高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題--附答案(共6頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上閱讀理解專項突破III詞義猜測【命題特點】考查根據(jù)上下文推測生詞和短語的能力,突出考查對語境的分析和把握的能力?！境Ｒ娍挤ā?. The underlined word “”probably means_.2. The word “”used in paragraph “”refers to/suggests_.3. The phrase “”in the sentence can be replaced by _.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “”?5. What is

2、 the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “”?6. By saying “”, we mean_.7. What do you think of the expression “”stands for?8. The meaning of word “”in the passage is related to_.一通過定義或解釋推測語義有些概念性生詞出現(xiàn)后，作者會給出它的定義、同位語、修飾性從句或是定語。這些修飾成分可以幫助我們推斷出生詞的語義（1）定義句的謂語動詞在文中多為：be, mean, deal with, be conside

3、red to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定義）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。） 等。（2）解釋則常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等詞語以及同位語和定語從句來提示下文將前面的信息加以重復(fù)或解釋。（3）有時作者會用復(fù)述的形式來解釋語義，而復(fù)述部分可以是詞、短語或從句。（4）還有下一些標點符號，如冒號、破折號、括號等都表示后文要繼續(xù)解

4、釋說明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (無法察覺的，感覺不到的)2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制）Exercises:1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no wor

5、ds are spoken. _默劇，啞劇_2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _人類學(xué)_3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. _門廳_4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（臉頰）. _胡須_5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machi

6、nes that they say will think like people. _人工智能_Test 1 There is no cure（治愈） for Alzheimers. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（癥狀）. 61. What is ARICEPT？ （C）A. A medicine to cure AlzheimersB. A medicine to delay signs of aging.C. A medicine to reduce

7、the symptoms of Alzheimers.D. A medicine to cure brain damage.Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces.（1）According to the passage, The Pines is a _. （D）A. place in which you can see many mo

8、bile homesB. mountain where you can get a good view of the valleyC. town which happens to be near the Banff National ParkD. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food二利用例證猜測語義某些閱讀文章為了證實或說明某一觀點，常會舉一些例子，而且時時會用一些標志性語言或標點符號來引出，如：括號、破折號、冒號等或諸如for example, for instance, such as, and so on

9、, just as, like, similarity 等連接詞或詞組。eg. 1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. _期刊_2. Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles. （幾何）Exercises:1. Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down

10、their weapons（武器） and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. _投降_2. Apply an antiseptic, such as alcohol（酒精）, on the skin. _殺菌劑_3. In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes h

11、ung with gifts. _裝飾物_Test The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices - deluxe sedans，minivans，station wagons，coaches，Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56 The words “deluxe sedans”，“minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refers to _. （C）A. cars i

12、n the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers三利用反義關(guān)系或同義關(guān)系推測語義（1）利用反義關(guān)系推測語義     有些生詞的后面往往會出現(xiàn)一個或幾個反義詞，或者表轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞，詞組等，抓住這些可以幫助我們推斷生詞語義。標志詞有 although, but, however, whereas（反之）,nevertheless（然而，不過），on the contrary, in contrast（相對）, on the one hand, on the other hand, for

13、one thing, for another, instead（of）, rather than 等。（2）利用同義關(guān)系推測語義通常情況下，英語忌諱實詞重復(fù)。避免重復(fù)的方法之一是利用同義詞或近義詞代替。同義詞替換的修飾方法可以為我們推測詞義提供明顯的語境線索。標志詞有：or, like, similarly等。eg.1. 104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism （樂觀主義） can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism

14、leads, by contrast（相反）, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. _悲觀主義_2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） loquacious. _多話的，嘮叨的Exercises:1. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck remains grubby. _骯臟的_2.

15、 Unlike the United States, where many different nationalities make up the population, Japans population is quite homogeneous. _同種的，相似的_3. Written language tends to be static, while spoken language constantly changes.靜態(tài)的，穩(wěn)定的4. He replied（答復(fù)） quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully

16、, he regretted（后悔） having made such a hasty decision. _匆忙的，輕率的_5. Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy（美味），we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked. _生的，未加工的_Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we knew that to wound an a

17、nimal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.（1）The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means_ （C）A. form        B. condition       C. pain       D. sadnessTest

18、 2 The hot-air balloon took off. It was buoyant in the air as a cork（軟木塞） in water.（2）The word “buoyant” in this sentence most probably means_. (C)A. able to be used                 B. able to move from one place to anot

19、herC. able to float or rise to the surface   D. able to carry anything四用語境猜測語義（1）利用“小”上下文推測詞義，即利用生詞附近的內(nèi)容推斷生詞詞義。如：I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give up easily. 堅決的，果斷的（2）利用“大”上下文推測詞義，即利用距離生詞較遠的內(nèi)容，如整個段落、篇章等來推斷。eg.  Zip was stopped during the war and only after the wa

20、r did it become popular. What a difference it has made to our lives! It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street. Big occasions a

21、re zipped, such as the coronation（加冕典禮） in 1953 and the opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by a “zip personality”. Perhaps

22、 we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zippedZip means   A. cinema. B. photography. C. television. D. telephone. (C)Exercises:1. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline. I was the first to get there and

23、sure that I could get the ticket without any problem.The underlined word “relieved” in the passage may best be replace by _. (B. 不確定)A. surprised     B. pleased      C. produced       D. sold2. Apple trees may not grow as tal

24、l as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.The underlined word “yielded” in the last sentence means_. （C）A. improved      B. increased    

25、60;  C. produced     D. soldTest These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices. Green building means, “reducing the impact of the building on the land”, Taryn

26、Holowka of the U.S. Green building council in Washington, D.C. said.61. In the second paragraph, the underlined phrase “the building” most probably refers to _. （A）A. an ordinary building            B. an energy-saving buildingC. a green-colored buil

27、ding        D. a building in Washington, D.C.五利用構(gòu)詞法猜測語義掌握前后綴規(guī)律， 如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前綴與-less等后綴可構(gòu)成反義詞；后綴-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改換詞性。而合成詞要在正確理解兩詞的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合上下文把握兩詞之間的關(guān)系，猜測詞義；而對詞義的轉(zhuǎn)化，也要求結(jié)合上下文來猜測。eg.1. Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensiv

28、e way of taking to the road (不貴的)2. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes “the two share little about their innermost feelings_內(nèi)心的_3. Impressionism （印象派，印象主義）is a form of art which began in the 1870s. When you look closely at an impressionist （印象派的）painting, you see little dots

29、 of different colored paints. When you move away from the picture, the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture. _Test Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families kno

30、wn to them? A form of favoritism will replace（代替） equality（公平）.（3）The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon(現(xiàn)象) that_B_.A. bright children also need certification to get satisfying（令人滿意的） jobsB. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobsC. poor children

31、 with certification（證書、資格） are favored in job marketsD. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.（得到成功）六因果關(guān)系猜測詞義常見的因果信號詞有：as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, since, consequently, so that, so/suchthat等。eg.  She wanted the hairdresser（發(fā)型師）to trim her hair a bit

32、because it was to long. (修剪，剪短)Exercises:1. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. _渾濁的2. He didnt hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV. 全神貫注的3. It rained, so the football match was postponed. _推遲_4. The young man was

33、 so bashful that he didnt speak to the pretty girl. _害羞的_七. 利用文化背景、生活常識猜測詞義運用邏輯推理能力，結(jié)合社會文化背景和自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識，再根據(jù)上下文推測。eg. 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws （爪子）for tearing（撕）, seizing（抓?。? pulling or holding objects（物

34、體）.2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither （枯萎）because of the cold weather. Exercises:1.The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop. _避免，避開_2. If a man feels very cold, he always huddles himself up. _蜷縮_3. What could John expect? He had left his wet swimming trun

35、ks（游泳褲） in the dark closet（柜子） for over a week. Of course they had begun to mildew. _發(fā)霉_4. A fish breathes in water with gills. _魚鰓_Test 1 Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.（1）The word “pillion” in this sentence probably means _（C）_.A. an ob

36、ject used for sleeping      B. a bay on which on can restC. a seat for second person on a motorcycle    D. a place for sittingTest 2 One of Britains bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected（嫌疑的） police Killer David Bieber and was thanked

37、with flowers by the police. It was also said she could be in line for a share of up to30,000 reward money. （2）The underlined phrase “be in line for” in paragraph 1 means _（A）_.A. get       B. be paid    C. ask for    D. own八熟詞生義猜測熟詞的陌生意義通常有

38、三種情況：（1）該熟詞在新的具體語境中有了和原來考生所熟悉的意義不同的意思；如：fire vt. 解雇 fine vt. 罰款 fall n. 秋天 stand vt. 忍受（2）考查一些代詞的指代現(xiàn)象；（3）新詞在新的語境中變換了詞性。eg.1.The major market force results in（在于） the growing population of white-collar （衣領(lǐng)）employees, who can afford the new service. （白領(lǐng)）2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 ye

39、ars ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? （描繪，想象）3. Many people work to keep animals from being killed. Some people help animals as part of their job, others do it just because they like animals. In this paragraph, the word “their” refers to _（A）_.A. some people   B. some

40、animals    C. many people   D. many animals思考：延伸到完形填空Things were very bad that particular winter. Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought, announcing that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless payments were brought up to date. I reme

41、mber that when she read the letter I became frightened. I could _41_ us starving（饑餓） to death and all sorts of things that could come to childs mind.41. A. suppose    B. picture    C. stand     D. regret （B）九實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練As you move around your home, take a g

42、ood look at the things you have. It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video, and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven. Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need. You almost certainly own a car and possibly a

43、home computer, holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week.Now, perhaps, more than ever before, people are wondering what life is all about, and what it is for. Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world. They feel that the long

44、-hours work culture to make more money to buy more things is eating up their lives, leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes. Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of them.Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year. One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz. They used to work in central London. He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank. They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs（郊區(qū)）, leaving their two childr