初中形容詞、副詞比較級與最高級用法

1、回顧:原級的構(gòu)成和用法l 構(gòu)成:形容詞,副詞的原級形式是形容詞2 用法:表示雙方在程度, 性質(zhì), 特征等某方面相等時, 用 " as 十原級形容詞或副詞十 as"的結(jié)構(gòu);表示雙方不相等時,用 " not so (as十原級形容詞或副詞十 as"的結(jié)構(gòu);表示一方是另一方的若干倍時, 用 " 倍數(shù)十 as十原級形容詞或副詞十 as"的結(jié)構(gòu). e.g. Ms. Sun speaks English as fluently as you.This building looks not so (as high as that one.This

2、room is three times as large as that one.1. 比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成1 加 -er,-est 構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。單音節(jié)形容詞和副詞 以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾的High higher highest safe safer safestHard harder hardest late later latestsmall-smaller-smallest large-larger-largestnew-newer-newest nice-nicer-nicest輔音字母要雙寫的情況 以輔音加 -y 結(jié)尾的情況Big bigger biggest dry dri

3、er driestHot hotter hottest merry merrier merriest Thin thinner thinnest easy easier easiest1. 寫出以下各形容詞的比較級和最高級:1. nice _ 2. fat _3. slow _ 4. dry _5. happy _ 6. wet _7. thin _ 8. far _9. early _ 10. careful_15. exciting _ 16. busy _2. 根據(jù)句意,用所括號內(nèi)所級形容詞的比較等級形式填空:1. Mr. Smith is _ _ man in this office.

4、 (rich2. Winter is _ _ season of the years. (cold3. This radio is not so _ _ as that one. (cheap4. It is much _ _ today than yesterday. (hot5. She is a little _ _ than her classmates. (careful6. _ _ people came to the meeting than last time. (many7. Which book is _ _, this one or that one? (easy8. M

5、y room is _ _ than yours. (small9. Hainan is _ _ from Beijing than Hunan. (far10. Skating is _ _ than swimming. (exciting11. Jim is _ _ than all the others. (honest12. The higher you climb, the _ _ it will be. (cold13.There are _ _ boys than girls in our class. (few2 加 more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級多音節(jié)的形容詞 由形容

6、詞加 -ly 構(gòu)成的副詞 Expensive more expensive most expensive slowly more slowly most slowlyCarefully more carefully most carefully highly more highly most highly以 -ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive, -ing等結(jié)尾的雙元音形容詞Useless more useless most uselessSerious more serious most serious分詞形容詞 tired,pleased 及 glad,often,real

7、, right,wrong等單音節(jié)形容詞。Tired more tired most tiredGlad more glad most glad小練習:寫出下列形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級形式:long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _brightly_ -_ far_ _quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_7. Things are getting _ and _. (bad3下列形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級可有兩種構(gòu)成方法.cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruelo

8、ften oftener oftenest more often most oftenstrict stricter strictest more strict most strictfriendly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly4 形容詞。副詞的比較級和最高級的不規(guī)則構(gòu)成法Good/well better bestBad/ill/badly worse worstMany/much more mostLittle less leastFar farther/further farthest/furthestOld old

9、er/elder oldest/eldest小練習 :1. much _ 2 ill _3. little _ 4. bad _用所給詞的正確形式填空:1. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive2. Gold(黃金 is _ (little useful than iron(鐵 .3. My sister is two years _ (old than I.4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young child.5. She will be much _ (ha

10、ppy in her new house.6. The short one is by far _ (expensive of the five.7. The boy is not so _ (interesting as his brother.8. Dick sings _ (well, she sings _(well than John, but Mary sings_(well in her class.2 比較級的表示法:主語 +be+比較級 +than主語 +謂語 +比較級 +than1 不同主語的比較,雙方比較,表示一方超過另一方時,用 " 比較級十 than&quo

11、t; 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示He is two years younger than I.表示一方不及另一方時,用 " less十原級十 than" 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示This room is less beautiful than that one2 同一主語不同方面的比較She is now happier than she has ever been用于修飾比較級的詞:even, (very much, far, a lot, still, yet. a bit, a little, still , much , yet , by far注意:by far通常用于強調(diào)最高級.用于比較級時

12、,一般放在比較級的后面,如在前面,應(yīng) 在二者中間加 " the".如He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量,可在比較級前加上上述表示程度的副詞,以加強語氣。 He works even harder than before.4某些以一 or 結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時,用 to 代替 than . (這些詞有 inferior in'firi 低 人一等的 | 下等的 | 下級的, superior sju:'

13、piri上級的;優(yōu)秀的,出眾的;高傲的, junior (下級的,年少的 , senior (年長的,高級的 , prior (較早的,在先的等. Junior school小學, senior school中學例如:He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics5 在比較從句中為了避免重復, 我們通常用 that(those, one(ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。 that指物, one 既可指人,也可指物. that 可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞,而 one 只能代替 可數(shù)名詞 . 例如:The book on the table is more int

14、eresting than that on the desk.A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.小練習:1. 本書跟那本書一樣有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one.2. 你游泳沒有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother.3. 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday.4. 對這個故事我比另一個喜歡的多。This story is _ _ _ than that one.5. 他比我大兩歲。He is _ _ _ than

15、 I.6. 這個故事不如那個有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one.7. 她的身體狀況一天天好起來。He is getting _ _ _ every day.8. 他對英語越來越感興趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English.9. 他吃的越多,人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets.10. 你的問題是兩個中比較難的那個。Your question is _ _ _ of two二, as, little, few, elder等在比較級中的用法。as 用于比較級1 。 As +形容詞或副詞原級 +as

16、Tom is as tall as Mike.2 as +形容詞原形 +A+名詞 +asHe is as good a student as you.3 倍數(shù) +as+形容詞或副詞原級 +asThis room is three times as large as that one.提到倍數(shù)用法,補充:表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:1 A is three(four, etc times as big(high, long , wide , etc . as B.例如:Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亞洲是歐洲的四倍大. (亞洲比歐洲大三倍. 2

17、A is three(four, ete times the size(height, length , width , ete of B.例如; The new building is four times the size( the height of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大 (四倍高 。 (這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍 高三倍 .3 A is three(four, etc . times bigger ( higher, longer , wider , etc . than B.例如: Your school is three times bigger tha

18、n ours,你們的學校比我們的學校大三倍. (你們的學 校是我們學校的四倍大. 用 times 表示倍數(shù), 一般只限于表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)三倍或三倍以上的數(shù). 表示兩倍可以 用 twice 或 doublelittle/few和 many/much的比較級和最高級以及用法1 little less least 修飾不可數(shù)名詞2 few fewer fewest 修飾可數(shù)復數(shù)名詞3 much more most 修飾不可數(shù)名詞4 many more most 修飾可數(shù)復數(shù)名詞If you want to be thinner and healthier, you d better eat less

19、 food and take more exercise.3.a bit, a little, not a bit, not a little的用法1 the +比較級 +主謂, the+比較級 +主謂:越。 。 。越。 。 。The harder he works, the happier he feels.2 比較級 +and+比較級:越來越。 。 。The weather is getting colder and colder.4. elder的用法1不能單獨用作表語,因為 elder 不是真正意義上的比較級My sister is older( than me. My sister

20、is elder(than me2 描述家庭人員出生的先后She is the older of the two.他是姐妹中較大的一個。三.形容詞和副詞最高級的用法, most/mostly/almost/at most 的含義1. 形容詞和副詞最高級的用法三者或三者以上的比較用最高級。表示最高程度時,用“ the+最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。最高 級中表示比較范圍的常用 among, in, of 引導的介詞短語或從句表示。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.She is one of the most beautiful girls in our s

21、chool.He works (the hardest in his class.2. 用于修飾最高級的詞最高級可以被序數(shù)詞以及 much, by far, nearly, almost by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like 等詞語所修飾 . 例如:This hat is by far /much /nearly /almost /not nearly /by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest in China.3. 由 ing 分詞和 ed 分詞演變過來的形容詞 (包括不規(guī)則動詞如 knowknown 只能加 more 或 most 來表示它們的比較級和最高級more(most striking, more(most interesting, more(most wounded, more(mostworn等。4 表示 最高程度 的形容詞，如 excellent，extreme，perfect 等，沒有最高級，也不能用比 表示"最高程度 的形容詞， 最高程度"的形容詞