非謂語動(dòng)詞語法講解及練習(xí)

1、【非謂語動(dòng)詞】動(dòng)詞不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：（to） +動(dòng)詞原形.在句中的作用（除謂語動(dòng)詞外的任何成分）構(gòu)成：V.-ing動(dòng)名詞用法（主、賓、表、定） 構(gòu)成：V. -ing / V.-ed （規(guī)則變化）分詞用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）（一）動(dòng)名詞一、動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由動(dòng)詞原形+ing ”構(gòu)成二、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eati ng too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多對(duì)你的健康有害。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語動(dòng)詞賓語I like playing basketball very much. 我非常喜歡打籃球。 Stamps are used for s

2、ending letters.由E票是被用來奇信 的。表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或 經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。介詞賓語表語His hobby is collect ing stamps. =Collect ing stamps is his hobby.多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn) 化成作主語。定語She is in the readi ng room.她在閱覽室。We should improve our teaching methods.我們應(yīng)該改進(jìn) 教學(xué)方法。只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所 屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。我們初中階段常見的有：finish, mi

3、nd, be worth, be busy,practice, have fun, have trouble/problem ( in) , spend. (in) , feel like, be used to (習(xí)慣于)，give up, keep on, consider, suggest, can't help。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（ 繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（ 考慮建議不禁想（ 喜歡思念要介意（finish, practice, be worth, be busy ) keep on, be used to, give up) consider, sugges

4、t, can't help, feel like ) enjoy, miss, mind )（二）動(dòng)詞不定式1、動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的構(gòu)成不定時(shí)的基本形式為：to+動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to,這里的to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是 not+ （to+ ）動(dòng)詞原形。、動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語To speak En glish is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak En glish.講央語對(duì)我們來說不容易。作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語My work is to clea

5、n the room everyday.=To clea n the room every day is my work.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主 語。賓語What sports does he like to play?他喜歡做什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？He likes to play basketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，一般不作介詞的賓 語。賓補(bǔ)My mother made me play the pia no all the time. 我媽媽讓我一直彈鋼琴。在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使役、 感官動(dòng)詞后

6、，不定式省略to。定語Have you got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語rm sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語 一致。1.不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用 it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：lt+be+adj. ( + for/ of sb.) +動(dòng)詞不定式女口： To learn English well is useful. It is use

7、ful to learn English well.It ' important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind , good, nice, clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It's very kind of you to help me. 你幫助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2. 不定式作賓語有些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like, like,

8、 want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evenin g? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？ 在find, think后跟不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式Why not do., Why don't you do., had better ( not) do., would rather do, could/would/will you plea

9、se (not) do.I would rather stay in the room.我寧愿待在房間里。3. 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Lucy asked him to turn dow n the radio. 露西讓他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：My mother en courages me to lear n Japa nese.我媽媽鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這

10、些動(dòng)詞有：一感 (feel)、二聽 (hear, listen to)、三讓 (let, make, have)、四看 (look at, see, watch, notice)。 但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定語 不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。There is nothing to worry about. 沒有什么可擔(dān)心

11、的。5.不定式常和疑問詞 what, which, when, where, how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。如: The teacher is telli ng the stude nts what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He did n't kn ow where to go.他不知道去哪里。例題()1. Tom's mother told himeat ing too much meat.D: stoppedD: to do whetherA: stopp ingB: to stopC: stops()2. We don't kn owit next

12、. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.A: what to doB: to do whatC: whether to do()3. How kind you are! You always do what you canme.A: helpB: helpi ngC: to helpD: helps()4 Drivers should n't be allowedafter drinking, or they will break the law.A: driveB: drivi ngC: to drive()5. Water Park is a good plac

13、eA: to have funB: have funC: havi ng funD: to have a fun()6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxingallows youto your studies with more en ergy.A: returnB: to returnC: returni ng()7. Nick, would you mindthose old jea ns? They look terrible.

14、A: not to wearB: not wearC: weari ng notD: not weari ng()8. a volun teer is great.I think so. Some of us wantvolun teers for the London Olympics.A: Being ； beingB: To be ； being C: Being ； to beD: To be ； to be()9. Don't forgetyour history and politics books tomorrow morning.Than ks. I won't

15、.A: bringB: to bringC: bringing()10. What abouta rest?OK. Let's go out and have a walk.A: to takeB: takesC: tak ing()11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I don't knowit in my small house.You're supposed to put it in the livi ng room.A: where to putB: why to putC: how to put()12. Whil

16、e we were running on the playgro und, Jack sudde nly stoppedand lay on the gro und, sowe all stoppedwhat was wrong with him.A: to run; to seeB: running; see ingC: running; to see()13. May I have a rest? I have already fini shedthe report.A: writeB: writ ingC: to writeD: written()14. I feel a bit hun

17、gry now.Why notfor dinner with us?C: to goD: do you goA: goB: did you go練習(xí)()1. Granny ofte n tells uswater in our daily life.A: saveB: savi ngC: to saveD: saves()2. Richard tur ned off the computer after he had fini shedthe email.A: writeB: to writeC: writi ngD: wrote()3. We can use QQ to chat with

18、each other on the Intern et.Really? Will you please show meit?A: how to useB: what to useC: how can I useD: what can I use()4. Where's your brother now , Bob?I saw himin the street a mome nt ago and I told him.A: playing ; don't do so B: playing ; not to do so C: play; to do so()5. As tee na

19、gers, we're old eno ughwith housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishesand clea n our own rooms.A: to helpB: helpi ngC: helped()6. Nancy is really a hard-work ing stude nt. We ofte n see herbooks in the classroom.A: readB: to readC: reads()7 Mrs. Smith made her stude ntsthe compositi o

20、ns three times a week.A: writeB: to writeC: writtenD: writi ng()8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cryB: to cry; cryC:cry; cryD: to cry; to cry()9. You'd bettertoo much time play ing computer games.A: don't spe ndB: not to spe ndC: to not spe nd

21、D:not spend()10. More and more young people are trying to do someth ingthe old.A: servedB: to serveC: serveD: serves()11. Why n otan En glish club to practiceEn glish?A. to join; to speakB. jo in; speak ing C. jo in; to speakD. to join; speak ing()12. When we came to the gate, he stoppedme go in fir

22、st.A. to letB. to tellC. to allowD. to ask()13. She saw some boyssoccer on the playgro und whe n she was on the way to the classroom.A. playedB. to playC. play ing()14. How about going shopp ing this weeke nd, Peter?Sorry, I preferrather tha n.A. to stay at home; go outB. to go out; stay at homeC. s

23、tay ing at home; go outD. Going out; stay at home()15. It's a good habitevery day.A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much no ise D. to too much()16. It's hot. Would you mind mythe win dow. Do it as you like, please!A. to ope n; OKB. ope ning; Certa inly notC. clos ing; O

24、f courseD. Open; Good idea()17. Who do you think you'd likewith you, a boy or a girl?A. to let to goB. lett ing to goC. to let goD. let go()18. The house was so dirty. They decidedA. clea n it upB. to clea n it upC. clea n up itD. clea ning up()19. I heard some onethe door andA. ope n; come inB.

25、 to ope n; to come inC. ope n; come intoD.to ope n; to come into()20. The girl was heardthe pia no in the next room.A. playsB. to playC. playedD. playI. 選擇填空。()1. It is not easymaths.A. learns B. learn C. to learn D. learned()2. It is very niceyou tome about it.A. for , tell B. of , say C. to , spea

26、k D. of , tell ()3. It ' s too late. It ' s impossiblere by nine.A. of him to get B. for him to get C. him to get D. for him gett ing ()4. Joh n knowsa computer.A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to using()5. Our teacher told us.A. careful B. be careful C. to be careful D. to be car

27、efully()6. He asked meleave him alone here.A. don ' t B. not to C. notD. doesn ' t()7.1 have a lot of thingsthis weeke nd. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do()8. There is a chair. A. to sit B. sitti ng on C. to sit on D. sit in()9. The questi on is easy.A. answering B. answer C. to answer D. ans

28、wered ()10. My brother is not strong eno ughthe big tree.A. carries B. carried C. to carry D. going()11. He is too youngto school .A. to go B. not to go C. to saying D. didn ' t say()12. We made a firewarm ourselves up.A. in order B. to C. so as D. so that()13. My wish isa doctor. A. be B. to be

29、 C. being D. been()14. Come on! Pleaserun!A. get ready for B. got ready for C. get ready to D. got ready to()15. Our teacher let usthe compositi on every other line.A. writeB. to writeC. writi ng D. writte n()16. You had betterhere to help us.A. stay B. stayingC. to stay D. stayed()17. I have fini s

30、hedthe no vel .A. read B. to read C. read ing D. being read()18.on the moon is not easy.A. Walk B. Walked C. Doi ng walk ing D. Walki ng()19. Please rememberyour book n ext week.A. to bring B. bringing C. brought D. bring()20. I rememberyou somewhere before.A. to see B. seeing C. seen D. saw()21. Th

31、e film is worth.A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to seeing()22. The boy sat over there withouta word.A. sayB. say ingC. said D. to say()23. I saw himon the playgro und whe n I en tered the school.A. running B. ran C. to run D. runing()24. He sat at the table,a new magaz ine.A. to read B. read C. reads

32、D. readi ng()25. He had his bike.A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair()26. He stood up to make himself.A. see B. seen C. seeing D. sawII. 完成下列句子，使意思相同，一空一詞。1. She is so old that she can'Stiworkoo old .2. The police said to the thief,“ Put up your han ds!”The police told the thief up h

33、is han ds.3. I don ' t know how I can get to the station.I don 'krtow get to the station.4. He said he would tidy the room.He said he would have the room.5. I ' m so strong that I can carry the heavy tree.I ' m strongcarry the heavy tree.6. Tom went to Paris for his holidays.Tom went

34、 to Parishis holidays.7. Mac hopes he can visit China one day.He hopesChina one day.8. Do you say any thi ng for yourself?Do you have anything for yourself?9. This boy is a stude nt. His n ame is Jack.The boy is a student.10. Tom ' s mother saw that he was sitting on some eggs.Tom s mother sawon

35、 some eggs.11. I helped her with her En glish.I helped her English.(A) 用括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空I. We are so glad(hear) the n ews.2.1 saw him(cross) the road safely and(run) away.3. You can ' t make him(do) what you want.4.1 don ' t know where(meet) him.5. What makes you(think) I ' m a farmer?6. Did

36、 you see him(go) upstairs?7.It is better(put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy(swim) across the river.9.1 let him(go) early as he wan ted(meet) his uncle at the stati on.1O.Will you help me(move) the bed?II. If he doesn' t know, how(use) the recorder, you' d better(show) hi

37、m.12. He is the last one(leave) the office every day.13.It ' s bad manners(shout) in public.14.The boy is old eno ugh(dress) himself.15.She is too ill(go) to school.(B) 填入動(dòng)名詞的適當(dāng)形式.I. Ca n you imag ine yourself in a Ion ely isla nd? (stay)2.1 can't un dersta nd your at that poor child.(laugh)

38、3.She did n't mi nd overtime.(work)4. To make a livi ng, he tried,and various other thin gs,but he had failed in all .(write; paint)5. We are look ing forward to Mary's . (come).6.She was praised forthe life of the child.(save)7.She ought to be praised in stead of(criticize).8.Is there any p

39、ossibility of our the champi on ship?(w in)9. He came to the party without(in vite)10. Don ' t keep me(wait) for a long time.II. Knives are used for(cut) thin gs.12. Can you finish(read) the book in three days?13. The doctor was busy(operate) on the boy at that time.14. Stop(talk) and liste n to

40、 me carefully.15. Thank you very much for(help) us.16. Granny i s very ill and she doesn' t feel like(eat) anything.17. The girl enjoys(liste n) to light music.18. Do you remember(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13 th birthday?19. We couldn ' t help(laugh) after we heardfthreny story.20. Wha

41、t about(go) out for a walk?n.用不定式完成下列句子1.Have you decided （怎樣度假）2t is dangerous （玩火）3.She was the first woman （環(huán)球飛行的）4. The boy was made （重復(fù)他自己的故事）5. The old lady looked at the children （穿過馬路）6.It took me much time （算出這些難題）yesterday.7. The boss made the workers （一天工作十小時(shí)）8.1 don ' t know 會(huì)上說什么）9.

42、 Can you tell me （在哪里能買到這本書）？10. （在何時(shí)何地召開這會(huì)議）hasn ' t been dded yet.川根據(jù)句意改寫句子1. The old man is so old that he can' t work.The old man is too old .2. I don ' t know how I can get to the TV factory.I don ' t kno to the TV factory.3. Mr. Gree n went back to En gla nd for a holiday.Mr. G

43、reen went back to England a holiday.4. Mike hopes he can visit the Great Wall on day.Mike hopes the Great Wall one day.5. Does he say any thi ng for himself at the meeti ng?Does he have anything for himself at the meeting?6. He is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.He is strong the heavy box.

44、7. He spe nt two hours doing the work.It him two hours the work.8. It ' s time for school.It ' s time school.9. It seems that she is an En glish teacher.She an English teacher.10. His father said to him,“ listen to the teacher carefully.His father told him the teacher carefully.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（一）1. Im

45、thirsty. Will you get me someth ing?A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eati ng2. It was great funa pic nic on the hill.A. to haveB. of hav ingC. have D. had3. It's bad for your eyescomputer games for a long time.A. plays B. to play C. play D. played4. -Do you ofte n hear Joh nin his room?-Yes. Liste

46、 n! Now we can hear himin his room.A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing5. Why not?A. let him to go home B. to let him go homeC. let him go homeD. to let him to go home6. They were madefourtee n hours a day.A. work B. worki ngC. worked D. to work7.1s it always eas

47、ierfriends tha n to keep them?A. maki ng B. make C. to make D. made8. ItJack twenty minu testhe math problem yesterday.A. took; to work out B. takes; worked outC. has take n; work out D. is tak ing; work ing out9. Whe n you leave, dontforgetoff the light.A. to turn B. turni ng C. turn D. turned10. W

48、ho do you thi nk you'd like?A. to make frie nds B. make friendsC. to make frie nds with D. make frie nds with11. Although Jeff loves KFC, he triesit too often.A. to eat B. not eat C. to not eat D. not to eat12. -Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimmi ng this Su nday?-This Sun day? I am sorry, I have a lo

49、t of homeworkthis Sun day.A. to do B. done C. do D. to be done13. Sally had no penyesterday morni ng.A. to write B. to write with C. writ ingD. writ ing with14. Joh n asked David howChristmas.A. celebrat ing B. to celebrate C. to be celebrated D. celebrate15. We all con sidered Mr Zhaoteacher.A. be

50、the best B. to be the best C. being best D. being the best16. It' very kindyou tomethe heavy bag.A. for; tell; to take B. of; tha nk; for C. to; speak; to have D. of; help; carry17. Have you decided?A. to go with whom B. whom to go withC. whom go with D. with whom to go18. Her hopea gold medal i

51、n the 2008 Olympic Games.A. to win B. is to win C. wi nning D. will win19. The meeti ng room is big eno ughone hun dred people.A. holdi ng B. hold C. to hold D. holds20. Would you please pass me the knife?A. to cut the watermelo n withB. to cut the watermelo nC. cutt ing the watermelo nD. cutt ing t

52、he watermelo n with21. It is better to teach a man to fish tha nhim fish.A. givi ng B. to give C. gives D. gave22. The policema n warned the young manafter drinking.A. n ever to driveB. to n ever driveC. n ever driv ingD. n ever drive23. What do you think is the best waythe wild ani mals?A. protecti

53、 ng B. to protect C. protected D. protect24. I 'ratheron the landin a factory.A. work; tha n workB. work; workC. to work; tha n to work D. to work; to work25. My gran dfather is useda hat in win ter.A. to wear B. for weari ngC. weari ngD. to weari ng26. I m sorryyou eno ugh help.A. have give n B

54、. of not givingC. not to have give n D. to have give n27. Some stude nts from Grade 9do somefor the old.A. volun teered to; clea nB. volun teered; clea ningC. volun teered to; clea ning D. volun teered; clea n28. The young man was ofte n see nby the lake.A. to drawB. to draw ing C. drawD. drew29. To

55、m isto make a livi ng by himself.A. very old B. too young C. too bigD. too strong30. I findhim all about it.A. n ecessary to tellB. that n ecessary toC. n ecessary it to tell D. it n ecessary to tell31. The old man seemsin a great hurry.A. be B. to be C. being D. to being32. Ithe same n eighborhood

56、with the lovely girl.A. happe ned liv ing inB. happe ned to live inC. was happe ning liv ing in D. was happe ning to live33. It ' time for supper now. Let ' it.A. stop to have B. stop having C. to stop to have D. to stop having34. You are not expectedsuch long hours.A. to work B. worki ngC. worked D. work35. His father agreed$ 4,0