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1、備戰(zhàn)高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)情景交際邳州一中英語組概念解讀:高考中的情景交際題是在特定的語言環(huán)境中考查考生運用語言的能力, 但由于受到中西方文化不同思維方式的影響,或只單純地考慮語法規(guī)則而忽視禮貌得體原則,結(jié)果往往選錯答案。基礎(chǔ)知識結(jié)合比較歷年高考試題,將常見的情景交際用語歸納如下:一、 “沒關(guān)系;不要緊;沒問題;別提了”類Never mind 意為 “沒關(guān)系;不要緊;不用費事 ”,常用于以下幾種場合:1)當(dāng)別人向你致歉時;2)請對方放心或安慰對方時注意:由于受字面意思的影響, 很多學(xué)生把 Never mind 用于對 DoWould youmind 的否定回答。對 DoWould you mind 表示
2、 “不介意 ”時常用 No, not at all; ofcourse not; certainly not;No, please;No , go ahead 等;表示 “介意 ”的回答為 You had better not; You d rather not;I m afraid not; Im sorry,but 等。Forget it 意為 “沒關(guān)系;不要緊;別提了”,通常用于以下場合:1)當(dāng)別人向你致歉時;2)不同意對方要求的委婉拒絕No problem 意為 “沒問題;成 ”。通常用于對別人的請求表示同意。類似的表達(dá)還有: All right ; OK 。It doesnt mat
3、ter 相當(dāng)于 No matter,意為 “沒關(guān)系;不要緊 ”,通常用于對別人道歉的答語。二、 pleasure 類It sa pleasure to do 意為 “很高興做”,相當(dāng)于 PleasedNiceGlad to do。It sa pleasure=A pleasure=My pleasure,意為 “不用謝; 沒關(guān)系;這是我樂意做的”,通常是對 thank you 的回答。With pleasure=YesCertainly,意為 “當(dāng)然可以;愿意效勞 ”。類似的答語還有: All right ;OK ; No problem;I d like to 等,主要用于對別人的請求表示樂
4、意去做的場合。三、 all right 類Thats all right 意為 “不用謝;沒關(guān)系 ”,主要用于對感謝或歉意的禮貌回答。Thatright 意為 “對了;正確 ”,表示對對方的意見、看法或行為肯定的答復(fù)。相反說法為 Thatswrong。All right=OK ,意為 “行;可以 ”,通常用于對對方的建議或請求表示同意。1) sb.sth. be all rightOK 表示 “身體好;一切正常”2)感謝的禮貌回答有 Thats all right;Thats OK ;Not at all;Youre welcome;Dont mention ; It is a pleasur
5、eA pleasureMy pleasure;I m glad you enjoy 等;對歉意的禮貌回答有:Thats all right;It doesntmatter;Never mind;Forget it ;ThatsIts nothing 等。四、 “祝愿;祝賀 ”類當(dāng)聽到令人高興的事時, 通常用 Im glad to hear that 來應(yīng)答;否則用 Imsorry to hear that 來應(yīng)答。當(dāng)對方向你表示祝愿時, 常用 The same to you 或 You,too 來回答。但對Happy birthday to you 的回答常用 Thank you。當(dāng)對方在某項
6、活動,如考試、比賽時,向?qū)Ψ奖硎咀8S肎ood luck。當(dāng)對方在某方面取得成就或成功時,常用Congratulations 來表示。五、 Go ahead, Help yourself, Herebe 類Go ahead 表示鼓勵對方做某事, 意為 “請吧; 請說吧;請開始吧; 請盡管用 ”。注意:在回答 May I use 或 I wonder if I can use 時,如借用的東西可以拿走,就用 Here you are,反之用 Go ahead。Help yourself 可表示 “請隨便吃、喝 ”外,還可表示 “請自己動手做或拿”。Here it is 表示 “給你;在這兒 ”特
7、指上文提到的單數(shù)名詞。Here they are 表示 “給你;在這兒;他們來了 ”特指上文提到的是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。Her you are 表示 “給你;在這兒;你們來 到了 ”,特指上文提到的是半數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞,也可以指另外提供的事物。Here we are 表示 “這兒有我們所需要的;我們到了”。解答情景交際題時要做到“四忌”一忌上詞下用上詞下用指的是答句部分沿用了題干句子的重點詞、信息詞,按表層意思似乎合情合理,但往往為錯誤的“虛像 ”,需經(jīng)進(jìn)一步分析后才能確定正確選項。如:用“ I dont 應(yīng)答”“ Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomor
8、row, ”用“Dont be sorry 回答” “Im sorry I broke your mirror ,”用“ No thanks 回”答 “ Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”避免 “上詞下用 ”的誤區(qū),一是確認(rèn)題目涉及的交際功能項目,二是確認(rèn)句子上下文語境,三是確認(rèn)正確的話語方式?!纠}】 I wonder if I could use your telephone. _.A. I wonder howC. Sorry, its out of orderB. I dont wonderD. No wonder, he
9、re it is.【答案及解析 】 C 盡管該題中反復(fù)出現(xiàn) “wonder”一詞, 但通過仔細(xì)審題可確定其考查的功能項目為征求對方意見,問句相當(dāng)于 “Could I use your telephone ? ”綜合語境和話題的分析,正確的答話方式一般為 “Of course you can 肯”(定)或“Sorry, you cant ”(否定 ),也只有 C 項 (抱歉,它壞了 )符合題意, A、 B、 D 項均屬典型的 “上詞下用 ”現(xiàn)象,而且 D 項中的 “No wonder”意思為 “難怪 ”,更是和題干內(nèi)容相差甚遠(yuǎn)。二忌中文思維與上詞下用比較,這一誤區(qū)更具迷惑性,因為無論按題目內(nèi)容或
10、是按思維方式來考慮,都非常符合中國學(xué)生的習(xí)慣。顯然,掌握英漢兩種語言和文化之間的相同和相異之處,對于準(zhǔn)確解題至關(guān)重要??忌忸}失誤之一是按漢語的表達(dá)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)去套英語,去選答案,這屬于語言知識的 “負(fù)遷移 ”?!纠}】 Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _.A. I dont believeB. I dont believe itC. I believe not soD. I believe not【答案及解析 】 D以 Do you think?這樣的句子來提問,用D 項來回答表示否定,顯然不符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,這也正是許多考生
11、選了A 、B、C 項的原因。 另一個更常見的失誤是套用中國文化模式。違背英語國家的思維方式和文化習(xí)俗,這屬于文化方面的“負(fù)遷移 ”。三忌直接回絕這主要是指在對方要求得到幫助,提出請求或邀請時,回答過于直接,不夠委婉,盡管從語義角度分析是沒毛病的,但不符合英語國家的交際習(xí)慣。“請求 ”方面的問話有May I? /CanI ? /I wonder if I could/Do you mind if?I 等, “邀 請 ”方面的問話有Will you?/Would youlike to /Id like to invite to 等。在作否定 回答時,為了表示禮貌和委婉,通常要用一些委婉詞,如but
12、, Im afraid, Im sorry, thanks, please, had better 等?!纠}】 I didnt know this was a oneway street, officer. _A. Thats all right.B. I dont believe you.C. How dare you say that?D. Sorry , but thats no excuse.【答案及解析 】 D 許多考生有可能選 B、 C 項,這是沒有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要禮節(jié),答話時過于生硬,沒有顧及他人感情,而正確答案 D 項正是在充分考慮到說話雙方的身份,彼此之間
13、的關(guān)系以及說話人的立場和態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上做出的選擇。四忌答非所問答非所問的錯誤比較容易察覺,如果問話與答話的內(nèi)容風(fēng)馬牛不相及的話,考生可以迅速排除。但有時雙方會話內(nèi)容有所關(guān)聯(lián),仔細(xì)推敲才發(fā)現(xiàn)其實答語并不切題。最典型的例子是With pleasure 和 Its a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答,表示 “非常愿意 ”。后者一般在事后回答,表示 “不用客氣 ”?!纠}】 Sorry, I couldnt come to the party . I was sick that day. _.A. I dont know thatB. Thats all rightC. Yes, well hav
14、e another partyD. No, the party wasnt held【答案及解析 】 BA、C 和 D 三項均明顯地答非所問,與問句無關(guān);只有接的答復(fù)。B 項能夠作出直歷年高考情景交際題導(dǎo)解:(06 江蘇 28)It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.Well, you know what they say,.A.There is no smoke without fireB.Practice makes perfectC.All roads lead to RomeD.No p
15、ains, no gains答案D解析此題的四個選項均為諺語。There is no smoke without fire 意為 “無風(fēng)不起浪 ”;Practice makes perfect 意為 “熟能生巧 ”; All roads lead to Rome 意為 “條條大路通羅馬”; No pains,no gains 意為 “不勞無獲 ”。在此題的情景中, 對于創(chuàng)業(yè)的艱辛只有15. 項符合要求。(06 陜西 11) I m terribly sorry that I made your table cloth dirty.A.Never mindB.Don t mention itC.
16、That s right D.Sorry答案A解析從 “我很抱歉把你的桌布弄臟了”來看下文應(yīng)是表示寬慰對方的答語。mind.不要緊。而 Don t mention it 常.用于回答感謝。 C,D 兩選項直接排除。Never(06 天津9) I m thinking of the test tomorrow.I m afraid I can t pass this time.!I m sure you ll make it.A.Go aheadB.Good luckC.No problemD.Cheer up答案D解析由后句 “I m sure youmakell it.我相信你會成功的 ”可
17、知,應(yīng)是對對方的鼓勵和信任。Cheer up 可用于表達(dá)鼓勵、 促進(jìn)的含義,相當(dāng)于 Come on.作此意時的用法。Go ahead 意.為 “做吧 ”,用以表達(dá)對前面說話人的提議的支持和許可。(07 陜西 13)I think he is taking an active part in social work.I agree with you.A.in a wayB.on the wayC.by the wayD.in the way答案A解析本題考查介詞短語。in a way=in one way“在某種程度上 ”; on the way“在途中”;by the way 順“便說,順便問
18、一下 ”;in the way 擋“道,礙事 ”。由句意“我在某種程度上同意你所說的 ”可知應(yīng)選 A 項。(07 四川 34)A.No way.Accidents will happen.B.Doesn t matterC.No trouble at allD.Don t mention it答案B解析 No way.沒門; Doesnt matter 不.要緊; No trouble at all.不麻煩; Dontmention it.別提了,是 Thank you.的答語。根據(jù)句意, Doesn t matter 正.確。(08 全國 6) Do you know Anna s tele
19、phone number?.As a matter of fact, I don t know anyAnna, either.A.I think soB.I m afraid notC.I hope soD.I d rather not答案B解析 本題考查情景交際。 句意為: 您知道安娜的電話號碼嗎? 恐怕不知道。事實上我也不認(rèn)識什么安娜。根據(jù) As a matter of fact, I don t know any Anna,either,可知回答時應(yīng)用否定形式故排除 A、 C 兩項; I d rather not 寧愿不 ,不符合題意。I m afraid not 恐怕不,符合題意。(
20、09 四川 1)May I open the window to let in some fresh air?_A. Come onB. Take careC. Go ahead!D. Hold on!答案C解析根據(jù)語境可以知道:去開吧,去做吧。所以答案為:C。容易誤選A。come on的意思是 “算了吧!加油! ”(08 江蘇 25) I can t repair these until tomorrow,I mfraid. That s OK,there s.A.no problemB.no wonderC.no doubtD.no hurry答案D解析由句意 “恐怕我得到明天才能修好這些
21、東西?!薄皼]關(guān)系,不著急?!笨芍?,應(yīng)選no hurry。(09 陜西 19)Have you finished your first paper?. Just half of it. How about you?A. Not at allB. Not likelyC. Not a bitD. Not yet答案D解析交際用語。 Not at all:一點也不,根本不; not likely:不可能; not a bit:非常,很,極其; not yet:還沒有。根據(jù)應(yīng)答句中的just half of it 可知此處 D。(10 安徽 24)- Do you know if Linda is w
22、illing to take charge of the program?-_, does it?A. It takes no timeC. It doesn t hurt to ask答案: C考點:本題考查交際用語。B. It counts for nothingD. It doesn t make sense解析: It doesn t hurt to ask 意為 “又不是不能問; 問一下也無妨 ”; It counts fornothing 意為 “這不算什么 ”;It doesn t make sense 意為 “沒有意義; 講不通 ”; It take no time 意為 “這
23、不花時間 ”。句意為 “- 你知道 Linda是否愿負(fù)責(zé)這個項目嗎? - 問一下也無妨,不是嗎? ”(10 江西 21) Do you enjoy your present job? _. I just do it for a living.A Of courseB Not reallyC Not likelyD Not a little答案: B考點:考察情景交際解析: of course 當(dāng)然 not really 委婉說不not likely 不可能not a little 非常前句問你喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作嗎?從后一句答語我們知道, 他僅僅是為了謀生。所以前一句答語應(yīng)該是否定的 , 而且答語口
24、氣并不強烈 , 所以要用委婉的語氣 , 答案: B高考情景交際真題練習(xí)1.(10 天津 2)Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me?Sure.?A. What help B. What is this C. What is it D. What do you want 2.(10 遼寧21) I ll do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors?_.A Yes, pleaseBNo, I don tC. Yes, sureD. No, not at all3.(10 重慶 21)Youpa
25、rk here! It s an emergency exit.A. wouldn tB.needn tC. couldntD.mustn t( 10 重慶 26)- Honey, let s go out for dinner.-I don t have to cook.A. Forgot it! B. That s great!C. Why?D. Go ahead!5.(10 浙江 13)Would she mind playing against her former teammates?She is willing to play against any tough players.A
26、I think so.BI m not surprised. COf course.DNot likely!6.(10 四川 1) Here s your change.A. Thank you.C. No problemB. Don t mention it.D. With pleasure.7. -Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.-Well, you married one._.A. You name itB. I ve got itC. I can t agree more D. You should know.8. We
27、could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.Yes,_ ? I ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. what forC. whyD. what9. Did you forget about my birthday?_ I ve booked a table at Michel s restaurant for this evening.A. What then?B. I m afraid so.C. How could I?D. For sure.10.So you gave
28、her your phone? _she said shed return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right11. I msorry I broken the vase. Oh, _. It wasn t very expensive.A. you d better notB. I m afraid notC. as you wishD. that s all right12. Are you going to Tom s birthday par
29、ty? _.I might have to work.A. It dependsB. Thank youC. Sound greatD. Don t mention it13. - We need three single rooms for the first week in June.- _. The hotel s not busy then.A. No problemB. Don t botherC. Never mindD. It doesn t matter You could always put the decisions off a little bit longer. _
30、If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.A. That s reasonable advice. B. Isn t it a good idea? C. Do you think so? D.I can t agree more. 15. Oh, you sounded just like a native. _, I still have trouble expressing myself.A. Well, not quiteB.I don t careC. Yes, you re rightD. I m glad you like
31、it16. You can have a pet dog, but suppose you get bored with it in a few days? _ ? We won t, we promise!A. Then whatB. All rightC. how comeD. So what17. Linda didn t invite us to the party. _? I don t care.A. For whatB. So whatC. What s onD. What s up18. We got here Tuesday afternoon. _Why didn t yo
32、u call us earlier?A. Good luck!B. You did?C. It s no surprise.D. You are welcome19. I m sorry I didn t make it to your party last night. _, I know you re busy these days.A. Of courseB. No kiddingC. That s all rightD. Don t mention it Can I come and have a look at your new house? Yes, _!1.( 2012 山東 -
33、22) Sorry I m late. I got ckstuin traffic. _. You re here now. Come in and sit down.A. You are welcomeB. That s rightC. I have no ideaD. Never mind2.( 2012山東 -25)It doesn t matter _ you pay by cash or creditcard in this store.A. howB. whetherC. whatD. why2.( 2012安徽卷 -22) May I help you? Y ou seem to
34、 be having someproblems., thanks. I think I can manage.A.All rightB. No problemC. It all rightD. There s no way3.( 2012安徽卷 -32) I love the Internet. Ive come to know many friendson the Net. Few of them would become your real friends.A. Thats for sureB. Its not the caseC. I couldnt agree moreD. I m p
35、leased to know that4.( 2012重慶卷 -26) -The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum hasbeen cancelled.-Oh, no! _.A. It s a pityB. It doesn t matterC. I knew it alreadyD. It s not interesting at all5.( 2012重慶卷 -35) Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her todance. _What if she refuses me?6.( 2012 江
36、蘇卷 -24) Dont worry, Mum. The doctor said it was only the flu. _! Ill tell Dad theres nothing serious.A. What a reliefB. CongratulationsC. How surprisingD. Im so sorry7. (江蘇卷) Honey, the cats stuck in the tree. Can you turn off the TV and get a ladder Oh, it jumped off.A. Never mindB. All rightC. No
37、problemD. Take care?8( 2012 天津卷 -1 ) Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson? _. I can manage without you.Forget itB. I m afraid notC. It dependsD. Of course9( 2012 天津卷 -5 ) You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you don t. _. Confidence is really important.It s not my cup of tea B
38、. That s not the point C. I don t think soD. I couldn t agree more 10.(2012 浙江卷 -1) Is there anything else to discuss? _. I guess.A. Not at allB. No, thats allC. Yes, Im sureD. Yea, of course11. (2012 浙江卷 -20) Im going to San Francisco for a couple of days. _. I wish I could get away for a while.A. It doesnt matterB. Forget itC. I really envy youD. I cant agree more12.(2012 江西卷 -27) Have you paid? What s my share of the bill?
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