2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案：專題八 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

1、高考資源網(wǎng)（） 您身邊的高考專家KS5U2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語學(xué)案專題八 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)【典例精析】  1. （08北京）_ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she'd like that little doll on her bed.  A. Seeing   B. To see   C. See   D. Seen【解題】A非謂語動詞see構(gòu)成的短語與句子的主語I即其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系,用在句首,中間與句子用逗號分開,表示

2、伴隨情況,用作伴隨狀語,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。2.(08全國卷I)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.    A. to be breathed   B. to breathe  C. breathing    D. being breathed 【解題】B在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中,當(dāng)表語形容詞為good, light, heavy, difficult等時,其后常用不定式作狀語,表示時間,原因,結(jié)果等,且常用主動形式表

3、示被動意義,因此選B。此處為特殊情況。3.(08北京)-Did the book give the information you needed?   -Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book.  A. to find   B. find   C.to be finding  D. finding【解題】 A 非謂語動詞短語與主句之間用逗號隔開,作狀語。根據(jù)句意:為了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本書的內(nèi)容,表示目的。不定式常在句首作目的狀語,且此處不表示

4、動作正在進行,因此用一般式,選A。4.（09湖南）Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused【解析】D 考查動詞不定時的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在人們有時把他們的廢物分開，以便很容易被重復(fù)利用。重新再利用是指將來發(fā)生的動作，而且是被動的。故選D。5.（09江西）_ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day gre

5、w the international stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 【解析】D 考查非謂語動詞。如果把句子補充完整就不難看出：If they are given the right kind of training , 可知主語they 即these teenager soccer players與give 之間是被動的關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞。根據(jù)主、從句主語一致可省略從句主語的原則，連詞if 也可省，所以得出given the right kind of training , these teenager socce

6、r players6.（09江西）The government plans to bring in new laws _ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children. A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced 【解析】B 考查非謂語動詞的用法。 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾new laws ,相當(dāng)于which forces .7.（09海南）The children all turned_the famous actress as

7、 she entered the classroom.A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at【解析】B。 句意為：當(dāng)那位著名的女演員走進了教室，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。turn to 表示“轉(zhuǎn)向，求助”的意思。8.(09海南) Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?A. taking B. take C. takenD. to take【解析】C。 考查with +賓語+賓語補足語的用法。句意為：現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)討論

8、了問題,是人們最滿意的決定？ take 與the decisions之間存在的關(guān)系是動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動9.（09山東）We are invited to a party _in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 【解析】A 考查非謂語動詞的用法，由next month可知時間是在將來，party是被舉行，故選A。10（09陜西）I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A. to take B. to b

9、e taken C. taking D. being taken 【解析】D 考查非謂語動詞。此處非謂語動詞做remember的賓語，而remember后用非謂語動詞做賓語時，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的動作已經(jīng)完成，也可用動詞不定式，表示的動作還未發(fā)生，根據(jù)后文的saw可知此處非謂語動詞動作已經(jīng)完成，且與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用v-ing的被動式，選D。11.（09福建） not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C

10、. To remind D. Having reminded【解析】B 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語the manager，非謂語動詞與句子主語是被動關(guān)系，且其表示的動作在謂語動詞set out之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生，非謂語動詞用過去分詞，選B。12.（09福建）In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. b

11、eing marked 【解析】A 考查非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞做狀語，其后有賓語，故與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，且表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時進行，用現(xiàn)在分詞，選A。13.（09湖南）When he the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open【解析】D 考查非謂語動詞。動詞不定時的用法。句意為：當(dāng)他要打開門的時候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的鑰匙不見了。動詞不定時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。14.（09湖南）9At the age of 29, Dave was a worker

12、, in a small apartment near Boston and _ what to do about his future.A. living; wondering B. lived; wonderingC. lived; wondered D. living; wondered【解析】A 考查分詞的用法。句意為：29歲的大衛(wèi),是一個工人,住在一間小公寓在波士頓附近,不知怎么辦關(guān)于他的未來。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾a worker，and 為并列連詞，連接相同的成份?！緦ｎ}突破】依據(jù)非謂語動詞各個不同類型的考查方式和特點?？梢圆捎梅侵^語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”做題法；即非謂語動詞

13、的“五步驟”做題法：1.牢記核心意義；2.分析句子成分；3.尋找邏輯主語；4.了解時間關(guān)系；5.分析特殊情況。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”：1. 認(rèn)識獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，建立獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念；2. 認(rèn)清獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的來源，理解獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能；3. 從邏輯主語的不同認(rèn)識分詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別；4.全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能；5. 熟悉獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的不同類型，全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)然并非每道題都要全面考慮以上"五步驟" 有時只需通過一兩個步驟即可得到答案。我相信,只要同學(xué)們在訓(xùn)練中嚴(yán)格按照這種思路去分析,就可以練就一雙火眼金睛,那么,再難的考查非謂語動詞和獨立主格

14、結(jié)構(gòu)的試題都是可以快速得到答案的。1. I dont know whether you happen _ it, but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard2. _ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _ the beautiful scenery.A. Tiring; to admire   

15、;  B. Being tired; admiringC. Tired; to admire      D. Tired; admiring3. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run4. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be put C. to pu

16、t D. putting 5. _ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.A. Having stolen  B. Having been stolen C. Stolen      D. Stealing6. To answer correctly is more important than _.A. that you finish quickly     B. finishing quickly C. to

17、 finish quickly       D. finish quickly7. You will see this product made in this factory _ wherever you go.  A. to be advertised  B. advertised C. advertise      D. advertising8. The monument was built in honor of the explore

18、r who was believed _ the river.A. to have discovered B. to have been discoveredC. to discover        D. having been discovered9. Have you considered _ your job as a teacher?Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _ a gardener.A. to change; to be&#

19、160; B. to change; being C. changing; being   D. changing; to be10. Mr. Green is said _ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.A. to do            B. to have done C. to be doing  

20、60;   D. to have been doing11. Seeing the soldiers well _ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.A. prepare   B. preparing    C. prepared     D. having prepared12.The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back。A.

21、being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied13.Weather_, we'll go out for a walk.A. permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting14.The speech _ a lively discussion started. A.being delivered B. was delivered C.be delivered D. having been delivered 15._, a man who expresses himself effect

22、ively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. A.Other things being equal B.Were other things equal C.To be equal to other things D.Other things to be equal 16.All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A.considered B.be considered C.considering D

23、.having considered 參考答案：1.【解析】D happen to have done sth 為不定式的完成時, 表示一個已經(jīng)完成了的動作,強調(diào)對于現(xiàn)在的影響.2.【解析】C tired and out of breath為“形容詞和介詞短語”在句中作狀語。stop to do sth. 停下來去做另外一件事3.【解析】B非謂語動詞作賓語補足語時,選項A、D表示將來可能發(fā)生的動作;B表示賓語持續(xù)性動作,根據(jù)句意選B,表示水不停地流出。4.【解析】D catch sb doing sth表示發(fā)覺或當(dāng)場捉住 sb在做一件事情。 5.【解析】A從動作發(fā)生的時間來看，應(yīng)是先偷鉆石，再

24、找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。6.【解析】C題意為“正確做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。兩個非謂語動詞短語在形式上應(yīng)保持一致。7.【解析】B advertise意為“為登廣告”。made in this factory作定語修飾product; advertised作賓語補足語。8.【解析】A用不定式的完成式表示動作發(fā)生在(定語)從句謂語動作之前。9.【解析】D consider 作“考慮”解時，后常接-ing形式（短語）作賓語；作“認(rèn)為” 解時，后常接含有名詞、形容詞或to be的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。10【解析】B由when young可知此處應(yīng)該用不定式的完成式，表示此動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。

25、11.【解析】C由固定短語be (well) prepared for可知此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補。12.【解析】D. with +名詞（代詞）+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時，其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞，選D.13.【解析】B. 本題中沒有連詞，它不是復(fù)合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號，且we 小寫，可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷，本句中使用的是獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許'

26、，表主動，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。如果不會判斷獨立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式，不妨將句子改為條件句，例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉，再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可。14.【解析】D 句意：演講完后，開始了熱烈的討論。把握前后主語不一致，動作發(fā)生在之前，故選答案為D.15.【解析】A 句意：在其它條件相同的情況下，表達好的人肯定要比語言能力差的人更快地取得成功，前后的主語不一致，故選答案A.16.【解析】A 考慮了方方面面之后，原來計劃好的旅行不得不取消了,前后主語不一致，故答案為A。【學(xué)法導(dǎo)航】非謂語動詞內(nèi)容繁

27、多,用法復(fù)雜,是學(xué)生們在英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中的最大難點,也是高考中的必考項目。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)相對來說考查較少，但經(jīng)常放在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中考查；同學(xué)們要想掌握他們的用法,輕松備戰(zhàn)高考,快速準(zhǔn)確地解題,不妨牢記非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)基本、特殊用法以及解題“五步驟”，具體內(nèi)容如下:一.非謂語動詞“五步驟”1.牢記核心意義。不定式表將來或能夠,動詞ing形式表主動或進行,過去分詞表被動或完成。2.分析句子成分。非謂語動詞在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、補語以及狀語。3.尋找邏輯主語,把握，前后主語一致性和主被動關(guān)系。非謂語動詞雖然在語法上沒有主語,但它仍表示的是動作,因此在意義上會有一個動作的發(fā)出者,

28、這個發(fā)出者就是它的邏輯主語。作主語補足語,表語和狀語時,邏輯主語為句子的主語;作賓語補足語,邏輯主語為賓語;作定語,邏輯主語是所修飾的先行詞;復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)自帶邏輯主語。如果非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動式,如果是被動關(guān)系,則用過去分詞或不定式的被動式,如果表被動進行,則用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式或不定式的被動進行式。4.了解時間關(guān)系。如果非謂語動詞與句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,用一般式;如果發(fā)生在之前,則用完成式,如果強調(diào)正在進行,則用進行時;如果動作在將來發(fā)生,則用不定式。5.分析特殊情況。主要是指一些習(xí)慣用法,固定搭配等。二獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”1.認(rèn)識獨立主格

29、結(jié)構(gòu)，建立獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念。 最初的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是帶邏輯主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，它的作用相當(dāng)于狀語。 2.認(rèn)清獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的來源，理解獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。 我們清楚地看出獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語和分詞作狀語一樣來源于狀語從句。 3.從邏輯主語的不同認(rèn)識分詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別。 分詞作狀語和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的區(qū)別就在于邏輯主語的不同，分詞的邏輯主語為主句的主語，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語就是分詞前邊的名詞或代詞。 4.全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。  要將復(fù)合句或并列句改成簡單句時，應(yīng)注意：要根據(jù)分詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語時邏輯主語的不同情況改寫句子，當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語一致時，適合改成分詞作

30、狀語；當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語不一致時，適合改成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。 5.熟悉獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的不同類型，全面掌握獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 有時將并列句或復(fù)合句改成簡單句時，應(yīng)注意：原句中含有 be 動詞時，一律改成 being 形式， being 后面為非名詞時 being 可忽略。 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)除了分詞式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)之外，還有介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式式獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即帶邏輯主語的介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可用作伴隨狀語、條件狀語、原因狀語或時間狀語。 【專題綜合】1. _ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out l

31、oud shouts of victory. A. To throw  B. Thrown  C. Throwing D. Being throwing2.   _ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk  B. Walking  C. Walked   D. Having walked3. I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't

32、mention _ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote  B. having been promoted  C. having promoted  D. to be promoted4. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possible.A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent   D. sending5. _ around the Water Cube, we wre

33、 then taken to see the Bird's Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A.Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. to show6. We had an anxious couple of weeks _for the results of the experimentA. wait B. to be waiting C. waited    D. waiting7. _ to reach them on the phone,

34、we sent an email instead. A. Fail  B. Failed  C. To fail  D. Having failed8. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.A. finding  B. being found  C. to find  D. found9. _ in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left

35、 the cheque in the car. A. Waiting  B.To wait  C. Having waited   D. To have waited10.-Can those _at the back of the classroom hear me?  -No problem. A. seat   B. sit  C. seated   D. sat11.He was busy writing a story, only _once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stop  B. stopping    C. to have stopped   D. having stopped12. Please remain _; the winner of the prize will