the infomation of another student? (Y/N)nPlease input the number of options :1 : Input Information2 : Change Information3 : Output Information4 : Sort Information5 : Quit4Please input the number of options :1 : Input Information2 : Change Information3 : Output Information4 : Sort Information5 : Quit3math:64.00 physics:76.00number:124 english:54.00The