(完整版)定語從句：精講精例精練(完整版)

1、定語從句：精講精例精練一、定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1 .定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟它所修飾的先行詞后面。2 .關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞： that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；關(guān)系副詞： where, when, why 等。3 .關(guān)系詞的作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先行詞；在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句l.who指人，在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterd

2、ay I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 Football i

3、s a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓 語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指

4、物，在定語從句中做定語(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yell

5、ow?(6) Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(7) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(8) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(9) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for一(10) Tomorr

6、ow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(11) We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(12) We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1 .含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch whi

7、ch/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2 .若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用 whom,不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用which, 不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose The man with who you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (T)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is ver

8、y comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3 .介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

9、(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4 .介詞+which/whom ,介詞的選擇方法：(1)動詞+ ?介詞:talk +with/to/about/of (2)介詞？ + 先行詞： at school/home on this day on the farm(3)句子意思 ： behind/in front of/beside/next to/ + the classroom四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句：主謂賓齊全，考慮關(guān)系副詞when,where,why1. wh

10、en指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the rea

11、son why you missed the plane.(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great

12、changes have taken place in the citywhere / in which I was born.五.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：who(m), which, when, where, 介詞+which/whom(*that, why不能引導(dǎo)定語從句)1 .限制性定語從句：句子必不可少的部分，沒有逗號,翻譯成1句。(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person thaLI could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a lo

13、ng history.2 .非限制性定語從句：主句或主句名詞或代詞的補(bǔ)充說明，與豐句有逗號隔開,譯成2句。(1) His mother, who_loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.注意區(qū)分下面句子 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）(3) Hi

14、s brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）六、難點(diǎn)分析（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況：助記最不虛心正是一(疑)表人才。說明：最高級；不定代詞；序數(shù)詞；某些形容詞；正是 the only, the very, the just;疑問詞；表語；既有人又有物+=先行詞1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除夕卜),few, all, none, little, som

15、e 等代詞 時(shí)，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，也可以用who(4) Any ma

16、n that/who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing.2 .當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3 .當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4 .當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only修飾時(shí)(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his

17、house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5 .當(dāng)先行詞前面有 who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6 .當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時(shí)(1) Can you remember the sci

18、entist and his theory thol_we have learned?(二)關(guān)系代詞 as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1. As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, which was natural.(2) He was honest, as we can see.2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 ，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句； which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外 ，as有 芷如-，正像”的意思(1

19、) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as_ we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don't believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which。(5) Tom was always late for school, which ma

20、de his teacher angry.3. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用as I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語 從句意思不同。(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding.她

21、穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress _as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。(6)比較：He is such a good teacher as we all respect.(思考：此處 as 可改為 that 引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎？)He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.(三)以the way 為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that 引導(dǎo)，且?？墒÷?。(1) The way in which/ that/X he ans

22、wered the question was surprising.(四)but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don't )(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句1 .定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語從句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位于從句2 .定語從

23、句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語從句主要由that弓I導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分 ，也可以由 when, where, how, why, whether, what 等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語(4) The problem how we can collect s

24、o much money is difficult to solve.3 .同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語從句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 同位語(4) The fact is that the eart

25、h moves around the earth.鞏固練習(xí)I 單句改錯(cuò)1. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.2. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.3. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.4. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.5. He paid

26、the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn't been cleaned for a year.6. It was known to all, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.7. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.8. At home, children can do that they want.9. They tal

27、ked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.10. This weekend, I will go to Peter s house, which a party is to be held, to celebrate Christmas.11. He is a man of great experience, from who much can be learned.12. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.13.

28、In the police station I saw the man from which room the thief had stolen the TV set.14. Please put the letter which he can easily find it.II. 單句語法填空1. I still remember the night I first came to the house.2. I ll never forget the d_a_ywe met each other last week.3. He said this was the best article h

29、ad been written by the writer.4. I will never forget the days I spent with your family.5. The first English novel aroused his interest was a novel by Mark Twain.6. This is the school I used to study.7. Do you still remember the placewe visited last week?8. Do you still remember the placewe visited t

30、he painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhouis famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, lies the West Lake?11. Don t make the same mista_k_ethe six blind men did.12. It is the third time you have made the same mistake.13. It was in the street I met John yesterday.14.

31、It was about 600 years agothe first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.15. This is the wayhe did it.16. Who is the student was late for school today?17. Who knows him wants to make friends with him?18. The ruler ordered that anyone refused to bow before him should be thrown into prison.19.

32、He lives in the roomwindow faces to the south.20. He lives in the room, the windowfaces to the south.21. This is Mr. John forson I brought a book yesterday.22. This is Mr. John forI bought a book yesterday.23. This is the hourthe place is always full of women and children.24. And there is one point

33、I d like your advice.25. Winter is the time of yearthe days are short and nights are long.26. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful placeyou may spend your weekend.27. This is the boy father died three years ago28. They work in a factory makes radio parts.29. They work in a factory radio part

34、s are made.30. This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.31. Here are players from Japan, some ofare our old friends.32. We ll put off the meeting till next week, we won t be so busy.33. The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.34. Thos

35、e want to go to the computer room write your names here.35. Who is the person is standing at the gate?36. Is there anything you don t understand?37. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.38. Such a film was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children.39. Egypt is a c

36、ountryis famous for its pyramids.40. China is the countryhe spent the best part of his life.41. Everything can be done has been done.42. The days we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.43. The house stands at the place the two roads meet.44. The only problem troubled him has already been solve

37、d.45. The problem they could finish the project is very important.46. I l l never forget the last daywe spent together.47. I know the reasonshe looks so worried.48. This is the room food is kept.49. This is all I can do for you.50. The advice he (should) be invited to the party was taken.51. Can you

38、 think of anyone house was here?52. The news she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.53. The news he told us interested all of us.54. This is the only book was borrowed from the library.55. The day she had to leave arrived at last.56. It is one of the best pictureshave been sold.57. Thos

39、e want to go put up your hands.58. That s_a_llI want to tell you.59. He is such a good singer is loved by everyone.60. He is such a good singer he is loved by everyone.61. This is the knife withthe doctor did the operation.62. This is the only step we can take at the moment.63. The book tells storie

40、s of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.64. Tibet is such a place all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.65. Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, he would keep his best tools somy brother couldn t reach them .66. In 2014, such important refo

41、rm policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China almost each person could benefit from in life.67. We expect you to become someone of we ll feel very proud in the future.68. He wrote many children s books, nearly_h_a_lf_o_f_ were published in the 1990s.69. The boss is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.70. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.71. The exact yearAnglela and her family spent together in