小學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)語法總結(jié)(附練習(xí))

1、學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考小學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)語法總結(jié) （附練習(xí)）Contents第一章名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)2. 名詞的格第二章 代詞1. 人稱代詞2. 物主代詞第三章冠詞與數(shù)詞1. 冠詞2. 數(shù)詞第四章 句型1陳述句2疑問句3祈使句4、 There be句型與 have has第五章時態(tài)第六章總結(jié)考試學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考* 紅字及紅字所示范圍內(nèi)的語法知識需重點掌握第一章名詞（ Noun）名詞的概念在生活中，我們會接觸到各種各樣的人和事物，用來表示這些人或事物名稱的詞就是名詞。一、名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)指名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞表示“一個”時用單數(shù)，“兩個以上”時用復(fù)數(shù)； 不可數(shù)名詞表

2、示量時，通常用 “數(shù)詞 +單位 +of+ 物質(zhì)名詞” 的形式， 如 apiece of bread (一片面包 ) ， 變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時，只須將單位名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如： twopieces of bread(兩片面包 ) 。* 名詞復(fù)數(shù) 的構(gòu)成法則1.一般情況下在詞尾加s.詞尾讀音shop - shops (商店 )在清輔音后讀 s bag - bags (書包 )在濁輔音后讀 z window - windows (窗戶 )在元音后讀 z 2.以 s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的單詞在詞尾加es。class - classes (班級 )詞尾讀音 iz box - boxes (盒子 )match -

3、 matches (比賽 )brush - brushes (刷子 )3. 以“輔音字母 +y ” 結(jié)尾的詞， 變 y 為 i 加 es.story - stories (故事 )詞尾讀音 iz 4.以“元音字母+y ” 結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾直接加skey - keys詞尾讀音 z monkey - monkeys5. 以 “ o” 結(jié)尾的名詞， 復(fù)數(shù)一般在詞尾加“ s” , 但個別加 “ es”tomato - tomatoes (西紅柿 )詞尾讀音 z potato - potatoes (土豆 )zoo - zoos (動物園 )photo - photos (照片 )* （以 “o”結(jié)尾，

4、復(fù)數(shù)加 “ es”）口訣：黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero)，左手拿著西紅柿(tomato) ，右手拿著破土豆(potato)，頭頂一個大芒果（mango）。6.以 f或 fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f 或 fe為 ves.leaf - leaves (樹葉 )詞尾讀音 vz 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考knife - knives (小刀 )* （以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的單詞，需把f 或 fe變 ves 的單詞）口訣：妻子（ wife ）持刀（ knife ）去宰狼（ wolf ），小偷（ thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下（ shelf ）保己命，半 (half)片樹葉（ leaf ）

5、遮目光。* （以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加“s”的單詞）口訣：長頸鹿 (giraffe) 站在屋檐 (roof) 下，左手拿著手絹 (handkerchief) ，右手拿著高爾夫球 (golf) 。例： roof - roofs (屋頂 )7. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化man - men (男人 )tooth -teeth (牙齒 )child - children (兒童 )mouse - mice(老鼠 )foot - feet (腳 )woman - women (女人 )8. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣sheep - sheep (綿羊 )deer - deer（鹿）English - E

6、nglish（英國人）Chinese - Chinese（中國人）* （不規(guī)則名詞變復(fù)數(shù)）口訣：男人，女人 a 變 e；鵝，足，牙齒oo 變 ee；其實老鼠也好記ous 變 ic ；孩子加上ren ，魚鹿綿羊不用記。二、名詞 所有格的構(gòu)成法（ 表示“誰誰誰的” ）1. 主要是在詞尾加 s 構(gòu)成。如 :This is Toms desk .這是湯姆的書桌。That is Mike s book.那是邁克的書。2. 如果原名詞已經(jīng)有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s , 則僅加一個 . 如:the teachers reading room教師閱覽室the pupils pencil-boxes學(xué)生們的文具盒3.如果原詞

7、是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但不是以s 結(jié)尾， 變?yōu)樗懈裥问叫柙诤竺婕由蟬 。如：the children s palace少年宮men s room男廁所* 名詞所有格口訣：名詞所有格， s 前面加一撇，復(fù)數(shù) s 放在尾，后加一撇就完結(jié)，兩人共有算一個，后面只加一個撇。學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考名詞練習(xí)題一、寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式puter_ 2.apple_ 3.city_4.house_ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _7.tomato_8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot_ 11.wife _ 12.potato_13.play_14.day_ 15.glass _1

8、6.radio_17.zoo_18.life _19.story_20.leaf_21.baby_22.dress_23.butterfly_24.deer_25.class_26.brush_27.key_28.English_29.mouse_30.man_二、漢譯英1Tom的足球 _2.老師們的自行車 _3學(xué)生們的課桌_4. 哥哥的文具盒 _5姑姑的卡片 _6. 猴子們的香蕉 _7螞蟻們的早餐 _8. 媽媽的包 _9姐姐的連衣裙 _10. 女孩們的蘋果 _三、把下列句子翻譯成英文1這些是 Peter 的籃球嗎？_2這個是老師的鋼筆嗎？_3有一些書在 Sam的課桌上。_4有一些孩子們在教室

9、里。_四、改錯（圈出錯處，在橫線上改正過來）1.There are some butterflys on the table._2.This is Alice dress. _學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考3.I like tomato very much. _五、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._能力測試卷（名詞）一、將下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.planetreelessonmonthappleshirt2. boxb

10、usbrushwatchclassfox3.knifelifeleafWifethief4.dayboymonkeybabycountrystory5.photoradiopianotomatohero6.childtoothmanSheepEnglishChinese二、判斷正誤，并改正錯句，正確的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike. _三、選擇填空1There are two _ in the room.A

11、. ChinesesB. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out.A. two toothsB. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore.學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考A. Childrens booksB. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here.A. John sB. John5. Can you give me _?A. some papersB. a piece of paper6.There are _ on the floor.A. s

12、ome boxB. some boxes四、將下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。1This sheep is white._2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor._第二章代詞* 體現(xiàn)以上代詞用法的巧妙例文：I ama student.Heis a doctor.Sheisa nurse.They are my friends.Youare very nice.We are playingin thepark now.It is a long snake.I am going to the supermarket

13、 now.Youare a polite boy.She is my elder sister.He always good at sportsThis is her cost.My coat is over there.Some friendsof mine is comingto my house.The key is yours.Your car is beautiful.Her dress is long.The long dress is hers.Their books are new.The bikes are學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考theirs.His friend

14、s are kind.This book is his.The toys are ours.Our house is big.The big house is ours.代詞練習(xí)題一、根據(jù)題意，用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag.3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ).5. These pens

15、are _ ( we ).二、改寫下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs._3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your boxes. _四、把下列句子改寫成復(fù)數(shù)。1. This is a butterfly._2. That is a bus._3. It is a mouse._五、改錯。1.This is mine lamp. _2.These are oursbooks._3. That are

16、 their teacher._4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考能力測試卷（代詞）一、幫下面的好朋友團圓（連線）I她its我們her他（她，它）們we我they你的their他（她，它）們your她的she它的二、填空1She s a teacher . This is _ bag.2. He s a driver. This is _ taxi.3. I am a boy

17、 . _ name is Peter.4. -What s _ name?- My name is Tony.5. It s my puppy. _ name is Mimi.三、選擇() 1.Your book is not so old as _.A. himB. heC. hisD. she() 2. _ book is it ? It s _.A.Whose herB.WhosehersC.Who hersD.Whomher() 3. He is a friend of _.A. ourB. usC. myD. mine四、改錯1. I, you and he are all teac

18、hers._2. This is mine teddy bear._3. These are ours bags._4. These is their teachers._學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考第三章數(shù)詞和冠詞（ * 直接見基礎(chǔ)詞匯分類總結(jié)，找規(guī)律背記即可）一、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞 表示 數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。1. 基數(shù)詞的寫法： 2199 的兩位數(shù)，十位與個位之間用連字符“- ”。例： 21 twenty - one32 thirty - two99 ninety nine百位數(shù)：個位數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred ”，表示幾百，在幾十幾

19、與百位間加上and。例： 101 ahundred and one.320threehundred and twenty648sixhundredand forty-eight2序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成1）一般來說，是由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th 構(gòu)成。例，four+ th- fourthsix + th - sixthseven + th - seventhten + th - tenth2）下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，有特殊的變化。例，one - firsttwo - secondthree - thirdfive- fiftheight - eighthnine - ninthtwelve - twe

20、lfth3）十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞y 變成 i ，然后在加eth. 例，twenty - twentieththirty - thirtiethforty - fortiethninety - ninetieth1） 兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例，twenty one - twenty- firstthirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third* 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律；詞尾加上th （ fourth, sixth）一、二

21、、三，單獨記；結(jié)尾字母t, d, d；（ first， second ， third）八去 t, 九去 e, （ eighth ， ninth ）； ve 要用 f 替；（ fifth，twelfth）整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，ty 將 y 變成 i ; th前面有個e；要是遇到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。二、冠詞冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。a 或 an 是不定冠詞， the 是定冠詞。 a 用在輔音音素之前，如a desk, a tree; an 用在 元音 (a e i o u) 因素之前，如an apple,an hour, an English book.1.不定冠詞（ a,an ）指人或事物的某一

22、種類，表示“一個”，但不強調(diào)數(shù)量。學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考She is a teacher.That s an orange.2. 定冠詞 the ，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指說話人與聽話人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到過的人和事。This is a bus.The bus is big.3. 不用冠詞的情況：1） 專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。如，Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名詞前已經(jīng)有this, that, my, your等詞時，就不再用冠詞了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠 )3) 一些固定詞組前不用定冠詞。如，at

23、home在家go to school去上學(xué)* 定冠詞 the 的用法記憶口訣：特指、重提和唯一，島嶼、海峽和海灣；海洋、黨派、最高級，沙漠、河流與群山；方位、順序和樂器，年代、團體與機關(guān)；船名、建筑和組織，會議、條約與報刊；姓氏復(fù)數(shù)、國全名，記住定冠the 加在前。* 零冠詞用法口訣：月份、星期、節(jié)假洲，呼語、頭銜職務(wù)前；三餐、球類、慣用語，學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。冠詞和數(shù)詞專項練習(xí)一、在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~，不需要的填“/ ”。1) at _home2) go to_ bed3) go to _school4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time6) _red

24、 apple7)_ English book8) _ spoon9)_ orange10) _melon11) _ eraser二、選擇填空1.There is _“m” in the word“primary ”A.anB.aC.theD./2.This is _ orange bike .A.aB.anC.theD/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,aB,a ,theC.an , aD.an , the4.English is _ useful language in _ world

25、 .學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考A.an , the B.a , the C.the , /D./ , the5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.theB./C/aD.an6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , aB.the , theC.the , a D.a , the7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , aC.A, theD.An, /8.He was _ first to come .A.T

26、heB.aC.theD./9.Do you see _ book on _ table ?A.the , a B.a, anC.an , anD.a , the10.Wheres _ desk ? Its in _ middle of the room .A./,/B./ , a C.a , /D.the , the11.He is _ friend of mine .A.anB./ C.theD.a12.There is _ university near the farm .A.aB.anC.theD./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./B.theC.a

27、D.an14.I have _ book . I t s _ interesting one . I like reading _books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , theC.an , an , the D./ , an , /15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.aB.anC.theD/16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser .A.a, aB.a , an C.an , aD. an , an四、用代詞填空 :1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .A.We , y

28、ou , they B.You , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We ,they, usB.Our,their, ourC.Our , theirs , ours D.Our, theirs ,we3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ?A.her , yours B.his , yourC.hers , youD.their , yourself4.“What are youdoing

29、 ? ”“I am looking at _ in the mirror ?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考A.She , you , IB.I , she , youC.You , she , ID.I , you , she能力測試卷（冠詞和數(shù)詞）一、寫出相鄰的數(shù)詞1.twenty2.five3.twelve4.fifty-eight5.ninety6.seventy7.thirty-eight8.one hundred9.one thousand10.one二、選

30、擇正確答案1.There aredays in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-fiveB. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-fiveD. three hundred and sixty five2.There arestudents in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-sixB. eight hundred and forty sixC. eight hundred and forty-sixD. eight hundred fort

31、y-six3.My brother is in.A. Three Class, One GradeB. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class ThreeD. class three, grade one4.He was doing some washing.A. at eight yesterday morningB. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eightD. by eight yesterday morning5.There aremonthsin a year.December

32、 isthemonthof the year.A. twelve; twelve B.twelve; twelfth C.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth6.Sunday is theday of the week.A. seventhB. firstC. secondD. third7.Autumn isseason in a year.A. the fourthB. the thirdC. a thirdD. third8.Tom wasto get to school and I was.A. first; ninthB. the first; the ni

33、nthC. a first; a ninth D. thesecond; the ninth9.What s the date today?Its.A. Friday B. time to goC. cloudyD. June 410.Monday is the second day, and.A. Tuesday is the fourthB. Thursday is the fifth學(xué)習(xí)資料th學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考C. the second is TuesdayD. the second is Thursday第四章句型( 明白句子意思，多讀例句仿寫著會用即可)一、陳述句定義：凡

34、是說明一件事情， 提出一個看法， 或是表達一種心情的句子都是陳述句。時態(tài)具體句型句子構(gòu)成動詞做謂語主語 +be (am/is / are )+（ not ） +其他 +.一般現(xiàn)在時實意動詞做謂語主語 +dont/ doesnt+其他 +.情態(tài)動詞 +實意動詞主語 +情態(tài)動詞 +（ not） +動詞原形 +其他 +.現(xiàn)在進行時動詞做謂語主語 +be 動詞 (am /is /are)+現(xiàn)在分詞 +其他 +.大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句，陳述句可以用肯定式和否定式?？隙ň渥兎穸ň淇隙ň渥兎穸ň渚褪羌觧ot no或表示否定的詞英語的句子重要取決于動詞而動詞又有時態(tài)的變化因此在不同的時態(tài)的句子中的位置不同陳述

35、句練習(xí)把下列陳述句變成否定句。1.My father watches TV every day .My father _ _ TV every day .2.Kate often does her homework at six .Kate _ often _ her homework at six.3.I go to school at seven .I _ _ to school at seven .4.She usually goes home by bus .She _ usually _ home by bus .5.They are good students .They _ _

36、good students .學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考6.He is clever .He _ _ clever .7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning .He _ _ _ bread for breakfast every morning .8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .I _ often _ _ tea in the afternoon .9.He has some eggs .He _ _ _ eggs .10.Kim likes his new bike .Ki

37、m _ _ his new bike .二、疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的，疑問句又包括：一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反義疑問句和選擇疑問句。一、一般疑問句：一般疑問句又可以叫做yes/no 句型，需要用yes 或 no來回答。1.be （ am/is/are） +主語 +其它部分 ?2. 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其它部分 ?肯定回答用“Yes, 主語情態(tài)動詞 . ” , 否定回答用“ No, 主語情態(tài)動詞+not. ”.be 或情態(tài)動詞和not 可用縮寫形式, 主要有 isn t,arent,wasn t,weren t,can t,mustn t,needn t 等 .Eg1. 問

38、句： Is this your English book?肯答： Yes,it is.否答： No,it isnt.Eg2. 問句： Are these your English books?肯答： Yes,they are.否答： No,they aren t.Eg3. 問句： Can you speak English?肯答： Yes,I can.否答： No,I can t.另一家族為含行為動詞（或稱為實義動詞）的一般疑問句, 其結(jié)構(gòu)為：助動詞 +主語 +動詞原形 +其它?肯定回答用“ Yes, 主語 + dodoes. ”, 否定回答用“ No, 主語 +dondoes not. ”.

39、助動詞也常用縮寫形式, 主要有 don t,doesn t,didnt 等 .學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考Eg4. 問句： Do your parents like English?肯答： Yes,they do.否答： No,they don t.三、一般疑問句的回答正如前面所述, 回答一般疑問句時有肯定回答和否定回答兩種方式, 肯定回答以 Yes 起句 , 否定回答用No開頭 . 但對一般疑問句的回答也不是一成不變的. 肯定回答還可以用OK./Certainly.等；否定回答可用Sorry./Sorry,I cant.等 .Eg5. 問句： Can you speak Englis

40、h?肯答： Certainly Of course.否答： Sorry,I can t.Eg6.I am an English teacher. Are you an English teacher?Eg7.We can speak English fluently. Can you speak English fluently?Eg8.We read Englishevery morning. Do you read Englishevery morning?Eg9.Toms father listens to English on the radio every evening.Does

41、Toms father listen to English on the radio every evening?六、“ some”還是“ any” ?在一般疑問句中, 要表達“一些”時, 一般用 any, 但如果這個問句是用來表達“建議、請求、邀請”等交際功能時, 應(yīng)該用 some.Eg10.Is there any tea in the cup?Eg11.Do you have any children?Eg12.May I have some fish?Eg13.Would you like some tea?Eg14.Shall we buy some vegetables?Eg15.Can I borrow some money from you?Eg16.Why not have some bread?Eg17.How about some orange juice?二、特殊疑問句 ：以疑問代詞what, who(whom), whose, which或疑問副詞when, where, how, why放在句首提問的句子叫做特殊疑問句，答語只要針對問句中的疑問代詞或疑