Unit 12：翻譯的視角轉(zhuǎn)換

1、 Textbook in use: CompiledClass focus:( refer to syllabus) perspectives of translation; idiom translation; avoiding “translationese”; title translation (if possible); genres and translation TEM-8 E-C translation attendance + participation(20%) assignments(20%) Oral report (10%) final exam(50%)Ps: Ho

2、w can we reach each other Course mailbox: Password:123456love My personal email: My mobile言特點的差異 （見Unit 4）文化差異文化差異的四種情況：完全一致、部分一致、文化沖突和文化空缺。 完全一致： “Strike while the iron is hot” “趁熱打鐵” 部分一致: “to get a goose egg” “考了個鴨蛋” 文化空缺 : “班門弄斧” “to show off ones proficiency with the axe before Lun

3、 Ban” “to teach a fish how to swim” 文化沖突：discuss “請問您貴姓？” 不能翻譯成“May I ask your noble surname please?” “鄙人姓張”。 此話不能翻譯成 “My humble name or surname is Zhang.” “免貴姓”的“免貴”二字必須省去不譯。 Discuss： Let Joe please himself. The lack of furniture had accentuated the feeling of space. Most things are difficult befor

4、e they are easy. 英文思維：大多數(shù)事情在容易之前是難的。 漢語思維：萬事開頭難。 I have no opinion of him. 英文思維：我對他沒有意見。 漢語思維：他給我的印象太壞；我對他的印象太壞。 I have her ears. 英文思維：我有她的耳朵。 漢語思維：她聽我的話。 Are you a father? 英文思維：你是父親嗎？ 漢語思維： Thats all I want to hear. 英文思維：這是我想聽到的全部。 漢語思維： The monk is only not a dead man. 英文思維：這和尚只是一個還沒死的人。 漢語思維： 漢語說

5、“跪下”，英語說“fall on ones knees” 漢語說“生前”，英語說“before one died” 漢語說“睡懶覺”，英語說“sleep late” 漢語說“救命啊！來人哪！”，英語說“Help! Help!” 漢語說“抓小偷！”，英語說“Stop thief!” 漢語說“禁止通行”，英語說“No Thoroughfare”（沒有通道） 漢語說“未經(jīng)允許任何車輛不得入內(nèi)”，英語說“Authorized Cars Only”（只有獲得許可的車輛方可進(jìn)入） 漢語說“顧客止步”，英語說“Employees Only” 漢語說“油漆未干”，英語說“Wet Paint” 漢語常在無人售票

6、車寫明“恕不找零”，英語說“Please Tender Exact Fare” 漢語說“他的工作很忙”，英語說“He is busy”（不能說“His work is busy.”） 漢語說“她的身體看上去很健康”，英語說“He looks very healthy”（不能說“His body looks very healthy.”） 漢語說“這棟樓質(zhì)量不好”，英語說“This building is of poor quality.”（不能說“The quality of this building is very poor.”） （similar examples） 漢語說“大雪”，英語

7、說“heavy snow”，不是“big snow”。 漢語說“紅茶”，英語說“black tea”，不是“red tea”。 漢語說“紅糖”，英語說“brown sugar”，不是“red sugar” 漢語說“濃茶”，英語說“strong tea”，不是“thick tea” 漢語說“濃墨”，英語說“thick/dark ink”，不是“strong ink” 漢語說“濃煙”，英語說“heavy / dense smoke”，不是“strong smoke” 漢語說“紅眼病”，英語說“green-eyed”，不是“red-eyed”。 漢語說“哭窮”，英語說“poor-mouth”，不是“

8、pretend to be poor” 漢語說“大風(fēng)”，英語說“strong wind; gale”，不是“big wind” 漢語說“大雨”，英語說“heavy rain; downpour”，不是“big rain” 漢語說“闖紅燈”，英語說“run a red light”，不是“go through a red light” 漢語說“不論晴天還是下雨”，英語說“rain or shine”，不是“shine or rain” 漢語說“黃金時間”，英語說“prime time”，不是“golden time” 餐具 - tableware 保暖杯 - vacuum flask 汗衫 -T

9、-shirt 秒表- stopwatch 隱形眼鏡-contact lens 太平門- emergency exit 候機(jī)室- departure lounge 雞皮疙瘩 gooseflesh 酒糟鼻 rose drop 腳踏兩條船 fence-sitter 魚尾紋 crows feet 內(nèi)八字 pigeon-toed 穿一條褲子 hand in glove with 拍馬屁 lick someones boot 露馬腳 let the cat out of the bag 英語常常用非人稱名詞做主語，即用表示事物或事情的名詞做主語，也就是無靈主語，而漢語多用人做主語，即有靈主語，這也是視角變

10、化的一個方面。例如： 1980 found him working in a small company. 1980時，他在一家小公司上班。 I remembered his face when I ran into him, but his name escaped me. 我與他打了個照面，覺得他很熟，可我一時想不起他的名字。 A ten minutes walk brought us to the museum. 我們步行了十分鐘就到了博物館。 A painful hush seized the crowd. 人群突然沉沒下來，陷入痛苦之中。 1. Astonishment depriv

11、ed me of my power of speech. 2. His courage suddenly deserted him. 3. Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 4. Excavation reveals many of the houses were also used as shrine rooms. 5. Failure did not deter him from trying again.6. This medicine will make you feel better. 7. An instantane

12、ous and strong impulse moved him to battle with his desperate fate.8. An urgent message sent me hurrying to Shanghai. 9. The following year saw the passing away of his sister. 10. The first few lines captured my interest. 11. The sight of the Chinese shore brought immense relief to the weary voyager

13、s. 12. The sight of the medical instrument would send shivers down the column of any healthy visitor. Many black people were denied the opportunity of a good education. 許多黑人沒有獲得機(jī)會享受良好的教育。 The doctor told him to avoid coffee. 醫(yī)生讓他別喝咖啡。 He has quit his job as a teacher. 他已經(jīng)不當(dāng)老師了。 The criminal is still

14、 at large. 罪犯還未捉拿歸案。 1. We expected you to be older. 2. Its been five years since we met. 3. He is a nuisance. I want to see the back of him. 4. A lot of businesses are blind to the damage they have done to the environment in their development. 5. You ought to know better than to do that sort of thi

15、ng. 6. Absence of honesty on the Israeli part has resulted in repeated failures of the Middle East peace process. 7. He is anything but clever.8. You will have to do better than that.9. He preferred to keep us in the dark about his plan. 10. He was reluctant to accept charity. 11. Some species have

16、been wiped out through ignorance. 12. Ignorance is a rare blessing. 13. He studied history at the university to the exclusion of other subjects. 鋼鐵iron and steel 東北northeast 血肉flesh and blood 暈飛機(jī)air sick 前后back and forth 勞動模范model worker 遲早sooner or later 田徑track and field 華東East China 水陸land and wa

17、ter 水火無情Fire and water have no mercy. 當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)president elect 脾氣不好ill-tempered 行為端正的well-conducted 心不在焉absent-minded 裝備不良的poorly equipped 貧富rich and poor 新舊old and new 長短short and long 細(xì)長long and thin 男嬰baby boy 女嬰baby girl 冷熱hot and cool 左右right and left 軟硬hard and soft 輕重heavy and light 增損loss and gai

18、n 飲食food and drink 死活life and death 江河湖泊lakes and rivers 山水waters and mountains 中小型small and medium 文藝art and literature 此時此地here and now 文武military and civilian 工農(nóng)業(yè)agriculture and industry 年月month and year 水土流失soil erosion and water loss 敵我ourselves and the enemy 物理化學(xué)chemistry and physics 新郎新娘the bride and the bridegroom 喜怒哀樂anger, grief, joy and happiness 衣、食、住、行food, clothing, shelter and transportation Main functions:a. to express objectiveness. b. to show politeness c. to show a formal style How to trans