初中賓語從句詳細(xì)講解教師版

1、學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考賓語從句一、定義：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。在復(fù)合句中賓語從句作主句中謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語。在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語，如：I know the man.而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語，如：I know that the man is a policeman.主句引導(dǎo)詞從句賓語從句三大塊 :1. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞（從屬連接詞和連接代詞） ； 2. 賓語從句的語序；3. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）從屬連接詞thatWhether/if連接詞連 接 代What詞Whichwhowhomwhose連 接 副Where詞W

2、henWhyHow作用只起連接作用起連接作用連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分連接 +從句中做成分有無意義在從句中所做成分無無有（表示是否）無什么（指物）主，賓，表哪一個(gè)（指物）主，賓，表誰（指人主格）主，表誰（指人賓格）賓誰的（指人所有格）定地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)間狀語原因狀語方式狀語1.陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that 引導(dǎo)， that 無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy老.師說我是個(gè)好男孩。She does

3、n t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if 或 whether 引導(dǎo)，意為 “是否 ”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student?I don t know學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考I don t know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early

4、?注意：只能用whether 不用 if 的三種情況?一般情況下， if 和 whether 可以互換，但以下3 種情況只能用 whether：? 與 or not 連用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.Let me know whether you can come or not.? 在介詞之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings? 在不定式之前：We haven t decided whether to go t

5、here.I don t know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：1.What is she doing?Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives? .賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序句式連詞語序例句陳述句That不變I think that we can be good friends.一般疑問句if/whether改為陳述語I

6、 can t remember if I posted the letter.序特殊疑問句改為陳述語特殊疑問詞序Can you tell me what she is doing?注意事項(xiàng) :(一)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who 作主語時(shí)，語序不變：Whats wrong?What s the matter?Whats happening?eg:I don t know whats the matter.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考Can you tell me who is over there? .賓語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)要相互呼應(yīng)1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從

7、句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來確定，可以是 _任何 _時(shí)態(tài)。I don t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we ll go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的 _過去 _時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)， 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)） 。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S

8、. soon.特殊情況 ：1.從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象、名言時(shí)，仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍然用一般過去時(shí)。The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 即學(xué)即練 子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1) These flowers are f

9、rom Guangdong. He said.He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn t know.Jack didn t know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can

10、 they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Wh

11、o knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don t know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does

12、 he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street.12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _friedchicken.

13、15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know.I dont know _the watch _ made in Shanghai.單項(xiàng)選擇1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案： Dhope 后面應(yīng)該接 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句， that 在句中沒有任何意義，可以省略。2) I don t know _ Mr.Green will come to see us. He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.

14、where答案： A從下文的答語看，上文不知道的應(yīng)該是“來看我們的原因 ”。3)I can t remember _ I have seen him before.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案： A本句表達(dá)一種不確定的概念，用whether 或 if 。4) Do you know _？ I m going to see him. Sorry，I don t know.A.where does Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived

15、答案： C 賓語從句要用陳述語氣，排除 A 、B 兩項(xiàng)。從句意判斷問的是 “現(xiàn)在住哪兒？ ”。 5) Where do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea.A. ； boughtB.has；boughtC.did； buyD.does； buy答案： Ado you think 是插入語，可以把它去掉，分析句意應(yīng)該用應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)和陳述語序。6)I can t understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案： C句意為 “我不理

16、解為什么他那么喜歡電腦游戲”。7)(2010 北京中考大綱卷 ) Do you know _ the MP3 player last week? Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案： C賓語從句要用陳述語序，由此排除A 、 B 兩項(xiàng)，由 last week 判斷應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)態(tài)。8)(2010 北京中考大綱卷 )I don t know _ tomorrow.Can youl me

17、?telA.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案： C由 tomorrow 判斷，應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)態(tài)表示。經(jīng)典例題例 1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved MyCheesewasan interesting book.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if思路解析： 注意本句中斜體部分是一本書的名字誰動(dòng)了我的奶酪，本句含義是 “一個(gè)讀者問書店管理員這本書是不是有趣”。所以答案是 D 項(xiàng)。答案： D學(xué)

18、習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考黑色陷阱： 本題的主要陷阱是書名Who Moved My Cheese，它本身含有一個(gè) who,容易給人造成誤解。綠色通道： 在英語中，注意書名一般都是斜體的，且書名的首字母是大寫的，注意把它看成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完整的東西。例 2 I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that howB.how thatC.when thatD.that when思路解析：注意后面從句的含義是 “比爾 蓋茨十三歲的時(shí)候開始玩電腦”，應(yīng)該用 when 表示 “當(dāng) 時(shí) ”，本句中的

19、that 是賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所以選D 項(xiàng)。答案： D黑色陷阱： 本句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，主要陷阱設(shè)置在when 上，它在本句中起到引導(dǎo)后面的時(shí)間狀語的作用。綠色通道： 做此類題，要慢慢理順?biāo)悸罚灰@牛角尖，當(dāng)一種含義說不通時(shí)，從另一個(gè)角度或另一個(gè)含義考慮。例 3 (2010 江蘇蘇州中考 ) I wonder _. Zebras.A.what do they call these animalsB.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animalsD.how do they call these animals思路解析： 本句含義是 “我想知道他們叫這些動(dòng)物什么