新初三銜接班英語(yǔ)第一講名詞(1)

1、 課程開(kāi)發(fā)模板·文理科記敘文閱讀（1）編寫人：李紅第二講課程講義前言一、 課程設(shè)置目的：二、 目錄：第一講：閱讀（一） 詞法：名詞第二講：閱讀（二） 詞法：代詞第三講：閱讀（三） 詞法：形容詞和副詞第四講：閱讀（四） 詞法：數(shù)詞第五講：閱讀（五） 詞法：動(dòng)詞第六講：時(shí)態(tài)：初中階段的八大時(shí)態(tài)分析（一）第七講：時(shí)態(tài)：初中階段的八大時(shí)態(tài)分析（二）第八講：閱讀（六） 語(yǔ)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)第九講：句子種類：陳述句；疑問(wèn)句；感嘆句；祈使句；反意疑問(wèn)句第十講： 句子成分；賓語(yǔ)從句第十一講：基本句型；狀語(yǔ)從句第十二講：定語(yǔ)從句三、 目錄：第一講：閱讀（一） 詞法：名詞第二講：第三講：第四講：第五講：第六講

2、：第七講：第八講：第九講：第十講：第十一講：第十二講：第一講 閱讀（一） 詞法：名詞課程目標(biāo)1、 閱讀理解題目分析2、 詞法-名詞課程重點(diǎn)名詞的綜合運(yùn)用課程難點(diǎn)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格教學(xué)方法建議講授、提問(wèn)、論證、練習(xí)選材程度及數(shù)量課堂精講例題搭配課堂訓(xùn)練題課后作業(yè)A類（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B類（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C類（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、Warm-up課前閱讀（一）1、閱讀理解題目詳解（1）一輩子的朋友 朋友與你相互嬉鬧，朋友與你互掏腰包；朋友與你互相惦記，朋友與你心有靈犀；朋友與你有苦共擔(dān)，朋友與有樂(lè)同歡請(qǐng)讀讀這篇真摯的友情故事。Linda E

3、vans was my best friendlike the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding. When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special timelike my wedding (婚禮) and Lindas. Soon we were busy w

4、ith children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address (地址) Unknown. ” I had no idea how to find Linda. Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share (分享) happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to sha

5、re my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill. One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman Lindas married name. “There must

6、 be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her. She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother. ”Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each others lives.

7、 Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And theres one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We wont lose each other again!根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1. The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _. A. at the age of 13 B. before she got marriedC. after they moved to new homes D. before

8、the writers family moved away2. They didnt often write to each other because they _. A. got married B. had little time to do soC. didnt like writing letters D. could see each other on special time3. There was an empty place in the writers heart because she _. A. was in troubleB. didnt know Lindas ad

9、dress C. received the card that she sentD. didnt have a friend like Linda to share her happiness or sadness4. The writer was happy when she _. A. read the newspaperB. heard Lindas voice on the phoneC. met a young woman who looked a lot like LindaD. wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman5. The

10、y havent kept in touch _. A. for about 40 yearsB. for about 27 yearsC. since they got marriedD. since the writers family moved away 【答案及解析】1. 選D。開(kāi)始的時(shí)候作者與Linda總是一起去上鋼琴課、看電影、游泳、騎馬等，但后來(lái)在作者13歲的時(shí)候，作者一家搬走了，兩人只能通過(guò)書信聯(lián)系。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，顯然只能選D。2. 選B。根據(jù)文章第2段中的Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and

11、 we wrote less often 根據(jù)文可知，她們之所以沒(méi)經(jīng)常寫信，是因?yàn)樗齻円τ谡疹櫤⒆?，又要搬新家，也就是說(shuō)，她們沒(méi)有時(shí)間寫信。3. 選D。根據(jù)文章第3段內(nèi)容可知答案。4. 選B。真正讓作者感到高興的是當(dāng)她在電話上聽(tīng)到老朋友Linda的聲音的時(shí)候。而讀到報(bào)紙的時(shí)候和寫信的時(shí)候都還只是在猜測(cè)，那時(shí)還談不上高興。5. 選A。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years可知，答案選A。（2）“老”字趣談 每個(gè)國(guó)家都有各自的文化習(xí)慣，而這種文化上的差異往往會(huì)引

12、起一定的誤會(huì)，不過(guò)只要熟悉對(duì)方的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣做到入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，一切就OK啦！ 13When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to

13、 my very first embarrassment in the United States. I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I al

14、ways respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized

15、 to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry. In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have

16、 the most knowledge andexperience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience. However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Her

17、e many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them tofeel they had failed to stay young. I had told them

18、something they didnt want to hear. After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I dont respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I dont show my feelings through words. By Jack根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容，然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because

19、 _. A. the manager asked him to do soB. he respected the elderlyC. the couple wanted him to do soD. he wanted more pay2. When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became _. A. nervous B. satisfiedC. unhappyD. excited3. In Jacks hometown, _. A. people dislike being called “old”B. people are pr

20、oud of being oldC. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants4. After this experience, Jack _. A. lost his job in the restaurantB. made friends with the coupleC. no longer respected the elderly D. changed his way with older people5. Which o

21、f the following is TRUE?A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got. B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience. C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple. D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture. 【答案及解析】1. 選B。

22、根據(jù)第2段中的I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly可知答案。2. 選C。根據(jù)第2段中的As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure可知他們聽(tīng)到Jack稱他們?yōu)槔险邥r(shí)，一點(diǎn)也不高興。3. 選B。根據(jù)第3段中的In my village in China, people are proud of being old可知答案。4. 選D。根據(jù)最后一段中的After that,

23、I changed the way I had with older people可知答案。5. 選D。根據(jù)第2段最后一句After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry可知A選項(xiàng)不對(duì)；根據(jù)文章最后一句but now I dont show my feelings through words可知B選項(xiàng)不對(duì)；根據(jù)第2段中的Ithen waked back to

24、the table and apologized to the wife 可知C 選項(xiàng)也不對(duì)，故正確答案為D。做閱讀理解的五點(diǎn)注意:注意一：試題各小題所提供的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，有的是語(yǔ)法、結(jié)構(gòu)上有錯(cuò)誤，有的是與短文意思不相符。解題時(shí)要把有結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤的先排除，再考慮是否符合短文內(nèi)容。注意二：對(duì)短文中的生詞或看不懂的句子，應(yīng)大膽根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法及上、下文意思進(jìn)行猜測(cè)，尤其對(duì)涉及文中某個(gè)詞或某個(gè)句子含義的選擇試題，要根據(jù)文章所闡述的主要內(nèi)容及上、下文內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，大膽分析推斷，去偽存真選出正確答案。注意三：對(duì)于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意圖及短文標(biāo)題等選擇試題，雖然短文中沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明，可統(tǒng)觀全文，通過(guò)短文所提

25、供的材料或聯(lián)想短文材料以外的常識(shí)，如結(jié)合已學(xué)過(guò)的自然、社會(huì)科學(xué)知識(shí)加以綜合理解、分析推測(cè)或按作者的思路進(jìn)行推理，從而且推斷出正確答案。注意四：做選擇試題時(shí)一般先做在文中能直接找到依據(jù)的細(xì)節(jié)題，后做主旨題、推理題。這樣在對(duì)語(yǔ)篇有更多領(lǐng)悟的基礎(chǔ)上再進(jìn)行推理判斷和概括總結(jié)，把握性就更大。注意五：閱讀的順序一般是先讀短文，再看題目，然后逐題作答。若文章較長(zhǎng)，也可以先將測(cè)試題目通覽一遍，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀文章。這樣對(duì)與答題有關(guān)的段落、句子反應(yīng)敏感，而對(duì)其他與答題無(wú)關(guān)的部分可以不必花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間，閱讀速度就可加快些。 2、中考閱讀理解專練：在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成四篇閱讀理解題目(A) Twenty years a

26、go, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 a.m. When I arrived to collect, I saw a small woman in her eighties stood before me. I took her suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.She kept than

27、king me for my kindness. “Its nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”“Oh, youre such a good man,” she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”“Its not the shortest way.” I an

28、swered quickly.“Oh, Im in no hurry.” she said. “Im on my way to a hospice (臨終醫(yī)院). I dont have any family left. The doctor says I dont have very long time.” I quietly shut off the meter (計(jì)價(jià)器). For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the

29、 neighborhood where she had lived. Sometimes shed ask me to slow down in front of a special building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.At dawn, she suddenly said, “Im tired. Lets go now.”We drove in silence to the address she had given me.“How much shall I give you?” she asked.

30、“Nothing,” I said.“You have to make a living.” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug (擁抱). She held onto me tightly and said, “You gave an old woman a little moment of happiness.”46. When did the story happen? A. One night twent

31、y years ago. B. At 2:30 in the afternoon twenty years ago. C. When the driver was twenty. D. When the old woman was ill.47. Why did the old woman choose to go through the city?    A. Because she wanted to show she knew the city very well. B. Because she wanted to see some places for the la

32、st time.   C. Because she let the driver earn more money. D. Because she wanted to reach the hospice on time.48. Why did the taxi driver not get any money from the old woman?  A. He wanted to help her. B. He shut off the meter by mistake.   C. Others had paid him. D. He was

33、in a hurry to take other passengers.49. Which is NOT true according to the passage? A. It took them 2 hours to drive through the city.B. The writer made a living by driving a taxi.C. The old woman was related to the writer.D. The old woman got a little moment of joy because of the writers kindness.5

34、0. What can we learn from the story?   A. Giving is always for retuning.   B. People should respect each other.   C. An act of kindness can bring people pleasure.   D. People should learn to appreciate (感激) others help （B）Editor: Today our topic is parttime jo

35、bs. Are they good for school children or not?Headmaster: Certainly not. Children have got two fulltime jobs already: growing up and going to school. Parttime jobs make them so tired that they fall asleep in class. Mrs. Barrens: I agree with you. I know school hours are not short, and theres too much

36、 homework, too, so children need a lot of sleep. Mr. Barrens: Some students stay at school until theyre eighteen or nineteen. A parttime job cant harm them. In fact, its good for them. They earn their pocket-money instead of asking their parents for it. And they see something of the world outside sc

37、hool. Businessman: Youre quite right. Boys learn a lot from part-time jobs. And we mustnt forget that some families need the extra money. If the students dont take part-time jobs, they cant stay at school. Editor: Well, we have got two for, and two against. What do our readers think?51. What is the

38、discussion about? A. Pocket-money. B. Part-time jobs. C. Enough sleep. D. Much homework. 52. Who have the same opinion?A. Mr. and Mrs. Barrens.B. Editor and Mr. Barrens. C. Headmaster and Mrs. Barrens.D. Businessman and Headmaster.53. Whats the opinion of Mrs. Barrens? A. She thinks the children nee

39、d to stay at school until they are sixteen or seventeen.B. She thinks the children should see something of the world outside school.C. She thinks the children need to have some pocket-money.D. She thinks the children need to have enough sleep.54. What do the children think of part-time jobs? A. Part

40、-time jobs are good for school children. B. Part-time jobs can help students from poor families. C. Part-time jobs cant harm school children. D. The passage doesnt mention it. 55. The underline words “ two for ” (in the last sentence ) refers to _. A. two persons are right B. two persons are for the

41、 same ideaC. two persons think parttime jobs are good D. two persons dont think parttime jobs are good (C)We are often asked to make a speech in life. Most of us are afraid of it and dont do a good job. Here are some simple steps to make your speech a successful one. First of all, find out everythin

42、g you can about your subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they? What do they know about your subject? Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. Then try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as man

43、y examples as possible. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads or talk down to them. When you are giving your speech, speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to think over what youve said. Just rememb

44、er: be prepared, know your subject and your audience, say what you have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together. 56. “Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.” (underlined) means that while preparing your speech, you must _. A. put your shoe

45、s away and put on theirs B. try to think in the way as they do C. wear the shoes in the same size as theirs D. try to speak in their words57. When he is giving his speech, the speaker should _. A. let his eyes rest on the subject B. follow the audience step by stepC. face the audience in a right way

46、 D. look up and down from time to time58. What does the underlined word “pause” mean in the passage?A. Listen.B. Stop.C. Choose.D. Search.59. Which is the best title of the passage?A. How to Make a Good SpeechB. How to Pick out the Topic for a SpeechC. How to Prepare the Material for a Speech D. How

47、 to Remember the Audience60. In what order should a good speech be arranged?a. Give your audience chances to think over what youve said.b. Find out as much as you can about your audience. c. Try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. d. Find out everything you can

48、about your subject e. Speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience A. d,b,c,e,a B. b,d,e,a,c,f C.b,a,d, c,e, D. e,b,a,f,d,c ( D ) We surveyed 300 young people on what they like to do at weekends. One hundred people are from the ages of 11-18, one hundred 19-26 and one hundred 27-35. The following

49、 shows their answers:61. How many people enjoy playing computer games in the 11-18 group? A. 20. B. 50. C. 60. D. 75.62. What do the people of 19-26 enjoy doing most? A. Watching TV.B. Going to the movies.C. Playing computer games.D. Taking a walk.63. Which two activities do most people enjoy doing?

50、 A. Playing computer games and watching TV.B. Playing computer games and taking a walk. C. Watching TV and going to the movies.D. Going to the movies and taking a walk.64. From the chart above, we can see the older people are, the more they like _. A. watching TVB. taking a walk C. going to the movi

51、esD. playing computer games65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the chart? A. Fewest people like taking a walk. B. The people of 11-18 like taking a walk most. C. 90 people like going to the movies in the 19-26 group. D. The people of 27-35 like playing computer games most.Anwser：ABACC BC

52、DDC BCBAA DACCA二、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)-名詞表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念等的名稱的詞。知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！一、 名詞的分類 名詞類 別意 義例 詞專有名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國(guó)家、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名稱Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞表示單個(gè)人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合 名詞表示一群人或一些事物的總稱people, police, team, clothes, group, crew不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞表示無(wú)法

53、分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名詞表示抽象概念的詞fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care注：1.專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名稱。第一個(gè)字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。 2、有普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”，但它不大寫。3、有些不可數(shù)名詞有時(shí)表示為具體的東西時(shí)，則變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞，而且以四上也有了變化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒， work- a work 工廠，著作 glass-a glass 一個(gè)玻璃杯， room空間-a r

54、oom一個(gè)房間二、 名詞的數(shù)：表示可以計(jì)算數(shù)目的人或物稱為可數(shù)名詞。1、可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式：可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在名詞前加 “a或an”；復(fù)數(shù)形式是在名詞后加 “-s或-es”。名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化及其讀音可依照下表：當(dāng)名詞為：詞尾變化讀 音例 詞一般情況加s在清輔音后讀/s/chips, jeeps, pats , clocks在濁輔音或元音后讀/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的單詞加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o結(jié)尾的單詞加s或es/z/z

55、oos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞去y 變i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe結(jié)尾的單詞去f或fe 變v 加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以th結(jié)尾的詞加s/ðz/; /z/mouths, paths; months, deaths2. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由man 和woma