初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)詳解版

1、初一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法1、名詞A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：）在后面力口 s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,三）1）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es如：baby-babies,2 ）以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的直接力口 So 如：day-days, boy-boys

2、, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以。結(jié)尾加s （外來(lái)詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加 。的加es ：如：tomatoes西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變f 為 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people,pan

3、ts, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves,clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police 警察局，警察, class 班，同學(xué) , family 家，家庭成員九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如： action movie-action movies,pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：mandoctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish 魚(yú) fishes

4、魚(yú)的種類(lèi), paper 紙 papers 報(bào)紙，卷子，論文 , work 工作 works 作品，工廠, glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光線 lights 燈 , people 人 peoples 民族 , time 時(shí)間 times 時(shí)代 , 次 數(shù) , chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞H一）單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或'So如：Is （I ' s）, Ks （K' s）。但如是縮略詞則只加 s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：child-chi

5、ldren,man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加's。如：brother ' s, Mike ' s, teacher ' s二） 復(fù)數(shù)以 s 結(jié)尾的直接在s 后加， 如果不是以s 結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如： Teachers Day教師節(jié)，classmates ' ; Children ' s Day六一節(jié)，Women

6、' s Day 三八節(jié)三）由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè) s,但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben s room 邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike s and Ben s rooms 邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項(xiàng)目人稱(chēng)代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱(chēng)主格賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)I復(fù)數(shù)wemeusmy mine our oursmyselfourselves第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)sheherher her

7、sherselfhe himhis hishimselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動(dòng)詞A） 第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s,如下:) 般在詞后力口so 如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 eso 如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾白變y為

8、i再力口 es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的直接加 s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以。結(jié)尾力口 es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-wa

9、tching, go-going, do-doing二） 以不發(fā)音e 的結(jié)尾的去掉e 再加 ing 。 如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母一個(gè)輔音字母（注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show-showing, draw-drawing ）要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再力口ing 。如：put-putting, run-running,get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 結(jié)尾的變

10、ie 為 y 再加 ing 。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級(jí)我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：1） 一般在詞后加er 或 est（ 如果是以e 結(jié)尾則直接加r 或 st） 。如： greater-greatest,shorter - shortest, taller - tallest, longer - longest, nicer- nicest, larger-largest2） 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1 個(gè)元音字母1 個(gè)輔音字母（字母組合除外，如 few-fewer fewest）結(jié)尾的雙

11、寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est 。如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest,hot-hotter hottest3） 以輔音字母y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 加 er/est 。 如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorriersorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendly most friendly）, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：（ 兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn)）good/well - better be

12、st many/much - more mostbad/ill - worse worstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthestth ； y 結(jié)seventh,5、數(shù)詞( 基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接尾， 變?yōu)?i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentie

13、th, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法句式1. 陳述句肯定陳述句a) This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)b) He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)c) I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be 結(jié)構(gòu) )否定陳述句a) These aren t their books. b) They don t look nice.c)

14、Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can t find her doll.f) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let s learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry.3. 疑問(wèn)句1) 一般疑問(wèn)句a) Is Jim a student b) Can I help you c) Does s

15、he like saladd) Do they watch TV e) Is she reading肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes,she is.否定回答: a) No, he isn t. b) No, you can t. c) No, she doesn t. d) No, they don t.e) No, she isn t.2) 選擇疑問(wèn)句Is the table big or small回答 It s big./ It s small.3) 特殊疑問(wèn)句

16、問(wèn)年齡How old is Lucy She is twelve. 問(wèn)種類(lèi)What kind of movies do you like Ilikeaction movies and comedies. 問(wèn)身體狀況How is your uncle He is well/fine. 問(wèn)方式How do/can you spell it L-doubleO-K. 問(wèn)原因Why do you want to join the club 問(wèn)時(shí)間What s the time (=What time is it) It s a quarter to ten .What time do you usua

17、lly get up, Rick At five o clock.When do you want to go Let s go at 7:00. 問(wèn)地方Where s my backpack It s under the table.問(wèn)顏色 What color are they They are light blue.s black.What s your favourite color It 問(wèn)人物Who s that It s my sister.Who is the boy in blue My brother.Who isn t at school Peter and Emma.W

18、ho are Lisa and Tim talking to 問(wèn)東西What s this/that （in English） It s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問(wèn)姓名What s your aunt s name Her name is Helen./She s Helen.What s your first name My first name s Ben.What s your family name

19、 My family name s Smith.12 問(wèn)哪一個(gè)Which do you like I like one in the box.13 問(wèn)字母 What letter is it It s big D/small f.14 問(wèn)價(jià)格 How much are these pants They re 15 dollars.15 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼What s your phone number It s 576-8349.16 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)（ 動(dòng)作） What s he doing He s watching TV.17 問(wèn)職業(yè)（ 身份） What do you do I m a teacher.W

20、hat s your father He s a doctor.三、初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：Be 動(dòng)詞：She s a worker. Is she a worker She isn t a worker.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano I can t play the piano.行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat sometomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes They don twant to eat an

21、y tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch Gina doesn t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth+ 其它 .I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball I m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music They aren t listening to the pop music.四、初一英