冠詞的用法詳細(xì)講解

1、參考材料冠詞的用法詳解英語(yǔ)中冠詞分為定冠詞the 和不定冠詞 a/an 兩種。冠詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，往往放在名詞前面，表示不同的意義一：a 和 an 區(qū)別A 用于輔音前，an 用于元音前。特別注意的是 an 用于元音因素（發(fā)音）而不是字母前。1. 拼寫(xiě)以輔音字母開(kāi)頭讀音卻以元音開(kāi)頭的單詞hour, hon est, ho nor 等單詞的拼寫(xiě)雖然以輔音字母h 開(kāi)頭，但其讀音卻以元音開(kāi)頭，因此，前面要用 an?？墒煊浵旅孢@句話(huà)：An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task.（一小時(shí)前 ，一位誠(chéng)實(shí)的人接受了一項(xiàng)光榮的任務(wù)。）2. 拼寫(xiě)以元

2、音字母開(kāi)頭讀音卻以輔音開(kāi)頭的單詞useful, uni versity, usual, Europea n, un ited, on e-eyed, on e-way等單詞的拼寫(xiě)雖然以元音字母開(kāi)頭，但其讀音卻以元音開(kāi)頭，因此，前面要用 a。可熟記下面這句話(huà)：In a uni versity, a Europea n and a on e-eyed man walk along a on e-way road with a usualtool. This is a usual thing.（在一所大學(xué)里，有一個(gè)歐洲人和一個(gè)獨(dú)眼龍拿著有用的工具沿著一條單行道行走，這是件平常的事。）如：Five y

3、ears ago her brother was_ university student of_ physics.（ 上海卷）A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. a; /分析】答案選 D。因?yàn)?university 是以輔音j開(kāi)頭的要用 a，排除 B 和 C; physics 是學(xué)科名 詞，參考材料前面不用冠詞 。3. 英文字母前用 a 還是用 an 的問(wèn)題在 26 個(gè)英文字母中 ， A ei, e i, f ef, h eitf I ai, lel m em , n en o ou ra sesxeks等 12 個(gè)字母的讀音是以元音開(kāi)頭的， 因此前面要用an。

4、其余字母則是以輔音開(kāi)頭的。如：Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ ”m ”here. （ 全國(guó)卷 ）A. an B. the C. / D. aThere is a “u ,an m and a pin the word“jump:.分析】答案選A。因?yàn)樽帜?m 的發(fā)音是以元音e開(kāi)頭的，所以用 an;這里的 an 的意義與 one 相當(dāng)，表示一個(gè)” an NBA star 個(gè)籃球明星 an MIT student.個(gè)麻省理工的學(xué)生二：不定冠詞的用法1:表示一個(gè)”與 one ”相同Rome wasn tbuilt i

5、n a day.He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled.2:與專(zhuān)有名詞連用 ， 表示 “某一 ”。一個(gè)叫的人 ”。The little boy wants to be a Le Feng.A professor from Qinghua University will give us a lecture.參考材料A Mr smith is waiting for you at the school gate.3:表示每一相當(dāng)于 per，用于某些表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度等的單位前。500 dollars a day , four time

6、s a day , twice a day ,8 hours a dayWe go swimming four times a week.4: a +most 表示 “非常 ”。Though it is a most interesting book in these books ,it is not the most interesting one.This is a most troublesome case.5: a+序數(shù)詞，表示 再一 ”、又一 ”You can try it a sec ond time f you failWhen I sat dow n a fifth man r

7、ose to speak.6:a(n)+名詞，作表語(yǔ)表職業(yè)。He is a professor .She is a engin eer.但是 He turned sailor after he grew up.= He became a sailor after he grew up7:表示同一”相同”，等于 the same ”They are of an age.=They are of the same age._Birds of a feather flock togetherThe two shirts are much of a size.8:在感嘆句中What a sple nd

8、id performa nee it is .How serious a problem it is .參考材料9:在 so, as ,too ,how+ 形容詞之后He is so famous a poet that he is admired by othersIt is as fine a day as I have ever spent.It is too difficult a book for you to read .He doesn know how precious a thing it is.10:在 half, many , quite ,rather 之后Half a

9、 doze n of apples , many a flower ,quite a good idea ,rather a clever boy ,such a funny expressi onHe is quite a good actor.Dont be in such a hurry.11:第一次提到的人或事物，但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.12;表示一類(lèi)人和東西A tiger can be dan gerous.A teacher must love h

10、is stude nts.A bad workma n quarrels with his tools.A dog is a faithful ani mal.=Dogs are faithful ani mals.13:物質(zhì)名詞的具體化，The people in China like tea and gree n tea is a won_We don have much rain here ,but last night we had a heavy rain._Please give me a coffee .( a cup of coffee)14:抽象名詞的具體化The sport

11、s meet was a great success.參考材料It is an honour to be in vited to the party.Readi ng is a pleasure for me.15 :世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)：We hope we can see a full moon tonight.China hopes to see a peaceful and frien dly world in the 21st cen tury.16:在表示季節(jié) 、月份、日期 、三餐前有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)We had a very cold winter last year.Thi

12、s happened on a cold night.We had a wonderful lunch at that party.17:首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前There is a man and an animal at the gate.18:某些固定短語(yǔ)中 ：a great/good deal of ,a good many of ,a number of ,a lot of ,as a result of ,all of asudden ,get in a word ,have a cold ,go for a walk, in a hurry ,after a while ,onc

13、e in awhile ,as a matte of fact ,once upon a time ,have a word with ,one at a time ,a waste of 三： 使用定冠詞的情況 ：1：表示特定的人或物The book on the desk is mine.The girl in blue is my sister.2:上文提到的人或物前面I bought a shirt yesterday .The shirt was very beautiful參考材料They have a son and a daughter .The song is a lawye

14、r and the daughter is a nurse.3:表示談話(huà)人雙方都知道的人或物Jack， close the window please.The manager is in the office.3： 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示類(lèi)別 ， 相當(dāng)于不定冠詞表示類(lèi)別A lion is a dan gerous ani mal.=The lio n is a dan gerous ani mal.=Li ons are dan gerous an imals.5:在表示整個(gè)類(lèi)別的名詞前The tiger is in dan ger of dying out.The lion is more

15、fierce than the wolf.6:在表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前，但是前面有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)可以用不定冠詞The sun /moon /star/earth/world/sky /uni verse/seaThe moon cast a shadow on the wall.A bright moon hangs over the garde n.7:在表示方向、方位的名詞前In the east/west/south/north. On the right/left ,in the middleThe wind is blow ing from the east.Turn (to t

16、he )left, and you will find the cinema.8:在表示自然現(xiàn)象的名詞前The weather/climate /wind. 但是 nature 前不用冠詞The farmers are compla ining about the weather.9:用于形容詞之前表示一類(lèi)人或物The poor/sick/rich/wo un ded/dead/deaf/bli nd/public/livi ng /youngThe rich are not always happier than the poor.參考材料Soon he would be among the

17、 un employed.You can expect them to do the impossible.10:表示樂(lè)器、娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所名詞前I like playi ng the pia no/violi n/flute/guitar.I used to go the cin ema/c on cert/theater/party.11：表示某項(xiàng)發(fā)明單數(shù)名詞前The compass was inven ted in China 2000years ago.Who inven ted the teleph one?12:用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前The earliest coins in the

18、world were used in China.He is always the first to come to school.13:在 only, same ,right ,very 之前 just 之后He was the only person invited to the ball in the office.Don make the same mistake again.比較：This is the very book that Im eager to read.This is just the book that I eager to read.14 :用在復(fù)數(shù)的姓氏前表示一家

19、人或者夫婦The Jones will come to the party toni ght.The smiths love ani mals.15 :與民族、國(guó)籍的名詞連用指全體The Chin ese are a hardwork ing people.參考材料The Englishproud of their sense of humour.16:在越來(lái)越”勺結(jié)構(gòu)中The more he has ,the more he wan ts.The more lear ned he is ,the more modest he is.17 :用在世紀(jì)或者逢十進(jìn)位的復(fù)數(shù)年代前In the 19t

20、h cen tury, in the 1980s,i n the 198018 :在抓打人體某部位名詞前Pat/strike/hit sb on the head/nose/shoulder/backTake /catch/seize sb by the arm/hand/collar/sleeve19:在表示劑量的名詞前By the doze n/ton/poun d/m on th/day/week/hourBy doze ns /hun dreds/i nches但是，by weight/volume, 按重量、體積計(jì)算不用 the20 :用于特指的不可數(shù)名詞前Did you take

21、the advice that he gave you about the matter?The air in the room is fresh.21:用于江、河、湖、海、洋、運(yùn)河等專(zhuān)有名詞前the Yangtze River .the West Lake ,the Red sea the Atlantic Ocean .the Panama Canel22:用于山脈群島等專(zhuān)有名詞前，但是孤島孤山前不用冠詞the Alps, the Philip in es , Mou nt Tai23:用于表示海灣、海峽、沙漠等專(zhuān)有名詞前The Taiwan Straits, the English Ch

22、annel, the Sahara Desert參考材料24:含有普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前the People Republic of China, the United Stated of American25:表示公共建筑的專(zhuān)有名詞前the Great Wall, the Summer Palace the childre n 26 :用于階級(jí)、黨派、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有名詞前the Un ited Nati ons , the Chin ese Communist Party27:報(bào)紙、雜志、會(huì)議、條約、歷史事件、時(shí)期、朝代前the Times the xi an Incident the Mid

23、dle Ages the Ming Dynasty/period the AtlanticPact 大西洋公約順口溜：特指重提和唯一方位順序和樂(lè)器 姓氏復(fù)數(shù)國(guó)全名 島嶼海峽和海灣 年代團(tuán)體 和機(jī)關(guān)海洋黨派最高級(jí)沙漠河流與群山 船名建筑和組織 會(huì)議條約和報(bào)刊 請(qǐng)你記住用定冠四：不用冠詞的情況：1:表示一類(lèi)人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Childre n beg in school at the age of six.We must tell friends from en emies.2 當(dāng) man 表示人類(lèi)，或者當(dāng) man ,woman 表示全體時(shí)Man cantlive without water.M

24、an is stron ger tha n woma n.Man has existed for thousa nds of years.palace參考材料3:在表示家人稱(chēng)謂或稱(chēng)呼前Come in ,boy.Mother is not at home.4:不含普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前Zhou Lan was performing in her first competition.Russia is the largest country in the world.The buildi ng sta nds on Linclon Street.China is no Ion ger the Chi

25、na （特指）of the past.5:當(dāng)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)Failure is the mother of success.Health is better tha n wealth.He has no sense of humour.I can catch the humour （ 特指）of his talk.6:當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)：Paper is made from wood.Clothes are made of cloth.比較：We can live without air.The air in the room is fresh.7:當(dāng)名詞前有指示代詞、不定代詞或

26、名詞所有格時(shí)，序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞修飾時(shí)Paul remembers one of his first lessons from this teacher.His heart is beati ng wildly with fear.參考材料A bomb exploded and destroyed his house._8:在表示季節(jié)、月份、日期、星期等的名詞前In summer/autumn/spring/winter但是 in the spring（ 特扌旨）of 1949In Janu ary/February/March/ , on Sun day/M on day/Wed nesda

27、y9:在節(jié)日、假日等名詞前on Christmas Day on New Year Day on Nati onal Day但是與 festival 連用，要用 theThe Middle-AutumnFestival thespringFestival theDragonFestival theFestival10:在語(yǔ)言名詞前一般不加冠詞。女口：I wrote a letter to my friend in En glish yesterday evening .11 在表示學(xué)科的名詞前不加冠詞。女口 :I like physics best .12:在球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)之前不加冠詞。女口：The

28、 young man almost plays football every day13:在一日三餐之前，不加冠詞。女口：I had lunch at school last term .14、許多有關(guān)組織機(jī)構(gòu)和交通工具的短語(yǔ)中，不加冠詞。女口：He going to Beijing by plane .15:在語(yǔ)言名詞前一般不加冠詞。女口：I wrote a letter to my friend in En glish yesterday evening但是與 Ianguage 連用時(shí)要加Lantern參考材料Chin esethe Chin ese Ian guage16: school

29、 , college , bed , prison , hospital這些若不是指具體的東西時(shí)不用冠詞He lay in bed till ni ght .17:kind /sort /type of + 名詞，名詞不用冠詞Those sorts of dogs are really dan gerous .The concert attracted all kinds of people.18 :在表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜時(shí)名詞在句中作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，以及表示頭銜、職位的名詞與姓氏連用時(shí)：We elected him president of the society.Tom w

30、as captain of the ship.Premier Zhu was on a visit to Japa n at that time.Professor Jacks on is givi ng us a lecture on en vir onment protect ion.比較：Mr .smith was head of the compa ny.The head of the compa ny is Mr smith.19:在日夜的各個(gè)階段前At daybreak/s un rise/daw n/noon/dark/ ni ght/mid ni ghtAt/by/before

31、/after 4 olock但是 in the morning /afternoon/evening20. i n+書(shū)寫(xiě)工具或顏料時(shí)Please write in in k/red/black.但是 please write with a pen /pencil.參考材料21:a nd ,after ,by ,from連接對(duì)等的名詞時(shí)Day and ni ght day after day day by day shoulder to shoulder arm in arm face toface little by littleFrom beginning to end from time

32、to time from east to west from morning till night22:表示程度的形容詞最高級(jí)做表語(yǔ)時(shí)， 但是有比較范圍的用 theWe are busiest on Sunday.This book is most useful.Of all methods , this is the most effective.She is the younger of the two.23 :turn, go 做“變?yōu)椤背伞盀椤睍r(shí)，后面的名詞前不用冠詞He was a medical student before he turned writer.He has gone

33、 socialist.比較 ：He became a lawyer when he grew upHe turned lawyer when he grew up24 as ,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝句中 ， 名詞前不用冠詞Child as he is ,he knows a lot about computer.=though he is a child he knows a lot about computer.Professor as he is ,he is very modest. = Though he is a professor ,he is very modes

34、t. 25,在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中 ，名詞 +介詞+名詞的名詞前The man climbed in ,sword in hand.參考材料The old man stood there ,pipe in mouth.比較 ：He sat at the table ,pen in hand.He sat at the table ,a pen in his hand.參考材料He sat at the table ,with a pen in his hand.He sat at the table and a pen was in his hand.26:有些不可數(shù)名詞盡管有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞W

35、hat fine weather it is.It is great fun to watch a close match.Here is good n ews for you.He has made great progress in En glish.He got useful in formati on about computer.I wish you good luck in the evening.What good advice he gave us on how to lear n En glish.27 :在固定短語(yǔ)中，有時(shí)也不用冠詞At home at first at l

36、eastat prese ntat work at most at home and broad bymea ns ofcatch hold of catch sight of catch fire come into being come intoaction come into powercome into usedo justice to公平地對(duì)待， 公正地評(píng)判do damage todo good todo wrong to冤枉某人，對(duì)不起某人do harm tofor in sta neehave words within spite ofin n eed ofIn charge o

37、fIn search ofin time ofin place of 代替in adva neein publicinbus in ess in sile nee in cha ins上著鐐銬，在囚禁中,戴著鐐銬in com monin sight in參考材料dan gerin space in debtin high/low spiritsin doubt in favour of insurprise In groupsin time in height 在高度、身高上 in modern timesinorder in troublein use在使用著的，在用的參考材料formake

38、 use ofmake repairson sec ond thought(s)On timeon footonshow展出，展覽，在展出on dutyon sale out of breathout of sightout ofworkout of con trolout of doorspay atte nti on toput . i nto practice實(shí)施，實(shí)行set . on fire = set fire to使燃燒，點(diǎn)燃參考材料in other wordsin case leave wordmake friends withmake fun ofmake roomstarvetosta nd at atte ntionsend word shake handswith take medicinetakepride intake care oftake part inturn . intoreality word came that五：.有尢冠詞，意義不一樣1 at table在進(jìn)