《系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)》教學(xué)資料 頭骨

1、.The Skull彭彭 興興 春春 Department of AnatomyHubei University of Medicine .1.1.掌握顱的組成，腦顱、面顱的劃分。掌握顱的組成，腦顱、面顱的劃分。2.2.掌握顱底內(nèi)面觀的主要結(jié)構(gòu)。掌握顱底內(nèi)面觀的主要結(jié)構(gòu)。3.3.掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形態(tài)特征。骨性鼻旁掌握眶、骨性鼻腔的形態(tài)特征。骨性鼻旁 竇的名稱、位置及開口。竇的名稱、位置及開口。4.4.掌握顱骨的常用骨性標(biāo)志：眉弓、顴弓、掌握顱骨的常用骨性標(biāo)志：眉弓、顴弓、 下頜角、舌骨、乳突、枕外隆突。下頜角、舌骨、乳突、枕外隆突。5.5.了解新生兒顱骨的特征及生后變化。了解新生兒顱骨的特征

2、及生后變化。目的要求目的要求.The skull The skull contains 23 bones .The skull is divided into two parts :cerebralcranium and facialCranium.( (一）一）The cranial skull The cerebral cranium consists of eight cranial bones . one frontal one ethmoid one sphenoid one occipital two parietal two temporal .(二）二）The facial c

3、ranium The facial cranium are fifteen in number. maxilla palatine paired zygomatic bones nasal lacrimal bones inferior nasal conchae vomer Unpaired mandible bones hyoid. 1. The mandible 2. The hyoidhead of mandibleangle of mandible.( (三）三）The whole view of the skullThe whole view of the skull 1.The

4、superior aspect of the skull coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture 2.The posterior aspect of the skull external occipital protuberance superior nuchal line. 3.The internal surface of the base of skull It is divided into three fossa. These are the anterior,the middle and the posterior crania

5、l fossa. . crista galli 雞冠雞冠 cribriform plat 篩板篩板 cribriform foramina 篩孔篩孔 (1) The anterior cranial fossa.(2) The middle cranial fossa hypophysial fossa 垂體窩垂體窩 optic canal anterior clinoid process前床突前床突 dorsum sellae 鞍背鞍背 superior orbital fissure眶上裂眶上裂 foramen lacerum 破裂孔破裂孔 foramen rotundum 圓孔圓孔 fo

6、ramen ovale 卵圓孔卵圓孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔棘孔 sulcus for middle meningeal artery 腦膜中動脈溝腦膜中動脈溝. foramen magnum 枕骨大孔枕骨大孔 hypoglossal canal舌下神經(jīng)管舌下神經(jīng)管jugular foramen頸靜脈孔頸靜脈孔 internal acoustic pore 內(nèi)耳門內(nèi)耳門(3) The posterior cranial fossa. 4.The external surface of the base of skull alveolar arch 牙槽弓牙槽弓 posterio

7、r nasal apertures鼻后孔鼻后孔 occipital condyle 枕髁枕髁 hypoglossal canal舌下神經(jīng)管外口舌下神經(jīng)管外口 jugular foramen頸靜脈孔頸靜脈孔 styloid process莖突莖突 stylomastoid foramen 莖乳孔莖乳孔. 5.The lateral view of skull pterygopalatine fossa翼腭窩翼腭窩 external acoustic pore外耳門外耳門 mastoid process乳突乳突 zygomatic arch temporal fossa顳窩顳窩 infratemp

8、oral fossa pterion 顳下窩顳下窩.硬膜外出血硬膜外出血翼點(diǎn)翼點(diǎn). 6.The front view of skull (1) the forehead superciliary arch眉弓眉弓 (2) the orbits 眶眶 orbital opening 底底 supraorbital foramen (notch)眶上孔眶上孔/切跡切跡 orbital apex尖尖:optic canal superior wall:lacrimal fossa淚腺窩淚腺窩 medial wall: lacrimal sac fossa淚囊窩淚囊窩, nasolacrimal canal inferior wall: inferior orbital fissure眶下裂眶下裂, inferior orbital foramen眶下孔眶下孔 lateral wall: superior orbital fissure眶上裂眶上裂. nasal septem 鼻中隔鼻中隔 superior middle conchae inferior superior middle meatus inferior sphenoethmoidal recess 蝶篩隱窩蝶篩隱窩(3) the bony nasal cavity. (4) the paranasal sinuses