動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)9年級適用匯總

1、13初中英語動詞驗一、考點直擊1. 動詞的八種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法;2. 動詞被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；3. 非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成及用法；4. 近義動詞的用法區(qū)別。、動詞的時態(tài)及用法英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài)，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。一、一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法姿1）經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every ,sometimes, at ,on Sun day典型例題I leave home for school at 7 every morning.惟2）客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。

2、典型例題 The earth moves around the sun.Shan ghai lies in the east of China.®3）表示格言或警句中。典型例題P ride goes before a fall.般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus Proved that the earth is round.®4）現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。典型例題I don't want so much.5) 某些動詞女 0 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在典

3、型例題一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。The train comes at 3 o'clock.典型例題6）在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 ril help you as soon as you have p roblem.Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.W二、一般過去時的用法表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句，如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等，上下文

4、清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。I worked in that factory last year.®【注意】1）過去經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作，也可用 used to或 would加動詞原形來表達。典型例題I used to go fish ing on Sun days.2）“ used也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。典型例題This river used to be clea n.取三、一般將來時的用法1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。典型例題I shall atte nd the meet ing tomorrow. 2）表示將來反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。典型例題He will go to s

5、ee his mother every Saturdays.巒 3）表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾, 第一人稱時，常用 shall。命令等時常用will，征求對方意見，主語是典型例題 I will do my best to catch up with them.Shall I open the door?巒4） be + going +動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型，表示打算，計劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈隆５湫屠}I am going to Beiji ng n ext week.5） be +動詞不定式。表示有職責，義務，可能，約定，意圖等。典型例題There is to be a meet i

6、ng this after noon.We are to meet the guests at the stati on.典型例題6） be about +動詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。They are about to leave.®三現(xiàn)在進行時的用法它注重現(xiàn)在筋1）現(xiàn)在進行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進行的動作,正在進行的動作，而不管動作從什么時間開始，到什么時間結(jié)束。典型例題IWhat are you doing now? I am look ing for my key.2）現(xiàn)在進行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作（但說話時這個動作不一定在進行）。典型例題The

7、 stude nts are preparing for the exam in ati on.翌3）某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作，這些動詞有arrive, come,leave, start 等。典型例題iThey are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. 表示狀態(tài)的動詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動詞，如：be, have 表示認識、知覺和情感的動詞，如：know, thi nk, hear, find, see, like, want, wish,prefer 等。取四、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。典型例題'll ha

8、ve bought a ten-speed bicycle.They have clea ned the classroom.2）現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀 態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時常與for和since引導的短語或從句連用。典型例題We have lived here since 1976.They have waited for more tha n two hours.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較：典型例題1 saw

9、this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了?；蛭?、過去進行時的用法表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。典型例題I was watch ing TV whe n she came to see me.過去進行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實。不知）典型例題They were buildi ng a house last mon th.（上個月正在建造，建造好與否They

10、 built a new house last mon th.（上個月建造好了，動作已經(jīng)完成）過去將來時較多地被look after, think of, take care“ to的情況to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加"to"。feel, hear, help, liste n to, look at, make, observe, see, no tice,取六、過去完成時的用法過去完成時常過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài), 和by , before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。典型例題_ _ ' W/e had alrea

11、dy learned two thousand words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the stati on, they had waited for more tha n twenty minu tes.取七、過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài), 運用在賓語從句中。典型例題They were going to have a meeti ng.I told him that I would see him off at the stati on.-ST三、動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語

12、態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。2被動語態(tài)1）被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：be +及物動詞過去分詞2）被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞因為被動句中的主語是動作的承受者，某些短語動詞如of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動語態(tài)。The childre n were take n good care of by her.®【注意】 短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可遺漏。3）主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加若賓語補足語是不帶 此類動詞為感官動詞，女口：watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of t

13、he classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.4）主動形式表示被動意義如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell 等動詞雖然用做主動形 式卻表示被動的意義。例如：The food tastes good.對非謂語動詞的考點是：感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法；一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶 to;有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語，但表

14、達的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。（1）非謂語動詞的形式非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補足語Father will not allow us to p lay on the street.（3）不定式作目的狀語He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補足語都可以的動詞這樣的動詞有感官動詞如：see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等，使役動詞如：have, make,leave

15、, keep, get等。接不定式表示動作的完整性，真實性；+doing表示動作的連續(xù)性，進行性。I saw him work in the garde n yesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。（強調(diào)"我看見了 ”這個事實）I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強調(diào)”我見他正干活”這個動作） 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況使役動詞如：let, have, make 等和感官動詞如：see, watch, hear, liste n to, smell, feel, find等后作賓補，省略to。在被動

16、語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。（6）接動名詞與不定式意義不同1) sto P to dostop doing2) forget to doforget doing停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 停止做某事。（未做）（已做）（未做）（已做）忘記要去做某事。 忘記做過某事。努力，企圖做某事。試驗，試著做某事。做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。打算、想意味著3) remember to do記得去做某事 remember doing 記得做過某事4) try to dotry doing5) go on to dogo on doing6) mean to domea n doing五、容

17、易混淆的常用動詞的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell 的用法。1) say表示講話，作為及物動詞使用，后跟賓語或賓語從句。He said he would go there.It's time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2) speak表示講話” 一般作為不及物動詞使用，而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種 語言作為賓語。Do you sp eak En glish?May I sp eak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示 談話”是不及物動詞，與to , about, with等連用，才可以

18、接賓語。What are you talk ing about?Mr Jacks on is talk ing with my father in the office now.4) tell表示告訴，講述”是及物動詞，可以帶雙賓語或復合賓語。She told us an in teresti ng story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an En glish exam the n ext mon th.(2) look, see, watch 和 watch 的用法。1) look強調(diào) 看”這個動作，是不及物動詞，常與at

19、連用，然后接賓語。Look! The girl is swimmi ng in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find someth ing unu sual?2) see指 看見”某物，強調(diào)的是結(jié)果。They can't see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily ofte n go to see a film on Sun day?3) watch指的是 觀看” 注視”之意。The twins are watch ing TV now.He will go to watch a

20、 volleyball match.4) read指 看書”、看報” 閱讀”之意。Don't read in the sun.I like to read n ews papers whe n I am free. borrow, lend 和 keep 的區(qū)別。1) borrow意思為借入”常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示瞬間即能完成的 動作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I borrow your dict ion ary?2) lend是借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow 一樣，是非延續(xù)性

21、動詞，只表示 瞬間即能完成的動作。Un cle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio, p lease?3) keep是 保存”的意思，動作可以延續(xù)。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和 get 的用法。1) bring意思為 拿來”、帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處帶來”。Bring me the book, please.May I bring Jim to

22、see you next Saturday?2) take意思是 拿走”，帶走”，把某物或某人從這里帶來”或 拿到”某處之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3) carry 是 “帶著、搬運、攜帶 ”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的 含義，不表明來去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4) get 是去某處將某物拿回來。Please

23、 go to my office to get some chalk.There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5) wear, put on 和 dress 的區(qū)別1) wear 是“穿著 ”戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首 飾等，強調(diào) “穿著 ”的狀態(tài)。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.She doesn't like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2)

24、put on 是“穿上”戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動 作。It's cold. You'd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3）dress可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞，有 穿著”打扮”的意思。作 穿著”解時，只 用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人，不 是衣服。dress sb.（給某人穿衣服），而wear作穿著”用時，也是及物動詞，但它的 賓語是物，不是人，即 wear sth.（穿著衣物）。She always d

25、resses well.Get up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6) take, spend 和 use 的用法。1) take 指做某事用多少時間，句型是： It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to

26、Shanghai.2) spend 指某人在某事(物)上花費時間或錢。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didn't spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time (in) correcting students' exercises.Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.3) use 表示使用

27、工具、手段等。Do you know how to use the computer?Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和 arrive 的區(qū)別。1) reach是及物動詞，后面要直接跟表示地點的名詞作賓語。After the train had left, they reached the stati onWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2) get是不及動詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點的副詞時，不用 get to常用于口語中。When the stude nts got to the c

28、in ema, the film had begu n.My sister was cook ing whe n mother got home.3) arrive是不及物動詞，表示到達一個小地方時，用arrive in。to.arrive at,到達一個大地方時用The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreig ners will arrive in Shan ghai tomorrow.一.單項填空1. Liste n! Some of the girlsA. are talki ngB. talkC. will talkD. talked

29、2. Our teacher, Miss Che n,A. teachesC. will teachabout Harry Potter. Let's join them.3. I don t think IEn glish on the radio the day bore yesterday.B. taughtD. had taught you in that dress before.A. have see nB. was see ingC. sawD. see4. Susan parents have bought a large house with a swimming p

30、ool. It expen sive.A. must B. can C. mustn D. can t5. Coffee is ready. How nice it! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels6. “ Mr. Zhu, you ' d bettertom ©aucYou are already over weight,A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat7. “ Don t always make Michaelthis or that. H

31、e is already a big boy, dear,said to his wife.A. do B. to do C. does D. did8. Sorry, I can t hear you clearly. Will you pl easewrite it dow n.A. review B. recite C. report D. rep eat9. Don tyour coat, Tom! ItA. take away B. take off C. take dow n10. Yougo and ask Meimei. She _d betteryoumail address

32、? I's easy to catch cold in spring.D. take outknow the an swer.beIIverysaid the doctor.” MrA. must; can B. must; may C. n eed; can D. can; may二. 閱讀短文，并用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。My name is Wang Bi ng. I ' m from Chi na. Now I1(study)at this school. I2 (arrive) here on January 8. Since then, I 3(make) a

33、 lot offrien ds. At school we sp eak En glish all the time. Next week, some new stude nts from Africa, Asiaand Latin America4(come) to our school. I' mrvawtlgsatteoause I enjoy5(meet) people from other coun tries.(ride) the waves.三. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空1. No matter what the weather is like, you can alwa

34、ys find surfers out2. -What do you use the key for?-It is(use) for making the robot work.3. No news(be) good news. I' m sure Jane is still all right.4. -Are you feeli ng better these days?-Yes, much better. Ias well as these days for a long time.5. It(rain) heavily, you ' d better not go out now.四.用方框中所給的動詞或動詞詞組的適當形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通順，每個動詞 或動詞詞組只能用一次Allow, fall, n