九年級(jí)unit13SectionB知識(shí)梳理和輔導(dǎo)

1、Unit 1 How can we become good learners? Section B1. I cant pronounce some of the words. 我不會(huì)發(fā)其中一些單詞的音。pronounce是動(dòng)詞,“發(fā)音”。例如:I dont know how to pronounce this word. 我不知道這個(gè)單詞怎么發(fā)音。歸納：pronounce的名詞形式是pronunciation,“發(fā)音,發(fā)音法”。類似變化還有:注意以下動(dòng)詞與名詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化:動(dòng)詞   名詞actaction(行動(dòng))explain   &#

2、160;  explanation(解釋)satisfy       satisfaction(滿意)decide      decision(決定)discuss      discussion(討論)2. I dont know how to increase my reading speed. 我不知如何提高閱讀速度。how to increase my reading speed為含有特殊疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+t

3、o+動(dòng)詞原形。例如:She wants to know what to do next. 她想知道下一步做什么。Jenny hasnt decided where to go. 珍妮沒有決定去哪里。歸納：動(dòng)詞不定式前面有時(shí)加上連接代詞what,which或連接副詞when,where,how,此結(jié)構(gòu)用在know,tell,wonder,ask,learn,find out之后作賓語(yǔ)。如:He wonders when to leave for Japan. 他想知道什么時(shí)候去日本。易錯(cuò)警醒 在與不定式連用時(shí)what是疑問(wèn)代詞,后面的不定式可以不跟賓語(yǔ),而

4、how是疑問(wèn)副詞,其后的不定式必須跟賓語(yǔ)。例如:He doesnt know what to do.=He doesnt know how to do it. 他不知道怎么辦。3. Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 學(xué)習(xí)能力是人生而具有的。(1)born 為動(dòng)詞bear的過(guò)去分詞,意為“出生”。常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be born。be born with“與生俱來(lái)的”。例如:She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. 她生來(lái)富貴。歸納：be born

5、0;后跟介詞in與 on。be born in“出生于”+月份/年/具體的地點(diǎn),be born on“出生于”+具體日期。Where was Kimi born? 小小志出生在哪里?He was born in America. 他出生在美國(guó)。The little baby was born on a rainy day. 這個(gè)小嬰兒出生在一個(gè)多雨的日子。(2)ability 作名詞,意為“能力”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為abilities,其形容詞形式為able “能,會(huì)”,短語(yǔ)為be able to,相當(dāng)于can。例如:Its hard to measure his ab

6、ility when we havent seen his work.沒有見過(guò)他的作品,很難估計(jì)他的能力。Are you able to do it yourself? 你能自己做這件事嗎?4. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.但是,能否做好卻要看你的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。(1)whether or not 是“是否”的意思,在這里引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,還可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,也可把or not與whether分開。例如:Ask him whether he can come or no

7、t. 問(wèn)問(wèn)他是否能來(lái)。(2)depend主要意思為“依靠”、“依賴”、“取決于”等,只用作不及物動(dòng)詞,通常與介詞on,upon 連用,depend on/upon+某人或某物。 例如:Whether well go camping depends on the weather. 我們是否去野營(yíng)要看天氣。I havent got a car,so I have to depend on the buses.我沒有汽車,所以我得乘公共汽車。拓展：有時(shí)可在某人或某物后用介詞 for。如:We depend on the radio for news.

8、 我們靠收音機(jī)聽新聞。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 兒童的衣食靠父母。depend on/upon+從句。如:Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. 我們的成功取決于每個(gè)人是否努力。在 It (all) depends on/upon+從句中,介詞 on,upon 有時(shí)可省略(主要見于口語(yǔ)中)。如:It all depends how you do it. 那要看你怎

9、么辦。It depends (on) whether you can afford it. 這要看你是否買得起。depend on/upon+某人或某物+不定式或動(dòng)名詞。如:Im depending on you to do the work. 我指望你做這工作。You can never depend on him/his arriving on time. 你絕不能指望他能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。5. .your brain is more active. 你的大腦會(huì)更加活躍active是形容詞,其基本義為“活動(dòng)的,活躍的,積極的”,其比較級(jí)為more active,最高級(jí)

10、為the most active,可用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如:Although he is over 80,he is still very active.他雖然年過(guò)80歲,但他還是很活躍。在 take part in (參加)這一短語(yǔ)中,part前通常不用冠詞,但若有了 active 的修飾,則要有an。例如:He takes an active part in school activities. 他積極參加學(xué)校各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。歸納 activity n. 活動(dòng),活動(dòng)力 (不可數(shù));(某一領(lǐng)域的或帶消遣的)活動(dòng)(常用復(fù)數(shù)),其副詞

11、形式為actively。mental activity 腦力活動(dòng);physical activity體力活動(dòng);social activities 社交活動(dòng);political activities 政治活動(dòng)易錯(cuò)警醒 be active in 意為“積極參加”,習(xí)慣上不用于體育方面。例如:正He is active in politics.他積極參加政治活動(dòng)。誤He is active in sports.6. .it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 你

12、會(huì)更容易長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地注意它。(1)該句型是It+be+adj.(+for sb.) to do sth. 意為“(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是的”。此句型中,it為形式主語(yǔ),不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作真正的主語(yǔ)。例如:It isnt easy for me to learn English well.學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)不容易。辨析：“It is+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.”和“It is+adj.+(of sb.)to do sth.”for sb. 常用于表示事物的特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impo

13、rtant,impossible等。例如:Its very hard for him to study two languages. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。of sb.的句型一般用于表示人物的性格、品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。例如:Its very nice of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我,你真是太好了。 (2)pay attention to意為“注意;關(guān)注”,其中to為介詞,后接名詞、代詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),并不是能構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式的,這和look forwar

14、d to是一樣的。例如:The teacher told me to pay attention to my spelling. 老師提醒我要注意拼法。We should pay more attention to saving food. 我們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注節(jié)約食物。7. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. 良好的學(xué)習(xí)者經(jīng)常把他們所學(xué)的內(nèi)容和有趣的事物聯(lián)系起來(lái)。(1)connect v.意為“(使)連接;與有聯(lián)系”。通常與介詞with,to&

15、#160;連用。如:Will you connect this wire to the television? 請(qǐng)你把這根電線和電視機(jī)連上好嗎?A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him.一個(gè)好學(xué)生必須將他所讀到的東西與他周圍所看到的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)。易錯(cuò)警醒 下列情況,通常用介詞with。表示關(guān)系方面的聯(lián)系時(shí):Hes connected with our school. 他與我們學(xué)校有聯(lián)系。表示汽車、火車、飛機(jī)等交通方面的“相通”、“銜接”時(shí):The trolleybu

16、s connects here with a bus for the airport. 這輛無(wú)軌電車與開往機(jī)場(chǎng)的公共汽車銜接。This early bus from the village connects with the 830 train. 這輛從村里開來(lái)的早班車與830的火車銜接。(2)what they need to learn是跟在connect后的賓語(yǔ)從句,句子用陳述句語(yǔ)序。例如:Please tell me what you want.請(qǐng)告訴我你需要什么。8. Practicing and learning from mistakes. 練習(xí),并

17、從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。practice 意為“練習(xí)”,可作動(dòng)詞,后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),用動(dòng)名詞的形式,即practice doing sth.。The boy practiced speaking English every day. 這個(gè)男孩每天練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 歸納 跟動(dòng)名詞(doing)作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:suggest建議;finish完成;avoid避免;mind介意;enjoy喜歡;consider考慮;miss錯(cuò)過(guò);dislike不喜歡;imagine想象;permit允許;practice練習(xí);look forward to盼望;put off推遲;give up放

18、棄;be good at擅長(zhǎng);be afraid of害怕;be busy忙于;instead of代替9. Even if you learn something well,you will forget it unless you use it.即使你學(xué)得很好,如果不用,也將會(huì)忘記。unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句的否定形式,即unless=if .not。中文意為“如果不;除非”。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和if條件狀語(yǔ)從句,以及其他時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一樣,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。即所謂的“主將從現(xiàn)”。例如:You cannot imagine how amazin

19、g they are unless you see them with your own eyes.你不能想象它們多神奇除非你親眼所見。易錯(cuò)警醒 下列句中unless不能與if not 換用。當(dāng)unless引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句時(shí),一般不可改用if.not。如:They couldnt afford to live in such an expensive apartment unless they were rich.除非他們很富有,否則就住不起這么昂貴的公寓。unless引導(dǎo)的條件句可用否定結(jié)構(gòu),而if.not引導(dǎo)的條件句不可再加以否定,因此在unless引導(dǎo)的否定條件句中,

20、不能用if.not替代unless。如:Dont ask me to explain unless you really dont understand.除非你真不懂,不然別讓我解釋。當(dāng)unless作介詞“除以外”,“除非”時(shí),if.not不能與其互換使用。如:Nothing will come out of it unless(=except)disaster.這件事除了引起災(zāi)禍之外,不會(huì)有什么結(jié)果。10. They also look for ways to review what they have learned.他們還會(huì)尋覓溫故途徑。(1)look for 是“尋找”,強(qiáng)調(diào)

21、動(dòng)作,find是“找到”,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。例如:He looked for his pen everywhere but he didnt find it.他到處找他的鋼筆,但是沒找到。歸納：有關(guān)look的短語(yǔ):look around 四下張望;look ahead 向前看;look back 回頭看、回顧;look right/left 向右看/左看;look well 看起來(lái)健康;look ill 看上去有病;look down on(upon) 看不起、輕視;look over 檢查;look like 

22、看起來(lái)像;look out 向外望、當(dāng)心;look up 向上看、查(字典);look down 往下看;look up and down 上下打量;look after 照看、照顧(2)review v.& n.意為“回顧;復(fù)習(xí)”,作動(dòng)詞時(shí),同義詞為go over。Before the examination we have a review of the terms work.考試之前,我們復(fù)習(xí)一學(xué)期的功課。Its time to review your schoolwork. 是復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)校功課的時(shí)間了。例1 Linda,I

23、 have to go shopping now. Please _ your little sister at home.A. look for   B. look like   C. look after D. look up【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨析。句意為:我必須去購(gòu)物了。請(qǐng)?jiān)诩襙 你的小妹妹。look for尋找;look like看起來(lái)像;look after照看,照顧;look up向上看,查閱。根據(jù)情境可知C是最佳答案。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾例2Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ my car?Sure. Park it right here. Ill help you.A. how to stopB. where to parkC. where to stopD. when to park【解析】考查“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”的用法。park指“停放車輛”,stop指“停止、阻止”。句意:打擾一下,你能告訴我到哪里去停放我的車嗎?所以選B?！敬鸢浮緽例3 Your dream wont come true _ you know what your