金融專業(yè)英語及翻譯

1、Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性質(zhì)、意義等對立的、相反的”, 如:如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings.“真”與“假”有著相反的意思。Contrary指“兩物朝相反的方向發(fā)展”, 含有“互相沖突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine.你的計劃與我的相反。Inverse 顛倒的;倒數(shù)的Evil is the inverse of good.Reverse 反過來,翻轉(zhuǎn)He reversed the car.他倒車.教育類素質(zhì)教育 education for all-round deve

2、lopment應(yīng)試教育 the examination-oriented education義務(wù)教育 compulsory education片面追求升學(xué)率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students' entering school of a higher level高分低能 good scores but low qualities擴(kuò)招 expand enrollment教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people因材施教 teach students according to their

3、 aptitude提高身心素質(zhì) improve the health and psychological quality大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) the university students' innovative undertaking社會實(shí)踐 social practice文憑 diplomas and certificates復(fù)合型人才 interdisciplinary talents文化底蘊(yùn) the rich cultural deposits適應(yīng)社會的改變 adjust to the social changes滿足社會的急需 meet the urgent needs the soc

4、iety工作類人才流動和雙向選擇 talent flow and a dual-way selection試用期 probationary period跳槽 job-hopping自由職業(yè) freelance work拜金主義 money worship獲得名利 achieve fame and wealth充分發(fā)揮個人的潛力 develop fully one's potential and creativity工作出色 excel in one's work社會和個人的尊重 social and personal esteem生計問題 a bread and butter

5、issue人才交流 talents exchange培養(yǎng)人才 cultivate talents人才外流 brain drain失業(yè)問題 unemployment problems下崗職工 the laid-off workers自謀生路 be self-employed勞動力短缺 shortage of manpower醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生類衛(wèi)生環(huán)境 sanitary environment營養(yǎng)不良 malnutrition殺蟲劑 pesticide傳染病 infectious disease呼吸疾病 respiratory disease商業(yè)類假冒偽劣 forged and fake commodit

6、ies物美價廉 goods with high qualities low price售后服務(wù) after-sale service家用電器 household electrical appliances旺季 during peak selling seasons促銷 promote sales提高購買力 raise the purchasing power刺激購物欲 stimulate the desire to buy超前消費(fèi) premature consumption國有企業(yè) state-owned enterprise私人企業(yè) private enterprise偷稅漏稅 tax ev

7、asion保持時常良好的秩序 keep market in good order壟斷市場 monopolize the market社會道德類遵守公德 comply with public morality物質(zhì)和精神文明建設(shè) material and ideological progress守法 observe/obey the law遵守交規(guī) observe traffic regulations改進(jìn)社會風(fēng)氣 improve public morals違法 offend against the law侵犯個人隱私 invasion of privacy違反公共規(guī)章 break/violate

8、 public regulations擾亂治安 disturb the social order要求索賠 claim compensation應(yīng)該受法律嚴(yán)懲 deserve to be punished heavily by the law環(huán)保類生態(tài)系統(tǒng) ecosystem環(huán)保意識 environmental awareness生態(tài)失衡 disruption of ecological balance全球變暖 global warming溫室效應(yīng) greenhouse effect沙塵暴 sand/dust storms淡水資源短缺 shortage of fresh waterdownsiz

9、ing減員*streamline精簡*on the job/in-service在職*disposable一次性*think tank智囊團(tuán)*round the clock service全天候服務(wù)*(free convertibility(自由兌換*find a sugar daddy傍大款*Nordic北歐*non-renewable不可再生*out and out徹頭徹尾*deadlock僵局*tertiary industry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)*fair (market value市值*refund退款*axis-of-evil邪惡軸心*(nuclear nonproliferation核不擴(kuò)散

10、*holistic整體的*one-off一次性(解決的;一攬子的*turnkey總承包的;現(xiàn)成可使用的*in-house自有的;(in-house finance company *round-up匯總?*overseas returnee海歸*framework accord框架協(xié)議*WTO accession加入WTO*non-exclusive license非專用特許*royalty free無版權(quán)費(fèi)的*sublicense轉(zhuǎn)授權(quán);轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)許可證*creature comforts衣食*recapitalization資產(chǎn)重組*RPI(Retail Price Index零售物價指數(shù)*ov

11、erriding concern高于一切的考慮*Lanyard系索*copyright著作權(quán)*royalty版權(quán)*compliance合規(guī)性*extension展期*co-lead underwriter副主承銷商*Advisory Board咨詢委員會*Board of Councillors理事會*entrepreneur創(chuàng)業(yè)者*upmarket高端的*attorney general首席檢察官*upscale高端的*clientele客戶群*self starter白手起家人*down round籌資首輪*mass market vs. submarket總的市場/次級市場(比如根據(jù)某個

12、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分的客戶群*letter/power of attorney委任書*market clout市場影響(?*rehaul (a business重組;*sell-back (與buy-out相對*monograph專題(論述*verbatim逐字逐句的說法(比如銷售“定式”用語*Liquidity Trap流動性陷阱(寧愿把資金存放于銀行拿取零利息的回報,也不愿再投資賠了*many a little makes a mickle集腋成裘*reservist后備兵*at eleventh hours關(guān)鍵時刻*misnomer用詞不當(dāng)*payoff收益*outperform超過*bailout解

13、決;救援(for instance, the bailout from IMF for South Korea and other SE Asian countries after financial crisis*honor of N/R (notes receivable/dishonor到期兌現(xiàn)*political cronies政府人員辦的關(guān)聯(lián)企業(yè)*value-based pricing價值導(dǎo)向定價法(區(qū)別于cost-based pricing,指能為客戶帶來多少價值來確定價格,而不是消耗了多少成本,比如飛機(jī)票*clearinghouse like exchange(交換場所*valu

14、e of synergy企業(yè)兼并之后帶來的利益*post-investment values(注意post的用法*techie做技術(shù)的人(與salesman相對*on-target專注于最終目標(biāo)的*optimum最適宜的*overhead還有一個意思是“投影”,類似powerpoint*in line與預(yù)期相符的*YTD (year-to-date從Jan 1到目前的時間*scorched earth焦土政策*economies of scope范圍經(jīng)濟(jì)(與economies of scale相比*toehold小支點(diǎn),起點(diǎn)*industry observer行業(yè)觀察家*networking商

15、業(yè)構(gòu)建私人關(guān)系網(wǎng)*conference backdrop會議背景幕*trade-up升級*ease of maintenance/repair維修的容易度*cap(金額最高限度;upper limit*lifetime(債券等的存期*double dip recession二次蕭條(特指本次美國經(jīng)濟(jì)泡沫破滅后,還將面臨的進(jìn)一步衰退 *fringe benefits附加福利(除國家規(guī)定外的*annual leave年假*call to order宣布開會;要求遵守秩序*second the motion附議*motion carried動議通過*window dressing粉飾*end-sta

16、te最終狀態(tài)*scrap廢品(與rework相對*disagrregate分解*solidity可*性*MIS (management information system管理信息系統(tǒng)*in due course稍后*7-11便利店*numerator/denominator分子/分母*winding-up結(jié)算;停業(yè)*subsidiary/member companies下屬公司*coach大客車*OEM/aftermarket parts汽車業(yè)的前/后配件*assembly plant汽車整車廠*elevated rail輕軌*honorary名譽(yù)*deputy magistrate副區(qū)長(

17、虹口*size up估計*offer . Advancement over比。更高的優(yōu)勢*litmus test試金石*money order匯票*Actuary精算師*vignette /vi'njet/裝飾圖;花邊文字*China Resources香港華潤集團(tuán)*stagflation通脹*downplay不予重視*supranational (institution跨國組織,如World Bank*private banking私人銀行(為其理財,通常針對大額儲戶*captive finance company為大公司自有的金融公司*forward contract遠(yuǎn)期合約(與期

18、貨的不同在于:1。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;2.在OTC上交易,而不是交易所;3.保證金;4.期貨需每日結(jié)算,以控制頭寸;*spot price(期貨中現(xiàn)價*treasury secretary財長*rundown綱要*passbook銀行存折*property & Casualty company對應(yīng)于life company(人壽保險公司而言*floor最低值,保底值*investment grade;noninvestment grade (junk bond 中等到高等credit rating的stock或bond(BBB以上*crowding out effect指政府增加expenditu

19、re之后造成利率上升、private investment反而減少的情況。*bank run擠兌*velocity (of money貨幣周轉(zhuǎn)率(=GDP/money supply*quantity theory of money貨幣數(shù)量理論(指Velocity和output保持不變,因此money supply與price成反比*escalator clauses自動調(diào)整條款(根據(jù)物價水平對wages等進(jìn)行調(diào)整*ceilings/floors上限/下限*tax incidence租稅歸宿(指由consumer還是supplier承擔(dān),有actural和statutory之分*deadweig

20、ht loss無謂損失*elastic伸縮度,(指demand和supply對price的敏感程度,越elastic,說明price的微小變動就能引起suppply/demand的巨大變動 The general formula for elasticity is: E = percent change in x / percent change in y*marginal utility邊際效用*economic profit超額利潤(accounting profit超出opportunity cost的那部分,在pure competitive market中,長期超額利潤為零,即zer

21、o economic profit*cold call陌生電訪(向推銷員,找工作的人的撞大運(yùn)式地亂打電話*brown field investment即外資購買或租賃現(xiàn)有廠房進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)*shelf registration總括申報; 暫擱註冊制度*fourth market指投資者直接交換股票*third market在OTC交易交易所上市股票*basis point(bips基本點(diǎn),相對于0.01%*style box(基金中指某類基金,如成長型大市值基金*indenture/deed of trust債券契約*fast moving consumer goods快速消費(fèi)品*Heavy Veh

22、icle Technologies and Systems Group (HVTSG Dana的一個新部門*Roadranger Dana和Eaton的供應(yīng)商(技術(shù)?*powertrain動力傳動系列(驅(qū)動軸、離合器、變速箱、差速器*victor reinz division Dana的一個部門*actuator作動器*torque converter變矩器*aftermarket(汽車用零配件零售市場;在證券市場中相當(dāng)于secondary market *named/unnamed sources有/無來源的消息*China National Investment & Guarant

23、y Corp. (I&G中國經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)投資擔(dān)保公司(簡稱中投保*草袋*wiring harness固化在(汽車上的電線*muffler消音器*sub assembly次組合件(注:assembly在配件中的含義為組合件的意思 *gear case齒輪箱*exhaust tube排氣管*sprocket鏈齒輪*lifter升降機(jī)*brake lever手閘;剎車桿*ATV(all terrain vehicle 全地形車*idler pulley空轉(zhuǎn)輪;惰輪*worm gear渦輪*rear drive后輪驅(qū)動*Dinli杭州鼎力機(jī)械有限公司*FF式 Front engine front

24、drive(前置引擎,前輪驅(qū)動*FR式 Front engine rear drive (前置引擎,后輪驅(qū)動*mesh嚙合*universal joint萬向接頭*four-wheel drive四輪驅(qū)動*radiator*wheel rim鋼圈*halogen鹵素*wheel base輪距*memorandum of association公司組織大綱*certificate of good standing公司狀況良好證明書;資信狀;信任狀*rent seeking尋租*unencumbered assets無負(fù)擔(dān)資產(chǎn)*fixture固定裝置*trade name商號;廠商名稱*promi

25、ssory note本票;期票*line of credit; credit line; bank line信用額度*franchise特許*replication大批量生產(chǎn)*credit division信貸部*OEM financial arm OEM的金融機(jī)構(gòu)*model車型(用于汽車業(yè)*OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer(在商業(yè)中指與分銷機(jī)構(gòu)相對的廠商;從別處獲得零件進(jìn)行組合生產(chǎn)最終產(chǎn)品的廠商 *trade up(慫恿買更貴的東西*holdback rebate(回扣*indemnification補(bǔ)償*non-exclusive非獨(dú)家的;一般的(e

26、xclusive為獨(dú)家*standing常務(wù)*letter of engagement工作關(guān)系證明*earn out收益外購法 (一種取決于公司既得收益的資產(chǎn)購置法,它允許個人目前只支付所購股票一半的成本,其余部分5年內(nèi)付清。*Elopak一家挪威的食品公司,與Wayne Smith有來往*deal sweetener改善交易的措施*downstream product下游產(chǎn)品*psi Pounds per square inch(每平方英寸磅*delivery firm (courier service快遞公司*print (of a product, e.g., rider圖紙*SKU s

27、tock keeping unit (庫存單位;即指單一貨品,比如超市中擺在貨架上的某個特定產(chǎn)品*drivetrain動力傳動系列(驅(qū)動軸、離合器、變速箱、差速器*nomenclature命名法parking brake停車閘*downshift; upshift調(diào)高/低檔*shift lever變速桿*tridem六輪的(與tandem對比*assembly總成?*undisclosed sum未披露的金額*Eurobond歐元債券*turnaround回轉(zhuǎn)*rocker arm搖臂*clearance間距*cross country vehicle (CCV越野車*fuel efficie

28、ncy/economy燃油效率(每加侖汽油英里數(shù)gas mile standard*hybrid car汽油、電動混合型車*fuel cell電池型車*extraordinary items非常項目*unusual expense (income非常規(guī)費(fèi)用(收入*minority interest少數(shù)股權(quán)*equity in affiliates附屬公司權(quán)益*discontinued operations停止經(jīng)營部分補(bǔ)償費(fèi)用(與continuing operations比較*diluted EPS調(diào)整后/攤薄每股收益(指凈利潤除以年末普通股數(shù),而(加權(quán)每股收益則是指凈利潤除以年內(nèi)的加權(quán)股數(shù);攤

29、薄一般比加權(quán)收益低,但在回購情況下反而高。*amortization攤銷*Mkt Cap總市值*52-wk range 52周價格波動范圍*capital lease obligations資本性租賃下長期債務(wù)*debt vs liabilities債務(wù)/負(fù)債*intermodal聯(lián)運(yùn)的(各種交通方式混合的*Pacific rim太平洋周邊地區(qū)*non-core assets非核心資產(chǎn)*BOT build-operate-transfer (項目融資;國內(nèi)成為特許權(quán)融資方式*Concession Agreement特許權(quán)協(xié)議*freight forwarder貨運(yùn)公司*legal procee

30、dings法律事項*wire fence絲網(wǎng)欄桿*Stern Stewart思騰思特公司*MVA市場增加值(比較EVA*TQM全面質(zhì)量管理total quality management*contra account抵消科目*uncollectible account (bad debt, bad loan壞帳*allowance for doubtful accounts, provision for bad debts壞帳準(zhǔn)備*salvage (residual value殘值*accumulated depreciation累計折舊*accrued expenses應(yīng)付費(fèi)用(注意與acc

31、ounts payable的不同*retained earnings (also called earned surplus or accumulated earnings or unappropriated profit 保留盈余(又稱未分配盈余、盈余公積、累計盈余或保留凈利Earnings not paid out as dividends but instead reinvested in the core business or used to pay off debt.*deferred tax遞延稅項(指因為采取不同會計原則而造成實(shí)際應(yīng)稅所得和會計利潤不等的情況,最常見的情況就是根

32、據(jù)稅法采取加速折舊法,而為了報表好看又采用直線折舊法,這樣造成的稅差就作為負(fù)債出現(xiàn)。也可以出現(xiàn)在凈利潤增加、所有制權(quán)益項目下。*Accrual Basis權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制*General Ledger總分類帳*Subsidiary Ledger明細(xì)分類帳*full disclosure全面披露*Allowance method備抵法*write-off/-up/-down對資產(chǎn)的記賬方法,off是指將assets value記為expense,up和down是指增加或減少資產(chǎn)價值*Consignment寄銷*Inventory overages存貨盈余(與shortage對比*Premium on

33、bonds債券溢價(discount折價*Construction-in-process在建工程*Units-of-production method (UOP工作量法(計算折舊的一種方法*Contingency或有事項*loss/profit contingency或有損失(或有利得*additional paid-in capital;Capital surplus;Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par; Premium on Common stock 資本公積(是相對于capital stock,即按面值計算的股價與實(shí)際發(fā)行額之間的差值*Unrealized

34、holding gains or losses未實(shí)現(xiàn)的資產(chǎn)持有損益(即手中的股票的購買價與市價的差額*consolidated financial statements合并財務(wù)報表*deferred income tax liabilities遞延所得稅負(fù)債(指某些所得稅需要在日后支付*contingent liabilities或有負(fù)債(like potential legal claims, debt guarantees*refund退款*operating income營業(yè)收入(相當(dāng)于EBIT: earnings before interest payments and income

35、tax; also called operating profit*sales revenue主營收入*advance預(yù)付款*write down(資產(chǎn)賬面價值降低*net of tax扣除稅的*hedging套期保值*common size statement共同比分析(以百分比來顯示報表*treasury share是涉及到diluted common stock的一種算法*credit line信用額度*working capital營運(yùn)資金(等于現(xiàn)有資產(chǎn)減去現(xiàn)有負(fù)債; working capital cycle管理,等于是對working capital 的各個方面,即存貨、A/R,A

36、/P等加以管理。Working capital ratio = (Inventory+A/P-A/R/sales. *upfront預(yù)付的,先期的*tax deductibility避稅*factoring應(yīng)收賬款管理服務(wù)(有點(diǎn)類似L/C,保證銷售方收到貨款factor即代理人。*credit insurance信用保險(與factoring對比*"securitization證券化(有financing securitization和assets兩種,前者即指直接發(fā)行債券等;后者相當(dāng)于利用資產(chǎn)作抵押,置換成證券對于assets securitization來說,If the ass

37、et only plays as a pledge and the payment source is still the whole business, then the cr*private label借助于其他(商鋪現(xiàn)成的服務(wù)/部件,打出自己的品牌;也可以采用co-branding的形式,即放棄自己的品牌,與合作方共用一個品牌;比如軟件業(yè)中借助某個公用的東西,再自己定制一下,貼個牌就成了自己的產(chǎn)品,類似于OEM*off-balance sheet表外處理*revolver (revolving credit facilities滾動借貸*term loan; term credit fa

38、cility見上*floor plan financing為某種特定產(chǎn)品而融資*in-house counsel internal counsel,公司自有律師*reorganization重組(POR,重組計劃*fluid seal流體密封*steering shafts轉(zhuǎn)向軸*mixer混凝土攪拌車(heavy-duty vehicle的一種*pinion小齒輪*housing外殼;殼體*leading time訂貨到交貨的時間;加工準(zhǔn)備時間*inbound/outbound向內(nèi)/外出的*module比chassis低一級的總成,比product高一級*speed to market推想市

39、場速度*suspension懸架*LIBOR London InterBank Offered Rate(倫敦同業(yè)拆放利率,作為基本的利率,通常再加上一定百分比*ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan員工持股計劃(類似于MBO,不同之處在于是員工收購*equity carve-out切股 Sometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent company sells a minority (usually 20% or less stake in a subsidiary

40、for an IPO or rights offering.*asset-backed securities (ABS資產(chǎn)抵押證券*loan originator(sponsor?*recourse追索權(quán)*floating rate浮動利率*marketability流動性(變現(xiàn)性?*zero-coupon bond零息債券*junk bond; high-yield bond夾層債券(在LBO中的含義;高收益/垃圾債券*reserve ratios(銀行的準(zhǔn)備金率*underwriting income保險收入*bridge financing短期融資(temporary funds loaned until permanent debt financing is completed*Money Mark