高考總復(fù)習(xí)代詞講解

1、代詞的用法代詞在近幾年高考試題中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率為100%，每年至少測試一道題。測試代詞常用對話形式，構(gòu)成特定語境，考查考生靈活運(yùn)用代詞的能力。代詞指代的范圍、作主語時(shí)主謂一致的用法、易混不定代詞的細(xì)微差別都是高考的必考點(diǎn)。其中不定代詞one，the one，ones與that，those，it的用法區(qū)別。代詞的概念： 代詞是指代替名詞以及起名詞作用的詞、短語或句子的詞。主要分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞。代詞的分類：分類人稱數(shù)量人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself第二人稱單數(shù)youyouy

2、ouryoursyourself第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1 人稱代詞 分清主格和賓格形式,主格主要用作主語，賓格主要賓語和表語。 I bought a present for him. Who is it? It's me2 物主代詞：名詞性物主代詞在句中做主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成雙重所有格：a

3、 friend of mine 。形容詞性物主代詞只能起定語作用。通常：形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞例如：This isnt my shirt; mine is over there.注意：分清主格賓格，主語用主格，賓格主要賓語和表語形容詞物主代詞時(shí)候+名詞 The panda is its top(attract).形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞Is it his coat? No, it is mine. 練習(xí)：1.Shall _(we) go to the zoo by bus or by bike?2.Bob loves _(he) mother very much.

4、 3.Who bought it for _(she)? 4. Jim is a very good boy. We all like _(he). 5._(we) new model plane can fly very high. 6.I have a lovely cat, _ (it) name is Carl. 7.This is _ (he) bike. 8.She doesnt like _(she) new dress at all. 9.Is this red coat yours? No, _ is yellow.10. 物主代詞構(gòu)成的短語 lose ones way do

5、 one's best earn ones living keep one's word hold ones breath save one's life make up ones mind in one's opinion三反身代詞: 反身代詞通常作賓語、表語和同位語。a. 作賓語：We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.b. 作表語； be ,系動(dòng)詞 feel, look,seem之后I am not myself today.The poor g

6、irl in the picture is myselfc.作同位語 The thing itself is not important. I myself can do it well. *反身代詞習(xí)慣用語。 teach oneself自學(xué)enjoy oneself玩得高興； seat oneself請坐 dress oneself自己穿上衣服；help yourself to自取，隨便吃一點(diǎn)； talk to oneself自言自語； call oneslef 自稱 make oneself understood使自己讓別人理解；四相互代詞:有each other和one another兩

7、組。each other用于兩個(gè)人或是物之間，譯為“互相，彼此”；one another用于三個(gè)或是三個(gè)以上的人或物之間。You two should help each other with their study. We respect one another.We often point out each others mistakes.五指示代詞:this, that, these, those，the same(同樣的), such（這樣的）, so（這樣）.1this(these)近指; this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物（將要發(fā)生）e.g. This is a nove

8、l and that is a magazineThis gift is for you and that one is for your brother.I like theses books but I dont like those(books).What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing2而that (those)遠(yuǎn)指，而that(those)常指剛提到或是已經(jīng)完成的事情。e.g. He didn't comeThat is why he didn't knowThats all, thank you!3. su

9、ch 指前面所述提到的這樣的人或事物，so 代替一個(gè)句子或者短語所表達(dá)的事情，the same 指剛剛提到的同一個(gè)人或事物I have never seen such a funny filmAs far as I know, there is no such car in this place.It is going to rain tonight. I hope so./ I hope not.I am the same age as you.Happy new year! The same to you. 3. one, ones, the one, the ones, that, th

10、ose, itOne a/an+單數(shù)名詞Ones 復(fù)數(shù)名詞The one The+單數(shù)名詞The ones The +復(fù)數(shù)名詞That The+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞（尤其是有后置定語）those The+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（尤其是有后置定語）It 指代前面提到同一個(gè)事物My pen is lost. Imust look for it.My pen is lost. I must buy one.I prefer red roses to white ones.The boy in this class are cleverer that the ones/those in that class.The

11、 population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population）The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.練習(xí)：1. I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for _.2. I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy _.3. The umbrella you bought is cheaper than _I

12、 bought. 4. The water in the cup is hotter than _in the pot.5. There were a few young people and some older _ in the house.6. Mary's handwriting is far better than_ of Peter.8.I found _hard to get on with her.9.He has saved my life. I'll never forget _. 10. Dont take the notebook away. My wi

13、fe is using . 11. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city.12. Weve been looking at houses but havent found we like yet. 13.Many will fail to find jobs or lose the they have. 總結(jié)：that可以指代可數(shù)單數(shù)或特指不可數(shù)名詞，相當(dāng)于“the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞”； those只能代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（=those ones或the one

14、s）；one 用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（泛指），相當(dāng)于“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”; it指前面所指的同一物ones用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（泛指）；the one用來代替前面出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（特指），有時(shí)可用that來代替； the ones用來代替前面可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，有時(shí)可以用those來代替（特指）； Why don't we take a little break?  Didn't we just have _?Ait      Bthat  Cone  

15、   Dthis    The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move inAthey   Bit    Cone     Dwhich    六不定代詞：不明確指代某個(gè)（些）人或事物的代詞。1、both，either，neither 都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語、賓語、定語 ，both可用作同位語。both 意為&

16、quot;兩者都"，either 表"兩者中任一個(gè)"，neither表"兩者都不"?！?017全國卷】改錯(cuò)：Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范圍，any 表任何一個(gè)、一些(不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)概念，用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中)；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一個(gè)都不；表示不可數(shù)物中的一點(diǎn)兒也沒有；all 整個(gè)的；所有的(三者或三者以上)；所有的(不可數(shù))。E.g. This book is a good seller，so you can buy

17、it at any shop in Beijing None of us are/is perfect All of the village was floodedsome用于肯定句或由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的某種請求或是意愿的疑問句。There is some water here. Would you like to drink some milk?練習(xí)：1.To reach an agreement, sides must make concession.2. If you run after two hares, you will catch.3. You can write on side.4

18、. He wants to invite of his friends to his birthday party. 5. There are many doors. A golden key can opendoor. 6.of us could live without air. 7.There are tress on sides.8. Mr. and Mrs. Li are teachers.9.You can sit at end of the boat if you can keep still.10.The research group produced two reports

19、bases on the survey, but contained any useful suggestions.11.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have a lot of work to do.12. All the boy are clever, but of them can work out the problem.13.I have my jackets, you can take .14. _ of the twins are i

20、n our class.15. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.16. We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.歸納總結(jié)：都都不任一兩者_(dá) _ _多者_(dá) _ _部分否定： All both everyone everybody everything 以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定；No one, none, nobody, nothing 以及no +名詞表示全部否定當(dāng)not 出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代

21、詞的句子中，不管not 位置在哪里都表示部分否定Not all of them smoke.They are not both teachers.All the boys dont like English.Such a thing cant be found everywhere. 3、no one，nobody，none，nothing：no one，nobody表沒有人，nothing 指沒有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。None 著眼于數(shù)量概念?！碧刂傅娜嘶蛭镆粋€(gè)也沒有，一點(diǎn)兒也沒有”。How many people are there in the hall? / Is

22、there any water in it?NoneWho wants to go with him? No one(Nobody)What can you see in the bottle?Nothing4、another，the other，the others，other , othersanother 表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一；與數(shù)詞連用，表”再有”, another+基數(shù)詞+名詞（s）=基數(shù)詞+名詞（s）+more；the other 表兩者中的另外那個(gè)，特指；the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；other

23、s (或other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。I dont like this，show me another oneThere is another way of dealing with the problem. Where shall we be in another ten years？If you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15A. another  Bother  Cmore  DEach *I will stay here for another th

24、ree days. 3 more days. 3 other days.I have two books. One is about English, the other is about French.He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a farmer.There are many books on the table. Some are English, the others are French.His ideas were often different from others. Some praise him, while

25、others condemn him. 搭配：1.oneanother To learn is one thing, to teach is another.To say is one thing, to do is another.2.some.others.有些有些；Some like tea, others like milk.Some say yes, while others say no.3.one.the other.一個(gè)(特指兩者中的)另一個(gè)I have two books, one is English, the other is French.4.On the one ha

26、nd, on the other hand, 一方面，另一方面On the one hand, I am your teacher, on the other hand, I am you friend.練習(xí)：1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. We were all very tired, but

27、_ of us would like to have a rest.4. _ of the twins are in our class.5. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.6. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.5、every, eachEach指兩者或以上的每一個(gè)，可作主語、定語或同位語，可跟of，every指三者及以上的每一個(gè)，只可作定語，且后只能接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Each of us has an English book.

28、 Each student has an English book.We each have an English book. Every student has an English book.6、few, a few, little, a little, many, muchI have many books/much money. There are few/a few apples on the desk. There is little/a little water in the bottle.練習(xí)：1. (很多) people dont have (很多)food.2. (很多)

29、mistakes are caused by carelessness.3. (很少) people can live to be 100 years old.4. You have done very (很少) for me.5.There is time left, Hurry up. 6.There is time left. Please dont hurry. 7.Come in and have (一點(diǎn))whisky.8.She has written many books but I have only read (少數(shù)).7、anyone=anybody, any one ev

30、eryone=everybody, every one someone=somebody, some one合寫一般指人，分寫則人、物均可表示，另外合寫后不接of, 分寫則可接of。We everyone should study hard. Every one of us should study hard.【注意】anyone, anybody表示任何人，anything表示任何事或物，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體；everyone表示每個(gè)人，everything表示每件事或物，強(qiáng)調(diào)全部。8. It 用法1. It is so noisy here.這兒吵死了。2. What time is it by yo

31、ur cell phone？3. It seldom snows in Guangzhou. 4. Its about one kilometer from here to the park. 5. This is my new pen. I bought it yesterday. 6. Whose exercise-book is that？ Its hers. 7. What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy？8. Who is the man over there？ It must be Jay. 9. Its no use talking to him. 1

32、0. It is important that we learn English well. 11. I think it hard to win the game. 12. It is you that she loves, not me.13. I would appreciate it if you accept my invitation. 14. I hate it when you talk with me with your finger pointing me.15.It is high time that the baby went to bed.1. 基本用法1. 指環(huán)境情

33、況、時(shí)間、天氣、距離。(如14)2. 代替前文提到過的事物、前文的指示代詞(that， this)。(如56)3. 指動(dòng)物、性別不詳?shù)膵雰?、猜測不確定的人。(如7，8)4. 用于表示感情的詞的后邊，如like love hate, appreciate（如13.14）4. 作形式主語(如9，10) it is +形容詞+to doit is+名詞+thatit is+形容詞+that it is+過去分詞+that it +不及物動(dòng)詞+that5.形式賓語(如11) 復(fù)合賓語中含有不定式，從句或者短語時(shí)候，用it 做形式賓語5. 構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。it is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who

34、+其他(如12)6. It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 區(qū)分：It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虛擬語氣)練習(xí)：1.I find hard to get along with him.2. I make a rule to look after the old.3. I have make clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here .4. I hate when he calls me at work.5. was not until 11 oclock that I went be

35、d.6.It was not until I came here I realized that this place is famous for its beauty.7. is impossible for him to get there in time.8. Where is my dictionary? I left on the desk.練習(xí)：1. Was it during the Second World War_ he died? A.that B.while C.in which D.then 2. Is _ necessary to complete the desig

36、n before National Day? A.this B.that C.it D.he 3. I don't think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A.this B.that C.its D.it 4.Does _ matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 5. It was not _ she took off her glasses _ I realized she was

37、 a famous film star. A.when , that B.until , that C.until , that D.when , then 6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected _ to be much better. A.that B.this C.one D.it 7. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began. A.while B.which C.that D.since 8. _is a fact that English is bei

38、ng accepted as an international language. A.There B.This C.That D.It 9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty. A.until B.that C.then D.so 10. I hate_when people talk with their mouths full. A.it B.that C.these D.them 11. It is the ability to do the job _

39、matters not where you come from or what you are. A.one B.that C.what D.it12.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one 13. Do you like _ here? Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全國卷) A. this B. These C. That D. it 14.

40、 We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood. (全國卷) A. it B. One C. Himself D. another 15. The foreign Minister said, " _ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."(2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 16. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. (2004北京) A. It B. As C. That D. What 17. How often do you eat out?(2004, 天津) _, but usually once a week. A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking 20. It was _ back home after the experiment. A. no